The comments about the pin holding the wheel on the chariot, omitted to mention the composition of that pin. The people who made that pin understood about metal composition too... because some metals are brittle and some are not. They clearly used the correct metal for the the task it was being used for. Analysis of the metals would be very interesting - will that work be undertaken. Not just any old metal can be used for every job. Each metal component of the chariot will no doubt have a different composition.

Dr Roberts enthusiasm and joy in her work is quite infectious.

What an amazing episode and the information gained from ONE burial is unquestionably significant! Sheer amazement...

Dr Alice's whole demeanor just radiates intelligence, knowledge and virtue. What a treasure you are.

According to Irish verbal histories and legends, the charioteer was a highly respected warrior figure. His job was to transport the chief or champion to and from the site of battle, , but may have used a shield to protect himself, and/or his chief while steering the chariot. Some stories have it that spears were thrown from the chariot by the charioteer too, but his main job was to transport and protect. As the chariot became virtually useless once the charioteer was killed, it would make sense that he was protected as much as possible.

Oh man, my Achilles heel for KZfaq videos - those with Dr. Alice Roberts - can listen to whatever she's talking about all day long.

The curator that said some of the cauldron copper was 0.1mm thick she couldn't possibly be suggesting that they were used at that thickness. That's the thickness of copper foil. It wouldn't have had enough structural integrity to even been handled, much less carry meal ingredients.

Huge respect for Raksha Dave... I could listen to her all day long. 🤩

Absolutely amazing !!!!!

Oh nice one Dr Alice does it again 😊great to see Loch search ,,,,Angie in Scotland

What a rush and so exciting for everyone working on this site! The person buried with the upright chariot w/horses must have been a really important person to be buried with something of such value back then. If they weren't the top individual of this community they were right up there with the top people. The craftsman that worked those timbers were amazing! So glad they found all these revealing finds.

The Romans called anyone besides themselves barbarians .

Thank you for your amazing work of investigation in all your videos.. LOVE archeology,the awesome travel to our ancestral legacy..Class

Another, easy to watch and listen to and understand from the good Doctor Alice

British Chariot the Morris Minor of the Iron age. Informative presentation.

Very interesting indeed. Many thanks to everyone involved with this production.

The sword, spear and ax symbolize power, aggression and martial culture. The shield, when dissociated from any weapon of war, can symbolize the authority of the Law that defends the life and rights of those who have been unjustly attacked or harmed. The elderly man carrying the shield may be a judge, whose authority is independent of military threat and aggression.

VERY ENLIGHTENING

Thanks Alice enjoyed this great history ❤

In the crannog section they're saying all the crannogs were built at the same time in a very short period, which shows they they were managing the woodland. I think it is, in fact, evidence that they weren't managing the woodland. I think it's likely that they had to stop building them because they'd used up all the suitable trees. PS the crannog shown in the clip burnt down 3-4 years ago, but they're building another one, and more, on the other side of the loch

Thank you Alice your voice is so relaxing u help me relax thenzzzzz many thanks haha ❤

Amazing informative video. Thank you Prof Roberts.

thank you for this wonderful history presented so nicely

I don't mind embedded adverts, but WHY is 10x louder FFS??

I look at the Crannog and being in Scotland, they must have been chilly to live in.

So informative - this is a series without rival

Wonderful video, thank you.

Fantastic episode. Wonderful to see Raksha again after watching her on Time Team episodes! The chariot burial is simply mind boggling. I've done some ironwork (as a hobby), and to imagine the amount of knowledge and effort that went into making iron tires for the chariot is staggering. Also, thank you for questioning the term hill "fort"! Mountaintops are for viewing and impressing, not for extended living or defending. How would you even store enough water for the inhabitants for one day of normal use, much less for a protracted defense? It never made sense to me.

Excellent!

The shield is an interesting object, in Canada some indigenous cultures have what is called a copper. A shield like object that is often associated with a chieftain Usually hereditary but now elected. I can't help but think these shields of spectacular design being found could have a similar meaning to iron age people's. Perhaps the ones found in the Thames was a representation of the end of a hereditary line of ruler either by physically ending the genetic line followed by a ceremony to show everyone. Thank you for all the shows time and effort you guys put into this sharing of knowledge.

Nice, Quite interesting!

I was unconvinced by the hill fort section, it the idea that you'd bring your sheep and cattle to trade at these site only works if there's a water source, this was not mentioned in the clip. Water is very heavy and difficult to transport and animals and humans need a lot. Even a seasonal township, the lack of water would make it a pain to live there. The only case I can think of of a hill fort in England continuing in use into the medieval period is Old Sarum, that's built on chalk so fairly easy to dig wells, and even then it was abandoned, except as a castle, in the later middle ages for the more conveniently situated Salisbury. If I were to guess their use I'd say that these big sites, on highly visible spots are saying look how powerful we are, don't mess with us. If it's display then you enclose a large area, and you can get away with small walls as long as they're visible. You'd probably have a nobles house (with slaves to carry water), and you'd have other houses of those who depended on that noble. Only occasionally would the populace at large resort to the hill fort, those who were prepared would have their houses built already, just needing repair. They'd come to the fort in times of danger, I also think it's possible that they'd go, possibly once a year, to pay their dues to the lord and probably what ever tax in kind he could impose.

I love it

Perhaps the crannogs were built to house the tribes most precious items and craftsmen and keep them safe from relatives 'borrowing' their stuff.

The statement that the ramparts were not actually built for defence [45'-30"] is a 'slip of the tongue' of course it was defence ! A big , thick high wall with a total enclosure of the site....to keep out intruders, with ring ditches, this was a massive undertaking involving a definite fixed plan & scheme carried out by hundreds of organised citizens, over a lengthy period of time, the overall oversight being [ and required ] a body of highly respected individuals, a planning Committee if you like of Authority figures with a clear vision of the final result.The whole could be termed as civil Engineering, hundreds of years before the Romans arrived. So, the Roman 'War machine' was not Barbaric, is that what they the 'Invaders' would have us believe ??

The reconstruction of the charioteer's facial features reminded me of the actor, Patrick Stewart, a Yorkshireman.

I was about halfway through and Raksha Dave popped up. I KNOW HER ..!! .. says I .. Time Team etc. ..sweet. I just found it immensely fun to recognize one of the Archaeologists.

I've learned a lot ! If you don't know ! It's symbolic ? It's still very good television though , they are good story tellers !

Just discovered this: now subscibed.

There were Brythonic Celts in Rome before the Romans came to Britain, they were known to the Romans for Centuries as Traders through the Etruscans, who were close to the Celts. As always we look at History from the English view of British History, the Vatican itself has much more knowledge of Britain than the British Museum, for they have many early Christian clay tablets from Britain from the 1st Century of Christians and many early Christians were Celts. I am a Descendent of Sir Arthur Evans, much maligned, but he had Diaries by the dozens, I have read some of them of his Journeys through Galatea at Ankyra and Gaer, where he witnessed the Brythonic Celtic Burials close up, they were dated from 480 BC up to 560 AD, I am of the Opinion that Brythonic Celts were more widespread than Britain itself, we know that the French call the people of what is now Brittany Loire Normandy and the Pas de Calais and Belgium " Gallois " meaning Cymric speaking certainly well in to the 19th Century and early 20th Century Gallois was still spoken, at places like Calais Morlais Ypres Arras Amiens Dieppe Carentan Falaise Caen and in to Brittany where there are hundreds of Brythonic Celtic names down to Nantes Loire Camargue and Gironde. Interestingly the Rivers Rhone Gironde Rhein Ronda Rhondda Rhonddu are all Celtic the last two named are in the Cymru but there were many other similar names in Britain that were Anglicised, the Dee was Aberhonddu to the Celt so to Aberdeen in Scotland Rhonwy also became Wye in two places in England, they were places of Good Waters. Hillforts were actually places of summer Gathering of Cattle whilst the Lower Fields were Farmed and Harvested there are nearly 3000 Known Hillforts in Wales alone, wee were Farmers and Traders and our Language was spoken the Length and Breadth of Britain. We also traded with the Continent the Greeks and Etruscans certainly traded at Caerfyrddin ( Carmarthen) so to the Romans before the so called Invasion, there were Brythonic Celts at Efisole and Caeri and in Rome before the Roman ( Arrival) many Celtic scholars have inclined to believe that the Etruscan Language may have been part Celtic, certainly the Etruscans knew them very well.

Lovely to see Raksha Dave 💕

The Shield for the Celt was a Symbol of Power

Thank you for that. Looking into the past from present is full of surprises. How do the experts feel concerning accuracy of wikkitree degrees of relativity. With so few surviving pieces of documentary evidence. I am a Victoria day bundle of joy in last new world at present moment in time.

@30:00 The show gets interesting they actually show some metal work appearing. 🥺.

The one time the "men of culture" comment actually fits😂 What a great programme. Amazing finds

It's so interesting to compare the intersection of the Britain and Roman cultures. So much in common as far as advancing human developments in areas like metal working, religious practices, farming and trade. The Roman "advantage" wasn't in the belief that external cultures were simply unskilled barbarians. Their power in this time was being an order more advanced in organization. There is an exponential difference in the "systems" that Rome was built on. Something as simple sounding as efficient bookkeeping gives a huge advantage in everything from military capability to commerce to infrastructure. It's great to see evidence that Iron Age tribes could build sophisticated chariots, build villages in lakes. But in comparison Rome had libraries with research papers on chariot building that anyone with access and education could copy. Their organization was what gave them the edge over even numerically superior peoples that had similar weaponry. As the "barbarians" learned to adapt the Roman advantage for themselves it altered who was in control.

56:23. damn. blue eyes and more brown than black hair and that is a mirror of me! that shocked me when you showed that picture.

Fascinating - not sure how they managed to bury the horses upright without sedating them, .

Can't wait for the dna reveal!!!! So...were the horses still alive when they were buried?

Pastures get exhausted, so you have to move the livestock about. Perhasp hill tops was the safest place to keep livestock ? The problem, with that idea is the sheer scale, unless it was in fact a livestock market place. Especially if not permanently settled.

The name London comes from the Cymric name Llundain meaning a place of Shallow Lakes, the name is much more Ancient than the Roman name, the Ancient names of that area were Cymric( Brythonic Celtic) , there the Celts would throw their Highest Value objects in to the Lakes and Rivers.

The romans withered when confronted by a horde from Tibet. Those brave men alongside their pack mules arose memories of Teutorberg.

Yay Raksha

34:50 Superstitions in medieval times like the superstition of dropping swords, shields, knives and other metal objects into bodies of water while crossing for safe travels is one of the reasons that we see so many of these objects exhumed from their watery graves. That tradition may have gotten their origins from early religious sacrifices.

A fantastic documentary done a disservice by a Buzzfeed-like clickbait title.

Can we have accurate dimensions and tolerances of the capacities & dimensions of the wheels and cauldrons ? Preferably not to the nearest 1/10th of a meter and such that is the normal offering. ie. Check for consistancies and common units of measure in a common publicly accessable database with references/sample details.

Sehr schöner Schlussatz - gilt für fast alle Kulturen rings um das Mittelmeer, die von den Römern und der dann folgenden römisch-katholischen Kirche "ausgelöscht" und/oder bevormundet wurden.

That portrait of the chariot owner looks like Steven Seagal...

Did the charioteer die along with his passenger, or was he deliberately killed before/during the funeral? Was he expected to die with his chariot and horses, like a captain going down with his ship?

56:10 is that keano reeves?!

It seems disrespectful to destroy the final resting place of so many ancestors. I understand that information is important. But surely there will come a time, and in a not too distant future, when we will be able to extract data without destroying cultural sites. Our current methods will seem crude, just as we now look back at the earlier methods that destroyed so much information. How many skeletons in laboratory boxes are enough? Take your DNA and let the dead rest in peace.

simplistic glass beads seem more akin to iron age brittanic trade with ancient hellenistic or even pharonic cultures

Loch Tay has recently been renamed as Loch Tay-Tay in celebration of you know who.

On the nature of the bodies. How do you tell the difference between a recipient of justice, a murder victim, or a casualty of war ? Were criminals not paraded at the boundaries of towns and villages ?

Patrick Stewart's ancestor.

I hope they didn't Bury the horses when they were alive.❤

The name of warlike thugs is quite applicable to the Romans. They probably used it as praise.

The shield from the river could have been in a boat that sank - I cannot see someone putting it in the river as a votive offering - mankind is too greedy

I wonder what the archaeologists in a couple thousand years with think about us when they unearth a McDonalds or a Volkswagen bug..

As fascinating as these finds are, we must not forget that the subjects of discovery were once living people who meant much to those who knew them. Anything relating to their burial should be treated with respect. I am not saying that we should ignore the significance of these historical sites, just don't think of it as nothing more than entertainment.

The logistics of defending hill forts don't seem to add up for some of them. To big and with no access to natural sources of water. You would need a large number to effectively guard it, plus animals etc that all need water to survive any long periods. So a "statement" is probably better idea.

So...an exciting iron age chariot burial? Not sure they mentioned that enough.

I see a crannog and all I can think of is swarms of mosquitoes. That may not be accurate.

Alice just exudes pure sexiness

Nothin primitive about us. "Until the lion learns how to write every story shall glorify the hunter" African proverb

likely less elegant than they pushing here, more like they lobbed off the heads of these horses then packed dirt around them...

They sure inferred a lot of BS about the chariot owner, maybe he was just rich and wanted to drive instead of walk?

Why couldn't they have lost these Treasures like a brass shield during a wild storm plus flooding and an accident or a peculiar event ?It cant be all on purpose

I think the ground was level for that carriage I think they simply walked in they still would not be standing if that was such that they jumped in then they would be killed they would have fallen over how come you don’t think of that

When did the Iron Age become the steel age ?

Question; Were Celtic Chariots not four wheeled? Perhaps I missed something, please do Educate me.

you know, if someone digs up my bones in 2000 years and puts them in a box in a basement some where for the rest of eternity I'd be pretty pissed.

Burying the horses alive is messed up

These women bringing their puppy dogs and rainbow views, Distorting real history. Our ancestors wouldn't have built such a massive wall on top of a mountain to enclose a seasonal harvest festival. That is without doubt a defensive structure. Same with what they are saying about the man in the chariot. It's just their opinions based on nothing.

This guy looks just like my husband lol.

With the tools of war back then ' i think its safe to say ' we were all barberians 😁

1st

Why build them on the Loch ? Why build houses on a farmstead ? Obvious asnwer to me would be that they're fishermen. Also, boats need woodsman and woodworking skill.

ancient Greeks were carried ontheir shields

Another "lifetime find" every time i scroll KZfaq

Although I fully understand Alice Robert's indignation at the Roman depiction of the early British as "barbarians" she seems to have ignored the very same treatment of native peoples by the British Empire. All conquerors need to justify their conquests by claiming to "civilize" the native peoples who they then rob of their land and resources. Ask any colonized people.

Do you think we should club together to get Alice a second dress? It is in our interest, because on the days this one is in the wash, she presumably can't produce content within KZfaq decency guidelines.

This is what Time Team became now after all these years. This series puts me right out now in my Golden Years, practically yawning now.

The chariot man was Alec Baldwin!

No chance the chariot "burial" was actually an accidental or forced drive into a deep swamp/quicksand pit and the mound was simply added over the site afterwards to honor the dead person?

Shame we're just building shitty housing estates on top of all this history.

Why be "stunned"? After all the Romans were in Britain and they had chariots - maybe they were stunned about the condition??? But why?

Melanie Giles is such an adorable cutie!

Burial? I think they sank into quicksand and died.. how on earth burying the horses with the legs vertically.. just a thought.. no offense..

Certainly fascinating. What happens to all those skeletons that were buried with so much ceremony and treasure? Are they just stuffed in boxes and kept in a stuffy drawer somewhere in a museum? Or are they displayed in a glass box for everyone to see? It would be a bit of a disrespectful in my opinion. Thus it would be interesting to know.