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My AirPods get jammed by the microwave.

And this also shows why teaching people to read old fashioned maps is really important.

Arrogance and hubris. Soviet Radioelectronic combat was a serious threat in the 80s and the RFA didn't abolish EW for 15 years like the US Army did. The US Military decided that precision weapons were the solution in 1970s and assumed that nobody could practically jam them after 1990 so basically the US stopped developing other guidance systems for a few decades. And hasn't managed to build/field the user hardware for anti-jam after eventually, after long delays, deploying M-code on the sats. But hey, it worked fine against 3rd world insurgents and terrorists, and we would never be fighting a competent military backed by a large industrialized country, so why spend the money?

You see, when the missile gets close, the Russians press X at the right time to affect a dodge roll and the most cunning Russians can leave it until the last second, then do a parry with their tactical shovel.

I'm in Europe, 600 km from Kaliningrad, 2000 km from the border of Ukraine. Since the war started Uber app that was pretty precise with figuring out my location (as in: where to pick me up) now misses by hundreds of meters. Just a small fact of life, you can make your own conclusions.

I took a DNA test and I'm in the family Hylobatidae. That's right! My parents are Gibbon apes and I'm certain that's where I got my intelligence.

A most comprehensive video on a complex topic. Excellent work as always.

Fun fact, you actually need 4 satellite signals... time is also a variable. for more accurate and cancelling signal propagation interferences, 6-7 is required for google map level navigation. if you are fast moving missile, more satellites signals are required to remove doppler effects

By the way, dBm is decibel in relation to milliwatt.

Krasnopol-M uses laser guidance, the Russians intend to use a combination of laser and Glonass with the new Krasnapol-D variant.

based on my experience developing GPS based app: 9 satellites are needed to get constantly accurate position.

No Russian DNA? Man, that will confuse people! ;) Thanks and hugs for Otis from Germany! ;)

GLSDB is new, but the SDB part is old.

During your presentation, I had visions of myriads of ‘air tags’ being dispensed in flight. Find my keys, find my dog, find my stolen trailer. GNNS Chaff.

The reason why INS based weapon systems include GPS is because relative to the INS, GPS receiver is quite small and cheap. It augments the INS system by providing up to date position information, allowing the INS to correct/reset the accumulated drift. For the weapon itself, outside of shielding/directional antennas, one of the best solutions to jamming is actually speed. Since INS drift is a function of time, the faster you go, the less time you spend within range of the jamming systems. When you get up to cruise missile speeds, 20-30 mile effective range of jammers, is small enough to where rather cheap and small(yet ITAR controlled) sensors can achieve a couple meter accuracy. The other solution to jamming is image recognition for terminal guidance. Using IR sensors and AI image recognition will allow target detection/tracking easily at hundreds of meters. That VASTLY decreases the required INS accuracy, while also allowing for the tracking of moving targets. INS accuracy could open up into the hundreds of meters! For the battlespace, the solution to jamming is relatively small long endurance UAV's with directional antennas, and some radio hardware. They'd work in sets of 3 or more to triangulate the jammers. Passing the targeting data to many various ground/air weapon systems. Think of it as a counter artillery for jamming. I wouldn't be surprised if In future war, the poor soldiers who get assigned to the units who deploy jamming equipment, will having some of the shortest life expectancies on the battlefield. I'd bet a good bit of money that whatever agency is operating the USA's ginormous SIGINT satellites, knows every single time, when a jammer is powered up.

Antennas have broad beams an modest gain. But even simple antennas have very sharp and deep nulls. The most effective countermeasure is to point a pattern null at the jammer.

Your videos just keep getting better!

EW isn't something Russians have abolished. Hell, understanding the physics behind information transfer is what Russians are adept to dealing with even in nuclear war, so i am really surprised USA didn't include anything to deal with the electronic warfare in their top of the line guided bombs. Unless they were really only meant to deal with countries who don't have EW capabilities.

I'm a kind of guy who is more on the "cautious" side of personality. I really really love fool-proof and rugged things. Those magnetic rock formations on the earth, all sorts of gyroscopic navigation and celestial navigation really really impressed me. You can't jam a wire-guided AT missile, you can't jam the location of sun either. It seems to be that due to historical and geopolitical reasons, the Russian military tends to think a design thing in my way rather than the "cool" way. For goodness sake, the jam everything so hard that they jam themselves too, just to make sure that their enemy doesn't have the advantage either 😂

I am a radio frequency and network engineer, at least I was in my past. I worked in the field, and I have encountered many things that stop radio signals and interact with them in unexpected ways. Pine trees, for example, they may as well be made of copper. For some reason nothing can penetrate pine trees. If you don't want to get hit by a GPS guided bomb, hide in a coniferous forest lololol

Oreck or Dyson? Otis wants to know its ancestry. 😅😅😅

Probably the best discussion I have seen on GPS spoofing.

The Airforce spent money on home-on-GPS-jammer seekers in 2014. This certainly seems like a pretty straight forward application. In the last couple of months the US Air Force is spending a modest amount of money to actually get these built. I am surprised this weapon isn’t already in the US inventory.

reject gps, return to laser guidance

Excellent video. Thank you.

Great video, and very informative. Well done and thanks.

Thank you for sharing the so much information in a 30 min video. Very useful for research as I am already into most of them.

In Greece we say "una faccia, una razza " about the Italians

As a former soldier, every now and then I find my graduation picture from basic training. There I am with my fellow soldiers. Our faces look more like boys and barely young men. It is a sobering thought that it is these young men we may have to send them to war. Enjoy your tech analysis and briefing. They remind me how our battlefield have become more deadly than it was for me 40 years ago.

Very interesting and well made video, covering many topics in this field of warfare not often discussed. Cheers!

I like how people say that Russia have never achieved air superiority and yet the FABs were dropping by the hundreds every day. Meanwhile JDAM and other western smart munitions rarely got used. And even got jammed when they do.

The missile knows where it is at all times. It knows this because it knows where it isn't. By subtracting where it is from where it isn't, or where it isn't from where it is (whichever is greater), it obtains a difference, or deviation. The guidance subsystem uses deviations to generate corrective commands to drive the missile from a position where it is to a position where it isn't, and arriving at a position where it wasn't, it now is. Consequently, the position where it is, is now the position that it wasn't, and it follows that the position that it was, is now the position that it isn't. In the event that the position that it is in is not the position that it wasn't, the system has acquired a variation, the variation being the difference between where the missile is, and where it wasn't. If variation is considered to be a significant factor, it too may be corrected by the GEA. However, the missile must also know where it was. The missile guidance computer scenario works as follows. Because a variation has modified some of the information the missile has obtained, it is not sure just where it is. However, it is sure where it isn't, within reason, and it knows where it was. It now subtracts where it should be from where it wasn't, or vice-versa, and by differentiating this from the algebraic sum of where it shouldn't be, and where it was, it is able to obtain the deviation and its variation, which is called error.

We've been Jammed RASBERRY!!!

Thank you Sir, informative video, keep up the wonderful work.

It rocks that you shared your heritage.

Thank you !

"Tactics without Strategy is Noise before Defeat" Sun Tzu.

Oh cool, well hey, I'm glad we figured this out during 'live combat testing', so now we can make all of the necessary changes to our weapons and strategies. Perfect. Thanks for the feedback!

Thank you for interesting content as always !

You are forgot about most used anti-jamming technology widely used for now by Russians and Iranians. Controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPA) are active antennas that are designed to resist radio jamming and spoofing.

21:35 Ah my favorite subject... lateral lobes...

Your information is incredible. Thank you.

Thankyou cousin!

20:27 The quote is "Houston, we have had a problem". Also, GPS is toast.

great video!

Great video mate. A clear title with no clickbait, rather complex information well delivired. One time youtube algorythms served me well.

Awesome content!… I learned soooo much, thank you thank you!! 😊

Oh man I liked the moustache! 😉

Your ancestors were from Magna Grecia and Iberia :)

Thank you Gus. Exemplary explication and explanation, as always. Cheers from NZ🇳🇿.

I am oddly happy to see a channel getting a sponsorship segment. It's like attending a child's graduation.

Odd that you don't mention vision recognition (topologically) derived from satellite imagery as a robust, cheap and obvious approach.

As predicted by Brian Berletic years ago…

It's nice to find honest and well-researched information for a change. I can't be bothered with mainstream media for anything but what not to believe. Great video as usual.

Great presentation. You included elements i did not expect. You did leave out some but thats ok. You are very knowledgable in RF tech.

Very informative video, better than all the so called "experts".

Shouldn't be too complicated, to build some "home on jam" mechanism for rockets, if the jammers broadcast their position that loudly.

This video explains perfectly how I understand the issue. It even mentions the Kessler, bonus points for that! Can't wait to explore your other vids where I don't know the subject matter and learn something!! As for location accuracy, my thought is that Terminal guidance by friendly emitters with known locations could be helpful. Small devices with solar panels air dropped into trees, refining their location over time, listening for friendly queries and squaking only then.

Thanks a lot for this video! Very informative! Very interesting! I think that using phased array antenna for munitions (JDAM, etc) could significantly decrease if not fully eliminate jamming and spoofing problem

Some universal military diktats. 1) A space based transmitter signal can always be overpowered by a ground based transmitter. 2) Multiple ground based transmitters can be built for the cost of a single anti-radiation missile. 3) HARMs currently are out ranged in theatre by Russian AD and AA missiles. 4) The US has less HARMs available than the number of Russian jamming/spoofing systems deployed at this time (not all are vehicular).

One solution I have considered lately is AI driven navigation. One with the ability to keep track of changes of direction and terrain recognition. The fire control technician would provide the drone with a three dimensional map to the target with accurate terrain and structure information of the possible routes. It could use the stars to help navigation but would not be necessary. Once released no amount of signal jamming or spoofing can deter it from accurate weapon delivery.

Thank you, Millennium7.

Thanks, Gus. Great video.

Infrared imaging with target recognition at final aproach makes the GPS jamming ineffective. Most Israeli air to ground weapon (eg. SPICE bombs) uses it, but GBU-53/B StormBreaker also has this feature. Terrain-contour-matching (TERCOM) is also a reliable method for weapon navigation, which existed well before the GPS-era. Tomahawk and other CM still use it.

So jamming & spoofing fifty year old GNSS technology is not to be expected, what took so long?

I learned map reading when I was around 7 years old back in the 1950's topographic maps mostly compass helps but understanding landforms is enough for most of my solo hikes in mountain terrain.

Very informative and interesting, as always.

una faccia, una razza, as we say in Greece :)

The uk has made some kind of quantum compass and is testing now. Now if that could be made small and cheap enough it may be a breakthrough from satellite navigation. How accurate it is I don’t know.

Amazing, unbiased video. Why did I find your channel just now?!

If I'm not mistaked the Saab F-39 uses it's radar to read the terrain to suplement the GPS system. Some brazillian missiles will have both too!

The cheapest solution that already exist to the GPS jamming problem is anti radiation missile as jammer constantly emmits signals.

I don't understand why you so quickly dismissed anti-radiation missiles suppressing the jammers. Such missiles are already well developed, and would be the first option I would exercise.

Once again you have hit the mark...!!! You answered, in a simple but accurate way, my questions about military jamming-spoofing activity. I am a former officer (a.u.c.) of the Italian Air Force, and your channel is simply fantastic. Well done, congratulations, you manage to communicate difficult concepts in a completely clear and simple way...!!! Greeting from Rome

Main part of hypersonic speed is it's ability to supress EC. Saturating the frequencies with noise is also a good idea.

Anti radiation missiles are another solution that should have been explored more, something that Ukraine lacks. GPS Jammer constantly emits signals and that is vulnerable to anti radiation missiles.

excellent summary of the problems, I used to sell INS systems (based on Honeywell Ring Laser Gyros) and have one of those old inertial platforms in my collection (3 north seeking gyros USAF) thanks I do radio as well so appreciate the effort you put into this clip

I am an airline pilot and we are effected by jamming and spoofing regularly on our long flights. I am thinking of 2 simple ways how they can be prevented. The gnss signals come from above and jamming/spoofing signals come from below. There can be some physical shielding of the antenna to prevent signals coming from below. Or, the software can be modified so as to ignore signals coming from below and only use signals coming from above.

Nice to see you getting ads.

Russian EW is effective because Ukraine effectively cannot contest the airspace. In a contested airspace, any jamming or spoofing emitter is liable to get HARMed.

Very educational. Thank you.

My information is from the 90's, and I have not kept up with advances in GPS. Back then there was the C/A (Coarse acquisition) system based on the L1 signal. Once you got roughly correct, you employ the L2 signal to get the P (precision) signal (as well as ionsphere compensation), which was encrypted. From what I recall, they do not specify if the C/A signal is still needed or not once the P signal is acquired. So based on this, I suspect if the CA signal was spoofed, that may prevent the P signal from being acquired.

Spooofing is better than jamming. It protects the emitter.

DNA testing is rubbish (send the DNA sample of your pet and you will see it) and why would anyone want his DNA to be a part of someone's database? 😂

Before starting the video, I would say that people are discussing GNSS alternatives in the public domain. There was a big NYT article a few weeks back. It pointed out that even without* GNSS, INS is gucci. I think making it clear to everyone that even if GNSS is degraded, it’s safe for commercial travel is important.

Very helpful explanation of complex issue!😌😌

Sometimes, being smart makes you weak. That's the problem with guided bombs. They can be deceived because they can think instead of being just a stupid bomb.

I mean the HMARS did just take out the S500 Russia’s newest air defense system “designed” for that threat

What a great video! Nice work.

Meanwhile nothing can stop FABs and ODABs. They just keep blasting Ukrainian defences.

I DON'T KNOW if something change this last 2 months but Ukraine is using ATACMS very successful and more than that every day they are using jdams on Kharkiv region with great effect...

Thanks for a very interesting and informative video.

This has been discussed many times in the public domain. Both sides have drones that home in on jammers & radars. Ukraine also has HARM missiles specifically designed to counter these kinds of threats.

There are so many ways to counter GPS jamming and spoofing. But they're only available with American assets. Ukraine do not have these options, which is basically this war in a nutshell. There are various tactical and strategic problems that is specific to the Russia vs Ukraine conflict that will not be present in a Russia vs NATO war.

Russia completely failed in their jamming efforts. Consumer-grade drones are flying with almost no issues in Ukraine, Starlink's biggest threat to its operational status is Elon Musk despite the Russian claims that Sttarlink would go down if needed. This never happened. GPS that we all have access to can be jammed with cheap devices that can be found online and truckers use them constanly to stop the tracking.

Very useful, thank you

Excellent analysis... on point

You exaggerate the rate at which russian jamming has been effective. Glide bombs, including JDAMS, have been used successfully in various theaters as of a few days ago. In order to jam, it takes a lot of power. It's not something that is man portable. You need a large generator, 10s of thousands of watts, and it's not practical to jam across the entire frequency spectrum. You did state that jamming is highly local, and so where some areas may have strong coverage, most have nothing. Especially on the front line. You also downplay the ability to use multiple antennae to be able to discriminate between multiple sources of a given frequency. Especially for cases where both the transmitter (satellite) and the receiver are moving, and the jammer is not. You'll wind up with the jamming signal falling in and out of phase with the satellite signal, which will make it possible to distinguish between the two from the receiver. JDAMS can optionally be fitted with CRPA antennas, which are actually hard to jam. We have publicly released datasheets claiming 90 dB J/S for artillery shell-sized receivers and over 120+ dB for bomb/missile-sized receivers (locked on in both cases). It's nearly impossible to break the lock at anything more than a few km, and that's with a powerful and expensive jammer. And the one aspect you glazed over was the effectiveness of HARM missiles against GPS jamming, which is one of the signals that modern HARM missiles have been programmed to seek. I don't know if that functionality has been available to Ukraine pilots given the limited nature of their soviet-block interfaces. For example, they reportedly don't have the ability to program a route for the HARM missiles. Acquisition of the F16s will solve this problem if it exists. But given that jamming requires large generators and antenna, these are resources that the Russians will not want to lose. And if Ukraine embarks on a shaping campaign against jamming, this will make the Russians think twice about turning these things on. Or, it will force them to keep jammers away from other critical resources, and thus provide diminished coverage. Either way, jamming is a highly risky strategy in a wild-weasel environment. And that's precisely the game that the F16 will bring.

Well presented thank you