Truffles; Some call it the black diamond, some the fruit of kings, some the child of the earth....
A rare mushroom species that always has a privileged place on the tables thanks to the delicacy of its taste, the uniqueness of its smell and aroma...
0:00 - Truffle Introduction
0:24 - How Truffles Live in Nature
0:43 - Truffle Types and Harvesting Times
1:03 - Winter Black Truffle (Tuber Melanosporum)
1:22 - Summer Black Truffle (Tuber Aestivum)
1:52 - White Truffle (Tuber Borchii)
2:11 - Other Truffle Types Growing in Our Country
2:29 - Truffle Supply and Market in Europe and Our Country
2:51 - Truffle Forest Action Plan and Implementation
3:21 - Harvesting Truffles and Using Truffle Trained Dogs
4:22 - Transporting Truffle Mushrooms
4:41 - Cultivating a Truffle Mushroom
5:01 - Selection of Truffle Grafted Saplings and Seeds
5:28 - Planting Truffle Grafted Saplings
5:43 - Truffle Conservation and Storage
6:00 - Truffle Protein, Nutritional Value and Mineral Content
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Despite the short supply of truffles in Europe for 2 months, it is possible to supply products to the truffle market for 12 months in our country, since our country is located in different climate zones. Truffle mushroom grows naturally in the Mediterranean climate zone, which also includes Spain, France, Italy and Turkey. Our General Directorate of Forestry has implemented the truffle forest action plan between 2014-2019. With the inventory and planning studies, it has been determined that Turkey is the richest country in the Mediterranean climate zone in terms of natural assets. The existence of Natural truffle has been detected throughout our country and is subject to commercial use. As of 2020, the contribution of truffles to the country's economy is 220 million TL. For the harvest of truffles, it is very important that the mushroom is mature enough. Harvesting before maturity well reduces the value of truffles. In addition, it is necessary to be careful not to disrupt the root structure of the tree during harvest and to harvest only mature truffles. When truffles mature, they release a strong and characteristic smell, but since humans cannot detect this smell from afar, they refer to dogs as their loyal friend. Trained dogs that are sensitive to the smells of the truffle should be used for harvesting.
The truffles found with the help of a dog are removed from the ground by hand or with a walking stick with a metal tip. Excavation should be to a maximum depth of 50 centimeters. The holes drilled for the removal of truffles should be filled immediately with the soil removed from this hole and the ground should be leveled. As important as harvesting is the transportation of mushrooms. Mushrooms should be placed in a wooden mesh basket or cardboard box so that they are not damaged. Carrying it in a bag or closed plastic box may cause moisture loss in the mushroom.
Let's take a look to the truffles culture; the ideal place for truffle gardens. First of all, it is the place where a truffle species naturally grows. Because the soil structure of the natural habitat, the climate characteristics and the dominant plant species are the most suitable environment for a truffle species. The seeds of the truffle grafted seedlings to be selected in truffle production should be species compatible with the region to be planted. Oak species preferred in grafted sapling production are Quercus Robur, Quercus Ilex, Quercus Coccifera, Quercus Pubescens and Quercus Cerris. Other species are Pine, Hazelnut, Hornbeam and Kayacık.
Planting of grafted seedlings should be done in autumn, October November, which is usually the seedling planting period. If irrigation can be supplemented, planting should be done in Spring, March and April. The preservation and storage of truffles is also of particular importance. Since the truffle will deteriorate quickly in the outdoor environment, it should not be kept under normal weather conditions. It has a shelf life of up to 3 weeks if it is stored in the refrigerator at + 2 to + 4 degrees without being humidified. Truffle Mushrooms are richer than other mushrooms in terms of the amount of protein and mineral substance they contain. In terms of nutritional value, it contains %53 to 76% Water, 9% protein, 7% carbohydrates and 8% minerals. As a food, it is grated as a sauce or spice on the dishes, as an additive to foods such as butter, honey, cheese, or by processing it as truffle oil and similarly, it is turned into Truffle Products. After the truffle is cut, it gives off an intense smell. It transmits the truffle aroma to the entire oily environment. It is used in medicine for its antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and aphrodisiac effects. It would be more accurate to say that truffles are small precious secrets that nature tries to hide under the ground.