Very well done. An excellent review for someone at the M3-M4 level.

Thank you for this educational video.

sir,its was really helpful and very knowledgeable, i m so glad to see such efforts from you,thank you so much,many many loves👍👍👑👑

From UpToDate: Membranous defects - Membranous VSDs lie just beneath the aortic valve and behind the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Because multiple factors are involved in embryologic closure of the region encompassing the membranous septum, this region is the most common site for clinically significant VSDs (component 3 with extension to component 2) (figure 1). Defects in this region are referred to as membranous defects, and also are called perimembranous, conoventricular, or subaortic VSDs. Often these defects extend into the inlet or muscular septum, and can undergo partial or complete closure by apposition of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, forming a tricuspid valve "pouch" or "aneurysm of the ventricular septum" [5-8]. Less commonly, they can be closed by prolapse of an aortic cusp into the defect [9]. Occasionally, these defects can be associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and coarctation of the aorta. Because the bundle of His lies in a subendocardial position and courses along the posterior-inferior margin of the defect, heart block is a potential surgical complication [10]. ●Muscular defects - Muscular defects can be located along the right ventricular free wall-septal junction (marginal muscular defects), in the central muscular septum, or in the apical septum (component 2) (figure 1). Small muscular defects are even more common in very premature infants. Muscular defects often close spontaneously [11]. In particular, central muscular VSDs are more likely to close spontaneously and earlier than other muscular types of VSDs [12]. Multiple muscular defects, referred to as "Swiss cheese" septum, have the same net functional effect as a single large defect [13]. Apical defects may be covered by thick trabeculations of the right ventricle, making visualization difficult during right-sided surgical repair [2]. (See 'Pathophysiology' below.)

As non medical audience, I found it tailored to a medical one as intended. I'd appreciate more specific information, more details, more cases, statistics, info. I understand these would be referenced by med papers hence subject to modification as new studies emerge. Thanks for allowing non medicals to access this presentation

Thanx for the lesson

thank u so much!

thank you

thank you for the great video !

thank you sir .... i have underwent vsd open heart surgery 20 years back and am 30years old now .. am healthy and fit . can i hit the gym . is der any way to get rid of scar on my cheast

Thank you sir 😇

isn't the perimembranouse VSD the most common? like it's written in all of my books?

is there arecomendation for a reduction in the occurance of pA hypertension by medical treatment not surgical

I Really enjoyed this lecture, I have created a lecture of my own as well, but would really like a video that encompasses CHD in low resource settings. :)

Wow, this was good... I hope you can include another session on clinical cardiological findings of VSD as well, like nature of s1 , s2 at different areas, additional mumurs other than PSM and their location .

One can add after load reducers like captopril and cardiac glycosides digoxin in management

Thanks for this simplified video, but I think it would be better if you updated it especially the types of VSD..Thnx

Can we have a detailed lecture series on every pediatric ailments, please?

I had this and it wasn’t found until the age of 14, luckily I had a device put in place a couple months after it was found

Give some detailing about how the medical therapies works ... if u can!!

Tq

I suppose, most common VSD in pediatric is muscular, (often closes on its own) . Most common VSD seen in Adults is perimembranous.

what is the restrictive and non restrictive vsd

May i be clarified. what causes an increase in metabolic demand? also, how does an increase in pulmonary blood flow cause an increase in metabolic demand? are we talking acid-base imbalances?

When I was 6 years old I was suspected of having a hole because I was pidgeon chested a pediatric cardiogist said my heart was normal I've never heard that a pidgeon chest was a symptom the pidgeon chest corrected itself

What happens when interventricular septum is absent?

most literature i have read mentioned the most common VSD membraneous how come this is different?

I have a cardiovascular condition called pulmonary hypothesis.

In GHAI book of paediatric .. it says membranous is most common🤔

Hi, if my child had an echogenic intracardiac focus detected at 20 weeks ultrasound and now at 23 weeks ultrasound we find two tiny holes in the ventricle (VSD), is that a sign that the child might have down syndrome? I am 39 years old and am having my child via a surrogate and a donor egg. Unfortunately, during the COVID-19 restrictions, I am not allowed to go to the doctor's appointments. I'm of middle eastern descent and the donor egg is from a 25-year-old Irish-German background healthy donor. The embryos were both grade 4AA (at 11 weeks, the younger one's heart stopped beating). Everything else seemed normal but since I'm not at the appointment and the child usually is laying with his spine on the back of the surrogate's back, they say it's harder to get all anatomy views, but still, they say his proportions are normal.

Kadenang gingto

My father is going for surgery to get this fixed any good vibes someone can comment would be appreciated

I have this and i cant be in the army because of it lmao

2mm hole in Perimembranous vsd 1month baby closed naturally or any treatment plz reply this save my child

My book says membranous more common . .

Dr David Bailly. Please stop giving incorrect information. In which universe is muscular vsd most common. Arghhhh