I am from the Netherlands and if I got a euro for every time someone told me: "if you speak German, you basically speak Dutch, trust me." I would be rich. I imagine it is kind of the same for Ukraine. The fact that it sounds the same at first doesn't mean it is the same. XD

One reason why so many Russians think that Ukrainian is really just a dialect is that they confuse Surzhyk with actual Ukrainian. Many Surzhyk varieties are really just Russian with Ukrainian pronunciation and some vocabulary.

I am Ukrainian and my native language is Ukrainian, but I can write and speak Russian easily. But Ukrainian sounds very different from Russian. And yes, having lived for 1.5 years in the Czech Republic and having studied their language a little more, I can say that if you try, you can understand any Slavic language.

I leave 16 years in Ukraine, i'm from Moldova, my parents was speaking Russian, i ended school in Russian and my university as well in Russian (in Moldova 2 official languages Russian and Romanian) Of cause i know Romanian as well fluent, and got good knowledge of UK English, after university i worked in USA company few years and my english was growing to a very good level too. So at 23 years i was a person who can speak and write 3 very different languages (i'm not a professional, but they have absolutely different grammar and words base, so believe me i had a lot of pain in my childhood! :) At 23 i was moving to Kyiv, and started to live in Ukraine with my wife. In 100% cases people talked to me Russian, so i did not have any need to learn Ukranian. But i did not understood it at all! It was the same as any other foreign unknown language! I was not able to get sense from any big sentence, or long speech! I did not understand TV shows or movies, it was absolutely impossible for me to understand Ukranian speaking people, and one time i was talking in English from one guy from west Ukraine who really did not know Russian, and was not able to get the fool value of my words. Ukranian for me was the same hard as any other Slavik language, and believe me, if you understand 2 words from 7 words it give you nothing :) Now i fluent speak and understand Ukranian, and not bad can understand and speak Polish. Hope my story will help to somebody. Ukranian and Russian are like Holland, Sweedish, Dutch and German, they looks similar, but i'm sure that they are not :)

Here's some input from the insider: Viktoria Ballova I am Slovak from Eastern Slovakia. Both grandmothers spoke official Slovak only with difficulties, their mother language was a Šariš dialect close to Polish. My parents still speak between themselves and with neighbours Šariš dialect (village of Kráľovce near Košice, traditionally bordering between Šariš region and Abov region). Today, I am giving classes of Slovak language to Ukrainian refugees. My Šariš language experience helps a lot in understanding Ukrainian too!

I'm Polish and I lived with eastern Ukrainian roommates for several months. They considered Russian to be their native language but also spoke Ukrainian. As I spoke neither Russian nor Ukrainian and they didn't speak English or Polish, we used to communicate by tossing synonyms at each other until we found a shared one. As time went by I had quite a bit of their vocabulary memorised, but only later did I realise that I had no idea which language all the words that I had learned actually belonged to. Come to think of it they might have been speaking surjik too and I wouldn't have even known. The end result is that I can't distinguish between the two languages to save my life unless it's in writing. The vocabulary shared with Polish doesn't even help because I expect both of these to have some vaguely eastern-sounding cognates of Polish words and I never know how much is too much for it to be Russian. I feel like I'll continue to be screwed unless I actually properly learn the languages, separately

Wow, I'm always impressed with your profound knowledge in term of linguistic. Thank you for sharing Sir

As to draw/paint in Ukrainian, there are actually several words with different neanings: малювати/maliuvaty (to depict smth), креслити/kreslyty (to make technical drawings), and фарбувати/farbuvaty (to cover smth with a paint).

It's always impressive the amount of work you put on these videos. I literally learn more here than anywhere else when it's about languages. Thanks Tim!! Muito obrigado

Thank you for opening the Slavic world to Westeners! I'm Ukrainian and I highly appreciate your dedication!

As a native Ukrainian speaker, I say some interesting feature of my language: How word write, you read same. All letters have specific sound, and in most cases don't chandes. Russian have changing letters with "o" that sometimes read like "a". Also we have large variations of emphasis. There can be 1 word that mean 2 different items , for example: За́мок and Замо́к (Zamok). First mean: Castle, Second mean: Lock, like door lock or padlock.

Ďakuju za ce video 💙 Thanks for this video 💛

It was amazing to learn so much about these languages through your video.

Hello Tim ! Thanks for your comprehensive explanations ! Your accurate analysis reminds me of my Russian linguistics professor at Sorbonne University. I mostly studied Russian myself but I started to mix it up with Czech when I minored in Czech back then. I also tried to learn some Polish and Ukrainian later on but it was so confusing that I eventually gave up. Otherwise, have you ever heard about Interslavic or studied it ? Maybe it will be worth a new video from you to complete your serie upon Slavic languages 😉.

I really like these language comparison videos. Very interesting!

11:50 just a little correction - in Slovak "prajem si" derives from "Priať si" (wishing), not "Prať si". "Prať si ..." would mean "Washing one's ... [item]".

You are amazing! And totally right about Slovak language being a Slavic Esperanto and a bridge between Western and Eastern Slavic languages

For example in Slovak we have too učiť sa with similiar meaning to študovať and in 90% cases it mean the same.

Very interesting comparative video which shows that a lot of everyday stuff is mutually intelligible in these languages (more so on paper than when spoken when additional factors come into play). And you’ve got a feeling a different choice of words is possible here and there which would make them even more comprehensible. I know for sure it’s true for some of the Polish examples. Some 10-15 years ago I watched a weekly news segment for the Ukrainian minority called „Nowyny” aired by the public Polish TV regional branch at Lublin (yes, the title was written that way; in Polish it would be „Nowiny”. By the way, it’d be interesting to know whether Ukraine was making similar TV segment for the Poles living in Ukraine) and granted the featured people’s Ukrainian pronunciation was somewhat touched by Polish which made it easier to grasp for Polish speakers, you'd find yourself scratching your head hard as to why Polish subtitles would be screened all along - there was no need for that as almost everything was comprehensible. I’ve come to experience that when a person from the west of Ukraine doesn’t speak too rapidly or under their breath then a lot can be understood, a whole lot. (However, I have a few years’ worth of Russian classes in primary school under my belt so that surely helps there as well.) The Ukrainian pronunciation and cadence in the video do not come from the west of the country though, do they? It doesn’t sound harsh enough for my Polish ears. Isn’t the root for the Ukrainian word „звіт” the same as that of Polish „zwiad” (‘reconnaissence, scouting’) and Russian „разведка” (‘intelligence, reconnaissence, scouting’)? Although the latter two do not denote a ‘report’ you can see how they all have come to mean what they do.

9:14 this word has a direct cognate with Polish word 'otrzymać' also meaning 'to receive' or 'to obtain' and it would sound natural used in the Polish sentence example.

I noticed that the app uses different types of transliteration\latinization for russian and ukrainian, for russian it uses slavic letters with caron on top while for ukrainian it's transliteration based on english - sh, ch, y (sometimes j though, which is inconsistent), and that's stupid, app should use one type for both languages, preferably slavic letters one. As a ukrainian I wish we someday adopt latin (latynka) as a seconds alphabet to avoid things like this. Great video btw, you such an expert in this, hope to see more slavic related video from you :)

Is here anybody who has ever been learning Ukrainian?

I live in Russia, but my father is Ukrainian. What's interesting about Ukrainian is that, for example, unlike Bulgarian, it has grammar that is almost identical to Russian. Also, unlike other Slavic languages, its Swadesh word list is also almost identical to Russian, with just 1-3% difference depending on how you count. Colloquial language in general is also very similar. I can watch Ukrainian videos on KZfaq on general household topics with hardly any problems. The key issue is abstract vocabularly (often not very commonly used colloquially) , which in Ukrainian is under a major Polish influence. So overall, up to a third of all Ukrainian words have cognates in Polish and not Russian. Also, for political reasons the current official Ukrainian often prefers lexical dialectal variations that have more borrowings from Polish. For example, musyty instead of povynen or maty (must), diakuju instead of spasybi (thanks) , etc. Polish itself is much more difficult for Russians to understand, mostly because of sound shifts, so cognates aren't recognised soon enough.

If you dive deep to Slovak dialects you can find even closer relationship with Ukrainian language. And in every language you can say the same thing different way and very often the multilanguage translator doesn't reflect this fact. I understand Polish, Ukrainian and Russian too so I can say Slovak sentences sounding much more closer to Polish and Ukrainian than declared ration.

I'm from Moldova, but from the childhood I start to understand 3 languages at once Romanian, Russian and Ukrainian from the TV channels which I still have today, even if I speak Romanian as a native language, I can also speak Ukrainian and Russian.

7:21 Russian actually has the word малевать(malevatj), it also has the meaning of to paint, but more like to doodle. 9:10 In Russian I'd say "стипендия"(stipendija). Грант just means grant. 15:10 In russian we also use лекарь(lekarj), but it sounds more folkish and, i think, closer to English "healer" than "doctor". "Доктор"(doctor) is also an option, it's very common. 19:24 We also say "утвердить"(utverditj). And there's a word "рапорт"(raport) which is close to polish one. It is used in military, but also in business speech.

As a native speaker of both Russian and Ukrainian, I would estimate the lexical similarity between the two languages to be around 75-80%. The cited 62% lexical similarity seems much too low. Do you have a reference to a specific study that provides this statistic? Could you also comment on the study's reliability? It's important to note that Russian and Ukrainian have complex but almost identical grammatical structures. This aspect should not be underestimated. While lexical similarity indicates shared vocabulary, grammatical structure plays an even more significant role in determining how closely related languages are. Due to their very similar grammar, native Russian speakers can often achieve a native or near native level of proficiency in Ukrainian relatively quickly like few months with focused study. This is because the primary challenge lies in acquiring new vocabulary, estimated to be around 300-500 words. In my experience watching Polish videos, I would estimate the lexical similarity between Polish and Ukrainian to be around 65-70%, and between Russian and Polish to be around 55-60%. Additionally, Polish grammatical structure seems quite different from both Ukrainian and Russian.

There is no word "испит" in Russian. Probably, the author meant "испьітание", which has a different meaning though.

Is Russian vs Ukrainian similar to the relationship between Mandarin vs Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese spoken in Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia and Singapore, etc) in terms of similarities and transferability between these two languages? As a polyglot who can speak all these four (guess not many Polyglots in the world manage to have knowledge in all these four languages:), I guess you are in the best position to comment on this, thanks :)

When you compare the sentences from different languages there are no variations. But e.g. in Ukrainian there are different ways to say the same sentence which will be either closer to Polish or closer to Russian without any distinguishable semantical difference.

If Ukrainian was 95% the same as Russian, why assume that Ukrainian was a dialect of Russian, it could be the opposite.

12:01 in polish also exist the word "otrzymać".

Most examples for slvoak language you should use words similiar to other languages like: študovať in slovak is also učiť (it is closer to other languages), same is with: uprednostniť - preferovať dúfam - mám nádej vylepšiť - upraviť All are used and are more similiar to other languages examples

Доброго дня, Тим! С вашего позволения сделаю ремарку про пару "іспит-испит" 8:37 . Русское слово "испит"(краткая форма причастия "испитый" ) имеет значение выпит до дна, а украинское іспит это ближе по смыслу и звучанию к русскому слову испыта́ние.

This video is fantastic. I've been saying to my friends: I consider Ukrainian to be a bridge between Polish and tRussian. And here you are, putting it in scientific language. My dreams have come true. As for b- in bin, bona etc. In Polish dialects we have some distortion of it: łon, łona, łono. That is my litttle theory, as in Ukrainian you have avtobus but in Polish autobus, pronounced: ałtobus. Like many things, Polish dropped a significant amount of phonetics (aspirated and inaspirated h for example) and grammar (we have completely lost the past tense: ex. Ja byłem zrobiłem). Otrimati is close to otrzymać, which is a synonym for dostać, albeit of a higher register.

The Ukrainian word отримати has a polish cognate otrzymać also meaning to receive

Old east Slavic is a debatable topic, because Soviets used power to change history in favor of Russian-based original language, and there is indeed a common source of multiple languages that has a continuity of dialects. After a deep research, by Sheveliov, we can for sure say that there are no evidence whatsoever that this common language existed a mere 1000 years ago. It doesn't mean that people didn't understand each other, cause as you've mentioned Slavic languages have strong connection and related. But it's such a cliche to measure historical processes according to modern political formations and their relations to the definition of common vs different languages. Take German as example, there was no Germany to call a language German, and 35 dialects(now) somehow resemble the situation back than. Should we call it a continuum, should we draw the line, or unify?

It is necessary to say that words "false cognates" may really mean "false friends" as it correctly said in this video. And "false friends" are mostly defined to be the "different vocabulary". But also "false cognates" may mean different thing than "false friend" do. They "false cognates ) may mean the pair of word which do not look more or less similar between each other but also have the same meaning. But actually they may be of completely different roots, at least between each other. The examples of "false cognates" are the Ukrainian word "громадянин" (citizen) and the Russian "гражданин" with the same meaning. Other examples are Russian-Ukrainian "pairs" "тяжкий - важкий" ("hard", "heavy"), "запад - захід" ("West") etc. Also, the words which are not genuine cognates and have "indirect" origin from the same Proto-Slavic word-ancestor but from two close Proto-Slavic words are probably did not put in this lexical similarity but in lexical distance. But it's not about any words of "indirect" origin but these which had sufficiently not identical meaning or sufficiently different grammar forms between their Proto-Slavic words-ancestors. The example probably is in this video the Russian-Ukrainian pair "петь - співати". Another pair in this video "становится - ставати" are "different vocabulary" from this criteria of classification. But a pair of words "стать - стати" which are not directly lexically related to "становиться -ставати" are real "cognates" as you said. So, these are Slavic (and probably not just Slavic) paradoxes. The other pairs from this video like "навыки - навички", "повышать - підвищувати", and, possibly "следует - "слід"are also not genuine cognates. They are "partial" or even "indirect" cognates according to their irregular sound changes in affixes or origin. But because of irregular changes just in affixes and absence of grammar or semantic differences in their Proto-Slavic ancestors they are probably put in 62% of the Russian-Ukrainian lexical similarity. Finally, not only this lexical paradoxes but all sum of different kinds of grammar and phonetic changes from "Proto-Slavic" ancestors make complications for putting Polish, Ukrainian and Russian in the definite subgroups of Slavic languages. At least, the problem concerns with the contemporary situation with their phonetics, grammar and vocabulary. Also, the borrowings of words from other languages (despite the author of these lexical distances ignored "borrowings") should not be exaggerated or undrrstated but it should be proven thoroughly according the rules of the linguistics.

What about Czech? It more wester langus!

Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak and Czech are very similar and are understandable even to those who have not studied them. TRUTH, if you want, you can understand it. 🇵🇱🇺🇦🇨🇿🇸🇰🔥❤️

7:50 in Ukrainian there are possibility to say "Надіюсь/Маю надію"

Thank you for your work! I just wanted to say that in Russian we have a cognate to Ukrainian «малювати» that would be «малевать». But in Russian it means «to draw smth inaccurately, sloppily»

Seems to me you are comparing standard bog-standard Russian with bog-standard standard Ukrainian. If you do that, you will see big differences - obviously, But what if you compare dialects spoken on each side of the Russian/Ukrainian border. Surely they will be one hell of a lot closer. I say there is a language continuum. This point was lost in the video.

The comparison is made to give some slight idea about the languages, but only official state languages are matched. Obviously because they are easily accessible for foreigners. All those official languages were composed in Austrian Imperial city of Prague after 1948 "Spring of Nations" by a team of professional linguists educated in France for the purpose to establish "Nation States" where the languages had to substitute religion as dividing factor. So, there's little vocabulary continuum among official languages as they're meant to be walls not bridges. Authentic "Slavic" languages of tenant farmers were gradually phased out. Present day Russian simply didn't exist before 1918 and it has become impassable to use pre 1918 Russian outside of areas remote from major cities. Authentic Ukrainian has been simply banned in 1862 and remained banned ever since but nevertheless it partly survived due to its cheerful and upbeat nature as a language of pirates.

I'm Russian and I used to live in Ukraine for 2.5 years before the war started. Now we live with my wife in Germany, Berlin where obviously is a high level of multiculturalism can found. For instance, I can hear Polish, Ukrainian, Russian and German languages on the streets (and many others). From my personal experience - Knowing Ukranian is a better entry point for Eastern European languages because it's a nice bridge between Polish, Russian and to a certain degree even German. It has more similar words to Polish, which also has been influenced by German, so the continuity and ties are clearer. While Russian is much more isolated linguistically. As far as I know - there is a lexical imbalance between Rus and Ukr: Ukrainians will understand Russian, but Russia barely understands Ukranian. Regarding Russian, again, I'm not a professor or historian, so my observation is based on my personal experience and videos like this on KZfaq and articles on Wikipedia, so please take my words with a slight pinch of salt. That being said, I understand why Russian is one of the main languages in the world, I don't think it was a smart choice from a practical perspective, but rather a sum of historical, political and social events. What I mean by that is that, if ones wants to communicate with a vast amount of east-Europeans and learn our culture - I feel like Russian isn't the best language to start with for the reasons I wrote in the beginning. Indeed in Russian, we have a LOT of German and French words ( I was surprised actually how many German words in Russian are) but they obviously were imported and the nature of how they behave and are placed in the language is very granular and systematic. For instance, everything that has a connection to engineering and medicine usually has a German heritage or a straight German word, lifestyle words often have a French heritage. While Ukranian has none of that -it usually has its own words for it or some similar words to Polish and German. The problem though, I don't think that we discuss rendezvous or angina (German, throat inflammation) with people that often, especially when one just started to learn a new language. So these German and French connections are very sporadic and often very particular. I think they were imported with the industry and lifestyle in the 17-18 century, when Russians were entering the European family, culturally wise. Also when I was living in London - I noticed that British has almost none of these imported words. So yeah - knowing Russian sometimes helps me with an understanding doctors here in Berlin and helps a bit to impress my French colleagues, but these imported words are very surfaced, in a sense that they don't add anything when I actually learn German or French let's say. Another important note, is that when we say Russian, we actually mean Soviet language. Two examples: During the USSR, the soviets were pushing basic literacy and education to peasants and masses, which required the most average and standardized version of language. I think for that reason, you almost can't find dialects in modern Russia. I travelled a bit across the central and west of my Country and I can say that the language sounds the same everywhere, maybe with tiny differences in vowels in specific places and words. What can't be said about Ukranian - it sounds different in central, western and eastern Ukraine. There are dialects and different pronunciations and even different words. The obvious question arises - well, if the language is standardized (Russian) - should I learn it, instead of more "chaotic" and diverse Ukranian? Well, yes and no. Which leads me to the second point: Russian language represents its people, culture and very very difficult, tough history. Because Russia went through many bad places and events in its history and had to adapt to it, I think it's reflected in language. Russian language is quite constructed, managed, changed, governed and edited while Ukranian is a very "folk" language. For instance, reading War and Piece in its original form is a nightmare for me now, that's why when we read it these days - we actually read the "adjusted" version. Words, and sentences changed. If I go even further than that - like more than 300 years back in history - I don't think that I would be able to understand what the language says. While my Ukranian wife can read Ukranian texts which are 300-500-600 years old. Damn, even when I read pre-soviet Russian - it's already quite different - like there are more similarities to Ukraninan, even the same letters, which were taken out later by Soviets. Which leads me to the last point - my perception of Ukranian language: to me as a Russian it sounds quite archaic: basically the words Ukranian use sound like "old-russian" words. For English speakers the best analogy would be: you/thou. Ok, so far I've been downplaying Russian a bit. But for obvious reasons - it's very widespread, it has a cultural and financial backing and it requires no introduction: bears and vodka already did all promo-campaign for it. So maybe for a casual learning - Russian is indeed a way to go, because of deep-interwined history of Russian and European countries, many imported words and simplicity (compared to Polish and Ukranian) and amount of speakers. For polyglots though, for people who are really digging and learning a lot and think of the languages from a more systematic and holistic approach - I think Ukranian would be an interesting bet.

As native Slovak I can understand 99% Czech and about 60% of Polish but I cannot understand Russian or Croatian just some words but not the sentence. I also am disappointed of myself that in this video I couldn't understand any of Ukrainian, I would say it was easier to understand Russian that Ukrainian. But I'm confident that if I would live in some of those countries I would learn very fast. I also speak perfectly Spanish ( castellano) and Catalan what helps me understand about 30 % of Italian but I cannot understand Portuguese suppose because I'm not nativ Spanish. Good vidio.

In 5:38. The Ukrainian word "він" is not "genuine" cognate to any Slavic word with the same meaning (possibly even to the Upper-Sorbian "won". It is because of so-called "irregular" sound changes. At least change "o" to "i" (Proto-Slavic "*On"- "вІн") there was not "regular" as it was, in the case of Russian "кОт" ("cat") and Ukrainian ("кІт"). In "він" changing from Proto-Slavic "o" to "i" occured" later than in "кіт" and was not did in evolutionary way but in "analogy" to "кіт". So, it's not "phonetic feature" but "lexical feature". And "він" probably is in 38% Russian-Ukrainian lexical distance and 30% Polish-Ukrainian lexical distance. So, it would be better for you to use Ukrainian "вухо" ("ear") instead and in order to demonstrate the phonetic differences between Ukrainian similar vocabulary differences concerning most Slavic languages except for Belarusian and some others. Its about the insertion of the protetic ("в") "w" in the beginning of a word. But "вона" and "воно", obviously can be used in this still.

No incorrect ! Correct is: "to want" - in Slovak is "chcieť" and it is similar to Polish "chcieć"

Ukrainian іспит is not the same as Russian испит. In Ukrainian word іспит is a noun, which means exam. Whereas in Russian испит is a past participle form of a (rather archaic) verb испить, meaning drunk until the end. Also, although it does not seem to be the topic of the video, many of the words from Russian, Polish, or Slovak shown as a translation have cognates in Ukrainian. So if the specific translation shows a different word, it does not mean there is no cognate. Sometimes, cognates have slightly different meanings, or not appropriate for a specific style of communication. For example, 10:30 porawic -> поправити (to fix), vylepsit' -> поліпшити (to improve, less formal than покращити). Or, 7:04 рисовать, rysowac -> рисовати (to draw, but not to paint, can mean technical drawing), kreslit' -> креслити (to plot)

8:35 As a Russian native speaker I can say that there is no word "испит" in modern Russian.

I’m from UA, my mother tongue is russian though. I’m writing it small because of the ru imperialistic aggression. I stand with UA. As somebody who speaks both UA und ru, let me tell you that these are different languages. All Ukrainians can speak russian and almost no russian speaks Ukrainian and just a few understand it properly. Ukrainian is also closer to BY and PL.

В русском "он малюет" обычно значит "он рисует что-то непрофессионально". И есть ещё очень много подобных примеров. Но вот, например, часто меняются приставки на более архаичные для русского уха. Тот же "отыметь/отримать" будет в русском "заиметь", отыметь в современном языке опошлилось :). Стипендия тоже есть, она платится ежемесячно, а грант - обычно крупная сумма денег, чаще всего единоразовая. И тд и тп. Не буду проходится по всему видео, но думаю моя мысль понятна. Часто, всё очень легко разбирается если ты образованный человек.

No. Ukrainian is an East Slavic Language but it has borrowed vocabulary from Polish. I think Polish is the transitional zone between East and West. Whether Russian and Ukrainian are the same language depends on semantics. Standard Ukrainians has many polish loanwords while standard Russian has Church Slavonic loan words if your metric is mutual intelligibly then they're different languages. However the grammar between Russian and Ukrainian is ~98% the same so from a grammar POV, they are dialects of the same language (east slavic); belorussian too.

Also, Russian - a link between Ukrainian and Southern Slavic languages ;)

As a Russian, who've never visited Ukraine I can say I can easily realise about 90-95% of Ukraine language (both oral and written) With Western or Southern Slavic languages situation with WAY more difficult. For example, when I hear slow and clear Polish speech I can understand about 50-70% and almost nothing if I am leastening to fast speech. That is to say, when I hear about great difference between Russian and Ukrainian I feel that this ideas were uttered just for POLITICAL REASONS (I agree some vocabulary wise difference is exists, but grammar and pronounciation is almost the same) P.S.: I know some people for my words call me fascist or whatever, but I just don't care.

7:15 actually Russian has малевать, but it's for sloppy drawings or paintings, so it has a rude and derogatory connotation.

i'm not learned russian and ukrainian cause native to both. what u say about belorussian is completely wrong imho where phonetically it is close to russian than ukrainian but lexically is not

How should we call language of Belarus correctly to not oftend them? I am noticing that they don't like the name "Belorussian" because of "russian" in that name, so I guess when we call country "Belarus" in English, language should be "Belarusian" I guess??? BTW, these comparisons like in 16:15 are weird because it uses different words on purpose for example to show more difference between Polish and Slovak. In Czech, I can say both - pilně se učit and studovat tvrdě, so both is understandable for me. I would probably not get most of Ukrainian and Russian phrases, but maybe it's similar case and you can use some more common synonyme. Similar with preferovat/uprednostnit, I am pretty sure that both is commonly used even in Slovak. In Czech, we mostly use these international words like "preferovat" when we want to sound more smart than we actually are. 😀 19:32 - this is actually one of examples where correct spelling in Czech is important and it's different from Slovak. Správa in Czech would mean only to manage something (spravovat něc....), but message or news is zpráva with Z.

I assume unique ukranian word "звiт" share the russian root "вод" as many words in ukranian in stead of russian "o" have "i", also sounds s/z share t/d the meaning that concludes to russian word "свод", "сводка" a part of report, where "вы - вод" is conclusion

In my honest opinion (as a Pole) Belarusian is far more understandable than Ukrainian. Moreover, with basics in Russian I understand probably more this language than Ukrainian

My native language is Russian and I only began to understand Ukranian after I became fluent in Polish.

Thank you for this video. This work is very important. In this time the Russians destroy not only our theritory, but our identity. Russian trolls are everywhere and they try to do everything possible to show the western public, that our language doesn't exist, it's just a dialect and it is not important. Knowing Ukrainian opened me the door to understanding Russian, Belorussian, Polish and Slovak. It's a very nice experience. But for understanding all of these language I should have read many old literature with some archaic words, that aren't in Ukrainian anymore, but still exist in the other languages.

Nu, faktično i taky slova kak hlopec czy malevať i mnogy iny, ktory avtor odnose do UkraInskej leksike, tež jestvujut v Ruskom, ale često maju arhaiczny kolor. Ale pogardlivy, kak malevat', napriklad. 😅😅

the so-called “Russian” is a colonial dialect of the old Ukrainian (Ruthenian/Rus’) language. The first Russian dictionary by Vladimir Dal says as much, it is titled “the greater Rus’ dialect of the Rus’ language”.

здєсь водкі нєт таварісчь

Молевать, Я молюю, ты молчишь, он/он молчит, они молюют. Я думаю так на русском рисовать каракули. 😅

Kyiv Rus and Russia have as much in common as Austria and Australia. The fact is that Russia was formed from the MOSCOWY KINGDOM and then stole the name of Kyiv Rus when it weakened to create a myth about a single nation of MOSCOWY and Ukraine

dear world please stop name moscow's lands as russia because it's an illegal naming as "russians" name themself. Rus has always been in the context of Ukraine because Ukraine it's just modern name of Rus

Russian is a dialect of Ukrainian.

Ukrainian is not a language, but a dialect of Russian polluted by Polish influence.

Russian is an east slavic language, dialect of church bulgarian with some ruthenian influence

You are wrong! I am native speaker of Ukrainian (Galician variety) and can say that Ukrainian is much closer to Slovakian and Polish than to damn language of rUssians!