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Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction (Animation)
Type I hypersensitivity, also termed anaphylaxis, originates from prior sensitization involving CD4 lymphocytes, resulting in mast cell degranulation triggered by allergen exposure. This prompts the release of primary mediators like histamine and serotonin, causing vasodilation and bronchoconstriction, coupled with secondary mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, fostering inflammatory cell infiltration. Systemic anaphylaxis may induce acute asthma, laryngeal edema, diarrhea, urticaria, and shock, while local anaphylaxis typically presents as hay fever or hives. Laboratory findings often include elevated eosinophils and serum tryptase levels. Treatment encompasses self-administered epinephrine injections, supplemented by albuterol, antihistamines, and corticosteroids for late-phase reactions.
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