INVISIBLE STAR TREK LIKE SOLID GLASS SHEILD FOUND 7,200 MILES AWAY THAT BLOCKS EARTHS KILLER ELECTRONS. PROOF EARTH IS AN ENCLOSED SYSTEM NOONE HAS EVER BEEN TO OUTER SPACE Invisible shield found thousands of miles above Earth blocks 'killer electrons' A team led by the University of Colorado Boulder has discovered an invisible shield some 7,200 miles above Earth that blocks so-called "killer electrons," which whip around the planet at near-light speed and have been known to threaten astronauts, fry satellites and degrade space systems during intense solar storms. The barrier to the particle motion was discovered in the Van Allen radiation belts, two doughnut-shaped rings above Earth that are filled with high-energy electrons and protons, said Distinguished Professor Daniel Baker, director of CU-Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). Held in place by Earth's magnetic field, the Van Allen radiation belts periodically swell and shrink in response to incoming energy disturbances from the sun. As the first significant discovery of the space age, the Van Allen radiation belts were detected in 1958 by Professor James Van Allen and his team at the University of Iowa and were found to be composed of an inner and outer belt extending up to 25,000 miles above Earth's surface. In 2013, Baker -- who received his doctorate under Van Allen -- led a team that used the twin Van Allen Probes launched by NASA in 2012 to discover a third, transient "storage ring" between the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts that seems to come and go with the intensity of space weather. The latest mystery revolves around an "extremely sharp" boundary at the inner edge of the outer belt at roughly 7,200 miles in altitude that appears to block the ultrafast electrons from breeching the shield and moving deeper towards Earth's atmosphere. "It's almost like theses electrons are running into a glass wall in space," said Baker, the study's lead author. "Somewhat like the shields created by force fields on Star Trek that were used to repel alien weapons, we are seeing an invisible shield blocking these electrons. It's an extremely puzzling phenomenon." A paper on the subject was published in the Nov. 27 issue of Nature. The team originally thought the highly charged electrons, which are looping around Earth at more than 100,000 miles per second, would slowly drift downward into the upper atmosphere and gradually be wiped out by interactions with air molecules. But the impenetrable barrier seen by the twin Van Allen belt spacecraft stops the electrons before they get that far, said Baker. The group looked at a number of scenarios that could create and maintain such a barrier. The team wondered if it might have to do with Earth's magnetic field lines, which trap and control protons and electrons, bouncing them between Earth's poles like beads on a string. The also looked at whether radio signals from human transmitters on Earth could be scattering the charged electrons at the barrier, preventing their downward motion. Neither explanation held scientific water, Baker said. "Nature abhors strong gradients and generally finds ways to smooth them out, so we would expect some of the relativistic electrons to move inward and some outward," said Baker. "It's not obvious how the slow, gradual processes that should be involved in motion of these particles can conspire to create such a sharp, persistent boundary at this location in space." Another scenario is that the giant cloud of cold, electrically charged gas called the plasmasphere, which begins about 600 miles above Earth and stretches thousands of miles into the outer Van Allen belt, is scattering the electrons at the boundary with low frequency, electromagnetic waves that create a plasmapheric "hiss," said Baker. The hiss sounds like white noise when played over a speaker, he said. While Baker said plasmaspheric hiss may play a role in the puzzling space barrier, he believes there is more to the story. "I think the key here is to keep observing the region in exquisite detail, which we can do because of the powerful instruments on the Van Allen probes. If the sun really blasts Earth's magnetosphere with a coronal mass ejection (CME), I suspect it will breach the shield for a period of time," said Baker, also a faculty member in the astrophysical and planetary sciences department. "It's like looking at the phenomenon with new eyes, with a new set of instrumentation, which give us the detail to say, 'Yes, there is this hard, fast boundary,'" said John Foster, associate director of MIT's Haystack Observatory and a study co-author. Story Source: Materials provided by University of Colorado at Boulder. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Journal Reference: D. N. Baker, A. N. Jaynes, V. C. Hoxie, R. M. Thorne, J. C. Foster, X. Li, J. F. Fennell, J. R. Wygant, S. G. Kanekal, P. J. Erickson, W. Kurth, W. Li, Q. Ma, Q. Schiller, L. Blum, D. M. Malaspina, A. Gerrard, L. J. Lanzerotti. An impenetrable barrier to ultrarelativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts. Nature, 2014; 515 (7528): 531 DOI: 10.1038/nature13956 found that no matter where these electrons are circling ...

Privately… sure… with massive public funding, and governmental oversight.

Do have any idea of the technological improvements there have been 40 years ago not to mention all the previous research done by NASA that they can draw on.

@@jimbob4456 Yes, absolutely, it's why I made the comment. I didn't say they developed it all or built it all... just that they are doing it, within their means.

In fact, McDonnel Douglas built the DC-x delta clipper prototype between 1991 and 1993, Thirty years ago, and demonstrated the ability to propulsively land a rocket. And they didn’t do it within THEIR means. They did it with BILLIONS of OUR tax dollars and engineering assistance from NASA personnel. They were PAID by the government in advance to develop the rocket. Musk’s investment paid for exactly 4 launch attempts with Falcon 1. ( which was not reusable ) and with the 4rth launch making it to orbit, they were handed 2 billion dollars to continue development, and have been award numerous multibillion dollar contracts since. So, Public, not private monies, PAID for the development of a profitable rocket and a privately held corporation.

And even more impressive is that two more Falcons went up in the same week.

SpaceX literally ruined the coverage of this launch. It was the most infuriating SpaceX launch I think I've ever witnessed. Somebody over there needs fired.

@@-108- they honestly don't need to even try to compete and waste resources with their own footage at this point.

@@pinkfloyddwc Then they shouldn't broadcast launches at all. They need to make up their mind - sht or get off the pot. If they do broadcast, they need to do a better job, because it's abysmal and makes them look bad. If they don't, at least they aren't working against themselves.

how can you possibly call this footage fantastic when it is cut together from camera to camera - the camera shot change , every few seconds reduces the launch to an event like its some cgi clip............ no need for such changes , so quickly - terrible footage

Thanks !!

In your face China

Agreed!

We ARE

Disciplined minds

Agreed! It's just an incredible development, we are literally watching science fiction becoming science fact, I can't imagine what the next 20 years will bring for space flight!

I am, it's so amazing to watch a rocket land.

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Can see the computer keeping it on course reptro blast

Thanks Bob!!

Thank You!

Thanks!