Supposedly, the shortest horror story ever written was one sentence long. “ the last person in the world sat alone in his hotel room…there was a knock at the door.” The end.

"Anxiety is the dizziness of choice". One of my favorite quotes.

The biggest paradox in the Universe is how No Protocol never asks viewers to subscribe but gets her videos recommended on KZfaq anyway 😂

With the Fermi paradox I find it useful to look at how far our radio signals have travelled on a scale against the galaxy, it's like a grain of sand on a bowling ball. Add to that the fact that those signals degrade with distance to becoming undetectable at about 5 light years it's not surprising we haven't picked anything up. We can send signals further but we'll be waiting for a response for hundreds of thousands of years, we'll forget we even sent a signal in that time. I think there's definitely life out there but the chances of any communication is close to zero, everything is too far apart. That's all inside one galaxy.

I'll also add that with quantum experiments, the use of 'observed', implying a human interaction is flawed. All that really needs to happen is that the system is interacted with, i.e. energy is transferred to or from the system. This doesn't take a mind at all. Another particle or energy from outside the system that interacts with the system will cause it to collapse from it's superposition. That is why it is so hard to do these experiments as they need to be isolated from all external interactions. Edit: Basically the problem is with the imprecise use of language. e.g. we don't need to see things to know they exist, rather we need to interact with them. All this is assuming a certain level of basic assumptions. That were not a brain in a vat, dreaming everything, last thursdayism etc

4:30 A frisbee flying from behind straight at you is an unidentified flying object, until either you turn around or it hits you in the head and stops flying.

Just a bit of trivia for you, my Late Maternal Grandfather was friendly with Enrico Fermi at the time of the Manhattan project and was aware of things about the project that weren't common knowledge in the wider public. Sadly my Grandfather passed away before I was born so I never got the chance to discuss anything with him which I would have loved to do as he led a very full life .

0:52 As a Linux user, I am already familiar with that. It's one of the main reasons why it isn't more popular. People just prefer to conform to what everyone else uses rather than having to decide what Linux distribution to choose, even if it means they have no say in what direction Microsoft is going with Windows. In the early 2000s under Steve Ballmer, Microsoft even used that for a smear campaign against Linux, putting an advertisement into magazines showing four penguins (the mascot of Linux), with three having their heads swapped out for parts of other animals, referring to how diverse Linux distributions can be, under which it said "an open operating system does not only have advantages."

6:57 The Season 3, Episode 19 episode of Futurama is the best example of the "Grandfather Paradox", thank you very much.

Just found your channel. It's AMAZING! Thanks so much for all the work you put into these videos!!

Observer's paradox: Let's say you want to "observe" a photon of light... Well to "observe" it you actually have to "see" it somehow... Which will either "capture" it or fundamentally change it's nature in some way... Thus altering any characteristics that it may have had that you wanted to know about it in the first place. Therefore "observing" something inherently comes with the paradox that you will change whatever it is you are trying to observe and can only know "theoretically" what is actually happening.

Umm, just found your channel and subscribed right away. I don’t know your background but your scary smart and have a beautifully infectious smile. Love your reaction choices. Please keep it up!

I've seen ufos, twice, was completely unsettled by what i was seeing as i couldn't figure out what the hell i was looking at, then later discovered it was perfectly natural phenomena. One of the problems is seeing lights in the sky at night...we're not very good at judging distance without anything to accurately compare scale to, so a tiny thing might seem like an enormous object that's fairly far away. My first was seeing a green light hovering over an island 15 miles away. It zipped about covering the length of the island in seconds, changed direction rapidly, like pivoting on the spot then shooting off in the new direction, doing this for about 10 minutes before vanishing. It wasn't alien but i'll let you guess what it actually was

Starting in 1955, author Poul Anderson wrote a series of 11 short stories about "The Time Patrol" - an organization responsible for safeguarding the past from time traveler abuses. The stories do delve into the Grandfather Paradox, and other timey-wimey conundrums.

I love your videos so much 😊 and your book recommendations are spot on. Keep on doing what you do! Cheers

The best/most interesting time-travel adjacent hypothesis/idea imo, is that it is impossible for time-travel to exist, because time-travel erases itself. If time-travel was invented, at any point in time, it would inevitably be used. Each use would cause changes in the timeline, until we hit a timeline where time-travel is never invented.

Here's an experience I had that will make you laugh. I went out to my shed at the bottom of my back garden late one night. As I came out of the shed I caught a glimps of something in the sky in my peripheral vision. When I looked there was a giant glowing, cigar shaped, orange object just hanging in the sky completely silent and about half a mile away. My heart nearly jumped out of my chest and I nearly soiled myself. I ran into the house and shut the door. After taking a few breaths I looked out the window. It was a blimp / airship advertising the "Orange" mobile phone network. Boy did I feel stupid, but I can see how every day objects can be mistaken for something more obscure. Wotta numpty I am.😂 ✌️♥️🇬🇧

The karma of this world that gave us Adolf wouldn't be discharged were he to be snuffed out. It would simply come along with a new paint job. Also you go back for Adolf, should get Mao and Stalin while you're there? When he says "see" I think he means detect in some objective way. It's not specifically sight. You detect the oxygen by breathing or the sound by hearing. Just found this channel through a very random algorithm suggestion. I subbed.

The unique situation with the Nimitz UAPs that have been in the news in recent years is that it's ultimately evolved into kind of a "Me Too" campaign of sorts. Hundreds of seamen saw those "tic tac" objects from the aircraft carrier for the time period in which they were witnessed (several weeks in fact), but most of them chose not to pursue it out of fear for what it could do to their careers. It was the leak of the footage and the corroborating statements by the Pentagon that the footage wasn't hoaxed but was genuinely recorded by their own equipment and the objects were tracked by their own instruments that has caused more and more witnesses to come forward over time and tell their story. It doesn't necessarily mean "little green men" but there was *something* in the sky for those few weeks in the Pacific back in 2004. The few explanations for what it could be based on what we know are mostly all pretty fantastic no matter which one you go with. And there are far more steps being taken to try to learn the truth than with most UAP cases. We'll see.

Love your channel! Also, the observers paradox found that even just setting up a camera to watch elicits an effect on how the light acts. pals so does a lot of research when writing his books. I’ve enjoyed every one I’ve read so far. THE RANT will be next.

The narrator was misconstruing some information. Schrodinger's cat thought experiment was actually him mocking quantum (string) theory, BUT later on we found out that this is actually how things work on a quantum level. The act of observing changes the outcome. There are others that can explain it better, you should look into it. I think you'll like it.

-When it comes to UFOs don't discount a possibility of smugglers; some aircraft fly where they shouldn't. -My favourite science fiction solution to time travel paradoxes comes from Dune. Maybe spoilers ahead? In Dune one of the factions has the goal of creating a person who can see the future. The ability however, as I understood it, was not to see possible futures but rather to see a single future that plays out from their seeing the future. It was as if all the decisions were made. Choices were over. They knew not only the future but every thing they too would do in it. I think the character called it the golden path; all the choices that would need to be made to save humanity from some peril of some sort. I think their approach is neat, they don't even need paradoxical loops since they immediately collapse it by the watcher observing the outcomes of their knowing the future. -My favourite way to think of time is as a measure of the rate of causality. That makes it easier for me to conceptualize the weird relativity stuff around acceleration and gravity. -I think you will be happy to know that Schrodinger's metaphor was in reference to measuring sub-atomic particles. At the quantum scales just the energy from light could influence what you want to measure. They weren't sure if their measurements reflected the (pre) or (post) observed state. At a loss for deterministic certainty things got a lot more statistics driven. -idk about all that scfi that use black holes for time travel. Seems more likely that you would get spaghettified into engery for an effective eternity.

The paradox with the cat in the box they didn’t really explain it well. Basically everything is in a superposition and only when observed you force the universe to pick an outcome and all possibilities collapse into the one reality.

I get bewildered by the choice paradox when I watch USA TV channels with their frequent sales pitches that interrupt the program one is watching. It's a great way to keep the populace distracted making endless consumer choices instead of focussing on more significant and rewarding issues.

You did not disappoint No Protocol.❤

I Just started watching your channel. Your such a Geek. I Love it!!!!

My favorite "ultimate grandfather paradox" is the Robert Heinlein short story 'All you Zombies'. It's less than 10 pages and maybe the ultimate time travel story

The double slit puzzle always makes me think Bishop George Berkeley's theory of "esse est percipi (aut percipere)" may be valid after all. Redeemed after all these years! Love these reactions by the way.

A movie called Predestination is one of my favorite movies that like nobody has seen. Tackles bootstrap paradox in a thought provoking way. Based on a short story by Heinlein. I believe it's called .. All You Zombies

Whenever I think about paradoxes around time travel, I always end up at the same conclusion, which is that these paradoxes just make time travel itself seem very implausible. Of course if you introduce alternate timelines it solves a lot of the problems by eliminating your abbility to change your own future by meddling with your past. That reminds me a lot of the TV show "The Peripheral". I haven't read the novel but it essentially plays with the idea of creating alternate timelines to use as testing grounds, without having to worry about consequences; and all the moral implications that come with that.

The observer's paradox and the double slit experiment have an overlap, which results in something called a delayed choice quantum eraser. By observing the photon's passing through a double slit, history is rewritten to produce only the outcome observed. I think. There's a great video on PBS Space Time titled "How the Quantum Eraser Rewrites the Past" if you want to learn more about it (and get a much better explanation than mine).

Schrodingers cat being elaborated is insane

Observers paradox: When Heisenberg uncertainty principle meets phenomenology. If you measure a physical size of a subatomic particle, you can't avoid influencing it. And the perception of all is individual, therefore I can't prove what you "see". We could only agree, that "Was you see is the same what I see", if we communicate in the same language (see story of Helen Keller). For a movie recommendation: Dark Star (John Carpenter, 1974)

About 20 years ago I looked into an alien abduction support group out of sincere concern and curiosity but as I tugged at threads with the members it soon became apparent to me, in terms of my opinions and experience the consistent themes of youth trauma and a cult like religious nature to their experience of these claims couldn't be ignored as possible psychosomatic components. We know neurology is adaptive and constructive and hallucination can be auditory, visual and tactile, add meteorological coincidence or other mundane tertiary elements and the combination can be remarkable, horrifying, very real to the person experiencing it. I found similar themes with a lot of cult like organisations I was looking into at the time, a British Wiccan movement, popularised exorcisms in Belarus, alien abduction in the US, as I stumbled my way haphazardly I realised these were all birds of a feather, almost like cultural perspectives of the same social statements with a few salesmen at the top giving form to its function.

Destiny is another really good channel. They can be quite brief on topics occasionally but they're good at getting ideas across and making you think. The Observers Paradox is a weird one. I've spent many hours in the KZfaq rabbit hole, reading books, papers about it. It only gets weirder the more you learn. Quantum Theory plays a big role.

Love these sorts of videos!

Schrodinger's "cat" though experiment was originally a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation, pointing out the absurdity of the cat being both alive and dead. What is really in two states at once (quantum superposition) was a radioactive particle. Einstein wrote in a letter to Schrodinger that he agreed with him, including that thinking that reality was independent of observation was a dangerous game to play. As far as we know macro scale objects can't be in a quantum superposition as the particles within the object interact and would collapse it to one state. I think the largest ever object put in a quantum superposition was a microgram sapphire, which is far different from a complex object like a cat.

I can mentally avoid a few of these paradoxes because I've come to the conclusion that time travel simply isn't possible. But, rather than thinking of time as linear, I think of it in terms of a sphere (for lack of any better term). Essentially, everything happening in history is happening all at once, in a cosmic sense. Even if you could jump forward or back, it would only be possible because of what is happening in your present. You couldn't change anything because it's already been determined that what happened is what happened. And if you changed it... that's what happened.

The wildest double-slit experiment I've read about was the time scientist used photons from a galaxy 100 million lyrs away and they were able to prove the retro-causality even takes place over thst large expance of space. The interference pattern collapsed even from a photon that took 100 million years to reach us.

“The 'paradox' is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality 'ought to be'.” ― Richard Feynman Nature doesn't lie, or consult public opinion polls. It just is the way it is, no matter how improbable it might at first appear.

Good day my sister, I thoroughly enjoy your channel and presentations. I've been with you for quite a while and have not been bored nor disappointed by anything you have so far covered. I enjoy your analytic brilliance and willingness to search for answers even in the absurd. Anyway, I would like to recommend to you a movie that will blow your mind. - It's called "The Man from Earth" -2007 - Director: Richard Schenkman - Writer: Jerome Bixby - Stars: David Lee Smith, Tony Todd, John Billingsley. I hope you take the time to explore this masterpiece. - Much Peace -Nuff Love

i love this kind of stuff! thanks for sharing! big love to all people :)

The Observer's Paradox isn't meant to be a philosophical or ethical thinking experiment, it's meant to expose the thinker to how particle physics works. A particle can either be observed or measured, but not both.

german here for pronouciation check: kurz is like a british court but with z insteadt of t in the end. "gesagt" was good, just do the "a" a little longer, like gesaagt besides that: love your videos, you are amazing, keep it up :))

a good explain of schrodinger's cat is when you are interested in starting a relationship with someone and your afraid of it falling apart so you dont engage with said person, then the relationship is both alive and dead until you talk to the person

For the observes paradox. We are used to think that the cat must be alive when the box was closed because its the last piece of information we new before closeting it?

When someone tells me they saw a UFO, I think they saw a thing in the sky, that they can't explain, they think they saw an Alien Craft.

The grandfather's paradox as well as Hitler's paradox can be solve with the idea of predestination; where it is said that no one can change it's own past, and if someone travelled back in time and tried, all attempts to change the past would simply result (one way or another) in the known present (where the known present is the result, not only, of all past events, but also factors in all time travel attempts to change it). Instead of throwing a stone in a pond and causing ripples, think throwing a stone in a river and having the river's current quickly erase any and all ripples as if the stone has never been thrown into it in the first place. The movie "The Time Machine" with Guy Pierce and Jeremy Irons explains this beautifully. In the case of Schroedinger's cat I think that it is wrong logic; just because we don't have awareness of the state of the cat, it does not mean that one of the two possibilities hasn't manifested. There are plenty of things we know exist without observing them, since observation in the domain of the sense of sight only; everything that we perceive through our other senses are things that we know exist without observing them. Furthermore, we cannot always trust our sight; magicians trick us through our eyes, we can also misinterpret things, our brain is constantly having to contextualize information and it doesn't always do it right.

You can't know something's there until you observe it. Any interaction counts.Then the wave function colapses (or branches depending on view).

"I'll let you know in a minute, even if it takes a billion years." That maybe was a quote. Headache now.

Einstein said that he doesn't believe the moon goes away when he's not looking at it. Also, radiation, gravity, magnesium, x-rays, consciousness...great video !

Those "unexplained ufos" has been explained. It's a combination of a duck and a target locking camera that give the parallax effect of a fast flying object. When the camera can't turn more it loose tracking and the object seems to do a warp jump.

When I was about 8 years old living in a rural suburb outside of Cleveland, Ohio, I happened to look out my bedroom window during summer on night and saw a bunch of lights on what appeared to be an enormous object/craft hovering over my neighbor's ~100 foot tall pine trees in 1984. No noise whatsoever. I ran outside and it was gone. It was quite large. It wasn't a helicopter and drones didn't exist at that time. I wasn't seeing swamp gas or a friggin balloon. This thing was hovering over my neighbor's house. Fast forward to 2003 or 2004 and I was with my brother and his friends chilling and my brother, 5.5 years younger than myself, seemingly randomly mentioned that the same year (when he was approx. 3 or 4 years old and playing with Tonka trucks) he went out to our living room at night and some iridescent thing was there IN OUR HOME, and started walking towards him. He claims he ran back to our shared bedroom... I asked him why he never said anything until decades later and he claimed he thought nobody would believe him. I know what I saw which was bizarre on it's own. I cannot vouch for his claim...

Almost everything he said about earth like planets was hyperbole and Way overstated. NO earth like object has been found. The observer Paradox for Schrödinger's cat is, When a quantum system interacts with an observer, the act of measurement causes the system's wave function to collapse into a definite state. This process happens regardless of whether the observer is a conscious being or an inanimate measuring device. The concept of wave function collapse applies in both cases. the same thing happens with Light. the Observer does not need to be Conscious or thinking like a human. So it is not supernatural or and mumbo jumbo like humans are special in this instance. Even though I think Humans are VERY special =)

Whenever I hear about the Fermi paradox I always remember the hilarious short story "They're made out of meat" Another Fermi adjacent short story is "nightfall" by Isaac Asimov. Just for interests sake I also reccomend "Time, Again", "The Jaunt" by Steven King, "A pail of air" and "Visiting the Millionaire". All short, all thought provoking. The last two I hesitate to recommend as they have religious themes, "The last question" and "the last answer" by Isaac Asimov.

Also you should definitely check out a more in depth video about the double slit experiment. It's implications are literally mind blowing. Reality truely is altered by the collapse of quantum states caused by a conscious obsever. In your previous video about simulation theory I mentioned the double slit experiment as evidence of atoms not being rendered by the simulation until viewed/measured. That really does appear to be the way the universe works and is strong evidence supporting simulation theory.

how Shakespear wrote the play doesn't matter from the futures perspective. weather he writes it on his own or weather he is given a future copy, the end result is always the same to the person in that future bookstore, which is Shakespear wrote it. in that way the universe maintains continuity with itself regardless of the paradoxes meddlers may create.

The problem with all time travel paradoxes is entropy and the arrow of time. Time is in an experiential context event sequencing. So what ever you affect on the same timeline must lead to the outcome that took you back in time in any event. The film Twelve Monkeys explores this pretty well. And the Film Deja Vu Explores the altering of outcomes with time travel. I suspect that the timeline would in some way preserve itself were travelling back in time possible. As for the observer paradox it relies on certainty and a common understanding of what something is. Also the difference between knowing and knowing about knowing (Certainty and how certain are you).. You walk into a room with two doors and there is a chair. You walk out of one of the doors and a while later someone asks if you know where there is a chair. If you're in the room with the chair you can be certain of it being there. But you're no longer in the room so the certainty wavers due to an inability to see the chair. You can only be certain it was there, and that no one brought it through the door you came though. There is another door to another room, and time is a factor if the question comes quite a while after you saw the chair. Your actual answer would probably qualify both sides of your certainty. "There was a chair in that room (Certainty) when I came through there. It might still be there (Uncertainty). It appears in the Film Groundhog Day when Bill Murrays Character is less certain of his departure when his perception of his future is altered by events, and shows it quite well. Good job you're not a Movie reactor. Interesting stuff though. Have a great weekend. Be well.

James SA Corey isn't a real person. It's two friends that write under the same name and co-write most things. This is a current era example and many readers still don't know. So it stands to reason that further in the past it would be even easier.

Just because you don’t know something doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist or didn’t happened, you’re just observing a reality that did or didn’t happen. Observing it doesn’t make it happen or change what happened. It just eliminates one or more of the previously viable possibilities. It’s not a very good thought experiment.

The double slit experiment is a strange one from the observer's pardox. The Why Files youtube channel did a video called "The evidence we are living in a Simulation is everywhere. All you have to do is look." which covers the double slit experiment fairly well. Very interesting stuff.

My theory on the Fermi paradox is that space travel must be incredibly expensive as well as wasteful. The underlying reason for engaging in space travel would be to acquire something of value. Against the idea though is not knowing where to look and therefore relying on chance more than calculation. I guess it would be like trying to win the lottery. If we have been broadcasting radio for 70 years then is it right to say that these radio waves have travelled close to 70 light years in every direction from Earth and that there is no intelligent life within a 35 light year radius of Earth, else we would have heard something back?

“schrodinger's cat” is actually more simple to understand than you think. The poison vial breaking inside the box and killing the cat is random. It may or may not happen. So if the cat being killed inside the box by the poison is a random event which you don’t know but you cannot open the box and check for yourself if the cat is dead or alive, The question is, “if there is a 50% chance the cat is dead, and a 50% chance the cat is alive inside the box, has the cat achieved a state of being both alive and dead at the same time? Such you will never know for sure because you can never open the box…..but the question still arises. Like a soldier going to war with an exact 50% chance of dying but he ends up going missing and is never found. Most people would assume he is dead but to others, as long as he or his body is never found he has achieved a state of existence where he is both “dead” and “alive” at the same time.

I love these ideas and how they've been implemented loosely into comics. The Flash uses vibrations to get to alternate universes and dimensions as well as his speed to get to different times / timelines and struggles with changing the timeline from time to time. His nemesis Reverse Flash is a Living Paradox and he can alter timelines at will with no consequences. One that deals with alterning a timeline in a seemingly good way, but ends up in total destruction of earth, one of his more popular stories "Flashpoint Paradox" , but my favorite Flash stories are "Out of Time" where he goes back in time to kill all his rogues to prevent the destruction of the source of his power and for a better future and also one for my favorite character Reverse Flash (Eobard Thawne) that is called "Tales From the Dark Multiverse : Flashpoint" where he Barry Allen (The Flash) ends up dying trying to get his powers back instead of actually getting them back like he does in the main story. Reverse Flash ends up saving the earth that was destined for destruction by altering every single aspect of it until he creates his own team of super heroes to save Earth from extinction by The New Gods.

visitors have been here before humanity was even a thought.

I haven't studied paradoxes or even thought about them much before this video, but the solution to all paradoxes seems quite simple. A paradox involves a contradiction within a binary state. The only conclusion that can be drawn is that there is no such things as a binary state. Is zero a positive number or a negative number? It is neither and both at the same time. So, instead of assuming that there are two alternatives in a binary state, assume that there are 5 possibilities: a, b, both a and b, neither a nor b, and finally both a and b and neither a nor b at the same time. So, when I say "I am telling a lie" (a statement which assumes a binary state of true or felse) the statement is both true and false. It is also neither true nor false. It is also both true and false and neither true nor false at the same time. In short, true isn't the opposite of false, just as 0 is not the opposite of 1. True is just one of the 4 possible states that are not false.

Love the gilet, darling. Kinda looks Tibetan and sci-fi at the same time. Kinda paradoxical in itself!

Schrödinger's theory had me jostling between yes and no. 😂 I have no idea what the outcome could be for the chubby little kitty without opening the box. Also the first time I’ve heard about this theory. Fun reaction, got me thinking.😊

If time travel both ways is possible, it’s likely each instance creates a new reality/universe rather than altering one you’re creating a divergence point that splits off into new realities.

The galaxy is very big. You can't travel back in time and change events. Particles are very small and actually consist of standing waves in different fields. The precise location of a particle can only be known, once you measure it. The interior of a singularity is where physics breaks down, so no wonder we can't explain everything about whats comming out.

An old drinking paradox. I drank all night but next day I was thirsty. But how would I be even thirsty I I hadn't been drinking.....

UFOs/UAPs: The famous "Tic Tac" video filmed by a naval aviator might make you question you own scepticism. The UAP seemed to do impossible things by the standards of the laws of avionics as we know them. Is it reverse engineering? The concept of Schrodinger's cat is better understood after watching the Two Slit Experiment.

@10:10 just kick the box (lightly) and listen for the cats response.

For the double slit paradox….I’ll need more information or being able to see all data in front of me. Although when I think about it, assuming I understand what they are trying to figure out… We create the interference with our eyes. The way I see it, light is always present even when it’s dark. The ability to illuminate is always there, although it’s trapped within a source. From a flashlight to the sun, light has always been. Is there such a thing as an “old” light? Can light have a lasting effect on a surface? Do our eyes remember how light affected an area and create illumination from the energy we hold within us? Can our eyes project the photons within our body and create this illusion of a split image? When you turn off light in a room the photons are absorbed by surfaces and destroyed, so it couldn’t have the ability to always be there. Photons are pretty much everywhere when you think of it. A star explosion has photons shooting all through out space, destruction isn’t the end for a photon. Can light reapplied somehow reactivate the “destroyed” photons? Creating a constant motion by passing the baton faster than we can perceive? Thank you for this video, take care.

If a cat is dead … I and everybody else nearby is going to smell it

when it says "you can't see" it means every way to test by any kind of sense or sensor. it doesn't mean literally you have to see with eyes.

Superposition is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, which is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles.In classical physics, objects are generally described as being in well-defined states. For example, a coin can be either heads or tails, but not both at the same time. However, in the quantum world, particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously, which is known as superposition.Imagine a simple experiment with a photon, which is a particle of light. Photons can have two polarization states: vertical and horizontal. In classical physics, a photon would be either vertically polarized or horizontally polarized. However, in the quantum realm, a photon can exist in a superposition of both vertical and horizontal polarizations until it is measured or observed. After the photon is measured in an experiment, its superposition collapses into one of the possible states with a specific outcome. In the case of the polarization experiment, the photon would collapse into either a vertical or horizontal polarization upon measurement.The act of measurement essentially interacts with the quantum system and forces it to "choose" one of its possible states. This outcome is random, and the probability of the photon collapsing into a particular state depends on the original superposition and the nature of the measurement being performed.It's important to note that the act of measurement in quantum mechanics is a subject of ongoing debate and philosophical discussions. The process of measurement itself is complex.

I enjoy your reaction. You seem very bright and your eyes are always learning. And you are as pretty as smart.

'UFO' doesn't imply 'alien' of course. With that said, I've definitely seen UFOs. It was around 30 years ago, in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California. I was hiking with a friend and we got caught out overnight (lost the trail as the sun was going down, and didn't want to venture further and get even more lost, so we waited until daylight). We both saw 2-3 lights in the sky that, at first, looked like stars. But, they would suddenly dart across the sky, and then appear to stop _in an instant._ Then, moments later they'd dart across the sky again, in another direction and again, appear to stop on a dime. To this day I have no idea what it was that we saw. At the time we both assumed some sort of secret military project, but after all this time there still doesn't seem to be any craft capable of what we observed. I'm sure there are dozens of possible explanations that are more plausible than aliens, but I have to admit, it's fun to imagine it was extra-terrestrial visitors. The recent reports have me thinking about it a lot more.

When they say you don’t know something is there until you see it, I think they mean until you observe it, so it doesn’t need to be just sight. I mean, blind people still know things exist.

When you say your sceptical, that's the thing, no matter how many people you tell that you witness something, people won't believe, not even if the alien it's on video signing a piece of paper saying, yeah he/she saw me!.😂. I learn that the experience it's for you alone. You gotta love with it.

The "Observer's Paradox" was philosophical to begin with, but it's not anymore. Don't get caught in "observing" as watching. You can observe by measuring by other means, or using other of your senses. Observing is just a word that conveys the idea. The quantum physics is about percentages of probability. Much of our science is based on observation and statistics, and quantum physics has been known to break this. And forced us to consider physics in other ways than we approach natural sciences. The issue with the "Observer's Paradox" is that just by trying to measure something, you are affecting what you are observing, and thus get other results than if you are trying to observe/measure other aspect of what you are watching. The results don't add up. You also get results that are wild - as in a particle that is in two different places at the same time. Or a particle that is moving in different directions depending on what you are trying to see. Or things like you can either watch a particle's acceleration, or it's state - but you can't observe both. For example. The question used to be - is the light a particle or a wave. The answer tend to be - it is whatever you try to prove that it is. So you really don't know. Quantum physics is wild. Interestingly enough, Einstein never liked it. And his theories are difficult to work together with quantum physics. Now, at our size it becomes philosophical. Because if you look at your camera - there is a camera. But your camera is put together with particles that only exist in certain place using the same quantum physics. But you know it's there. So, taking into the consideration the probability - it's now 100% that all particles are where they are. Does this mean that they are there, because we have collectively decided they are there? Is our observation of reality affecting it? So thus, can the principles of Matrix (the movies) be used on our world? And not because "we are in a simulation". I don't believe in it. But by the idea of quantum physics alone. "There is no spoon". Because if I can observe a spoon, I should be able to decide it's not there. Right?

thanks for making learning more fun

Problem with alien sightings is the stories are always exactly the same and those same stories basically mimic pop culture as far as what kind of alien stuff it is. So it's always like "ohhh so you saw an alien?" Proceeds to give info you've seen in half the UFO/Alien movies.

There is every reason to believe there are others out there, if we exist and there are similar planets and stars then no Matter to what degree, there is life other than us. The recent hearing in congress has stated we do have aliens and there craft. Even if you erased your grandad, you could still exist, you are not anyone until conception and even then are you truly yourself even at that point in time, time is what encapsulates you so you will always be you. The observation paradox…. You talk to all of us but you don’t really know if we are actually there and watching. I remember a video of a girl you tuber who did a meet and greet and no one showed up. Maybe no one was watching in the first place and artificial intelligence was set up as an experiment to see how they would react to being liked or loathed or both. It could easily be done. The double slit experiment is a great one …. I’m still working on it 😊

The Russel paradox no way to solve

There’s no such thing as the Fermi Paradox. There is although the “It’s only true once the government says it’s true” paradox which is much more frightening.

The grandfather paradox seems like a very unreliable way to erase your browser history.

I'm just distracted by your choice of outfit. I don't usually even notice, but with the worldwide heatwave I began to question whether this was an old video...👀

Paradoxes are one of my favorite topics of this kind

Having no intro is awesome lol

So two video ideas, since the Fermi paradox was first. Two amazing things happened yesterday. One, the fighter pilots, with U.S. military tracking equipment to back them, heat tracing, radar, video, testified to the senate about the many UFO's they see. UFO's that can do things nothing on Earth can, could avoid every missile, and beat f35's. We're talking military professionals, 6 of them, with solid long careers. They also said they had a 'non-human' they were studying, and no one on the internet gave a shit. It's incredible. Also! There was a huge technological break-through. Korea made new super-conductors that stay at room temp and allow energy transfer with no loss. Would save the U.S. about 100 billion kwh a year, or about three giant nuclear power plants working 24/7. Also, love your smile. K bai! =) OH also... they filmed something leaving a blackhole now.

When they say "you can't know something is there unless you see it", they really mean "detect it". Whatever method is used to detect a "thing", the act of discovering & observing that "thing" changes the "thing" itself. So whilst you can detect a "thing", it's not really in the state in which you "observe" it until you observe it....until then, it's in a "quantum state" where it could be any of the states that it could ultimately be in. So if you had a box that could have water as either its gas, liquid or solid state, until you actually open the box to check which one it is, it's theoretically in all 3 states at once. Obviously this is all just true at a quantum level, as far as I recall it doesn't apply to "things" beyond the quantum state, such as water or cats.....(open to correction/clarification please 🙂)

12:22 - someone wanting to learn more about the double slit experiment. There are several really good videos on KZfaq that cover this topic! Joe Scott has one that covers it, as does PBS Space Time. Definitely my favorite paradox. Plus it's easily observed in the 'real' world. It's not some time travel/wormhole/black hole theoretical problem. It's like we're so close to uncovering some fundamental level of reality, but it eludes us.

I have one: If we would be able to shoot a bullet that would go with a speed very close to the speed of light from the train that's also going with a speed very close to the speed of light, the bullet would be actually slower than the train, and it was mathematically proven... It's something about the universe that does not allow anything to travel faster than the light, and it's not about the fact that the light is the fastest thing in the universe

River of time theory answers Grandfather paradox, you see this in Bruckheimer and Denzel Washington film Deja Vu, one of my favourites but they give the happy ending Gamemaster fudge. Same with Groundhog Day and several other films/novels in which it is a plot device. I love this one, since it's so dark it has to be true. No matter what you try to do to change the past its overwhelming nature will always correct itself. Try to kill your Grandfather with a rifle, the round explodes in the gun as a dud. The tree branch you were using as a hide snaps. You have a sudden embolism and die in the failed attempt. No matter what you do something always goes wrong by chance to prevent the flow of time being altered by any individual set of actions and no matter how many times you try, sheer diversity in chaos theory prevents any predictability to the manner in which you will fail.

Sartre said the awareness of one's freedom is in anguish. man hates his freedom because of the anguish it causes him, and he spends his life in flight from it!

"You can't know something is there---unless you see it." This statement forces you to redefine what it means to "know" something. So: what is "knowledge"?!?

You cant know something is there unless you see it. Same goes for the Universe and the laws of physics. In order to see anything, you (or the universe) have to 'shoot' a particle at it and observe if it came back or deflected. This process obviously changes object's energy, so you (or the universe) cannot really 'see' the state of anything in 'real time'.

there's the wine paradox... one glass is not as healthy as 2. But too many is unhealthy and none is not as healthy.🍷