Why The First Computers Were Made Out Of Light Bulbs

Рет қаралды 5,359,456

Күн бұрын

Lightbulbs might be the best idea ever - just not for light. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
A huge thanks to David Lovett for showing me his awesome relay and vacuum tube based computers. Check out his KZfaq channel @UsagiElectric
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References:
Herring, C., & Nichols, M. H. (1949). Thermionic emission. Reviews of modern physics, 21(2), 185. - ve42.co/Herring1949
Goldstine, H. H., & Goldstine, A. (1946). The electronic numerical integrator and computer (eniac). Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, 2(15), 97-110. - ve42.co/ENIAC
Shannon, C. E. (1938). A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits. Electrical Engineering, 57(12), 713-723. - ve42.co/Shannon38
Boole, G. (1847). The mathematical analysis of logic. Philosophical Library. - ve42.co/Boole1847
The world’s first general purpose computer turns 75 - ve42.co/ENIAC2
Dylla, H. F., & Corneliussen, S. T. (2005). John Ambrose Fleming and the beginning of electronics. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 23(4), 1244-1251. - ve42.co/Dylla2005
Stibitz, G. R. (1980). Early computers. In A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century (pp. 479-483). Academic Press.
ENIAC’s Hydrogen Bomb Calculations - ve42.co/ENIAC3
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Emil Abu Milad, Tj Steyn, meg noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Benedikt Heinen, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy ‘kkm’ K’Nelson, Sam Lutfi.
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Written by Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller and Kovi Rose
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli
Filmed by Derek Muller & Raquel Nuno
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, & Emily Zhang
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci

Пікірлер: 6 400

@uiouio1891 Жыл бұрын

Light bulbs were such a good idea, they became the symbol for good ideas

@geoquerry Жыл бұрын

🤣🤣🤣 that's cool

@Rory626 Жыл бұрын

Galaxy brain comment

@yuanwang9324 Жыл бұрын

here before 10k likes

@octogintillion Жыл бұрын

💡

@Noname-cp3zm Жыл бұрын

Copied comment

@Life_42 Жыл бұрын

My mind is constantly blown how far humans have come in the last 100 years. Edit: Great to see awesome comments here. The goal is to become a peaceful species to explore the cosmos. Let's overcome the great filter!

@salwaabusaad9819 Жыл бұрын

Same 😅

@spontaneousbootay Жыл бұрын

Thats the power of communication

@Dont_Read_My_Picture Жыл бұрын

Don't read my name!...

@HowDoYouUseSpaceBar Жыл бұрын

@@Dont_Read_My_Picture 100 years of progress and we end up with *this*

@Fantastic_Mr_Fox Жыл бұрын

It's comforting to know that for 99% of the problems humanity faces today, an amelioration or even a straight fix is due in the next century. Really makes you optimistic for the future. Do not quote me on that number ;)

@crawfordharris4795 10 күн бұрын

I designed and built my first computer with vacuum tubes in 1957. Being a ham radio operator I knew a little about electronics. Also, I was a lazy math and physics major. There were 2 computers in town. One belonged the TVA. Being a part of the government, I was refused access. The other belonged to the largest bank in town. It took up the entire 3rd floor of one of their buildings downtown. They explained how it worked. Several friends contributed tubes. Large and not exactly cost efficient, it did less than my slide rule. It did give me a bit of a leg up years later in getting a job with an airline as an assembly language core programmer on IBM 360s.

@swiftmatic 9 ай бұрын

I was a kid when solid-state electronics were replacing vacuum tubes in consumer products. I remember that radio and TV repair was a widespread cottage industry. The best in that field were able to adapt and stay afloat, until the advent of integrated circuits.Great video 👍👍

@TomLeg 8 ай бұрын

I enjoyed taking the back off our television, gathering all the tubes, and going down to the drug store to test them on the tube tester ... even when the tv was working fine.

@terryscott5568 3 ай бұрын

If you could repair a TV you could work for a big name company going to hospitals installing, repairing and maintaining high end medical x-ray. You were a hero and even the Doctors worshiped you. We were networking image transfers before they knew what to call it. We could do 3D imaging using analog video. You got the image in a day or two because computers were too slow. CT, computed tomography was invented by an engineer that worked at the EMI recording studios. Then the companies handed out laptops and said figure it out. Dial up. The blood ran despite how hard we tried to reprogram those folks. Now the software and every other kind of repair are two disciplines. Benjamin Franklin was your last renascence man that could know enough of everything to function in any subject. Its only going to get worse. How long before you ask your computer "Whats wrong?' A you have to decide if you can trust it. I'm hanging on by my finger nails.

@brandonwhiting4579 3 ай бұрын

@@terryscott5568A lot of fields are requiring the specialties to know so much more than ever before to function. Medicine is a field that suffers this from so much advancement. It is a blessing and a curse. To graduate medical school Doctors are required to know magnitudes more than doctors just 30 years ago due to the huge advancements in research. It is absurd really.

@FlorinSutu 3 ай бұрын

When you replace a vacuum tube with another of identical type (same code on label), you can be sure that the properties are the same. This is an advantage of the tubes. When you replace a transistor with another of identical type, the replacement should be first measured, if matching the properties is paramount. Also, a sound amplifier with vacuum tubes does not have that background noise notable in those using transistors, when the amplification is at maximum.

@charliecarrot Жыл бұрын

I've lived my whole life hearing about vacuum tubes and never really knowing how they work. This was an amazing presentation connecting lightbulbs to transistors. I'm stunned.

@simonhenry7867 Жыл бұрын

Everyone understands mechanical computers, then school skips vacuum tubes because we don't use them anymore, and jumps to digital circuits, honestly if I had this video I would prob have got digiy

@Follower_Of_Xi_Jinping_Pooh Жыл бұрын

@@simonhenry7867 Agreed. I know vacuum tubes was the predecessor of the transistor and functioned very similarly, but never know how it works.

@ComputersAndLife Жыл бұрын

If you've ever gotten into guitar amps, you'll still hear people say that tube amps sound warmer. Still plenty of people using tubes. Tubes are still often the best way to amplify very high wattage radio signals.

@abhishekkushwaha3462 Жыл бұрын

I think if you really want to understand something well, just start from its origin.. go to its history.

@HereToSin Жыл бұрын

@@abhishekkushwaha3462 Truly outstanding point! Personally found this method of finding out 'how or why was this thing invented in the first place?' really great approach to learning many new topics!

@JonLusk Жыл бұрын

As a Computer Engineer, I would like to thank you for illuminating the origins of my profession. This was an exceptional, historical documentary.

@pepesreal Жыл бұрын

You’re welcome

@scrible1073 Жыл бұрын

Eyyyy illuminating! I get the joke! HAHAHA

@frostfamily5321 Жыл бұрын

What would also be illuminating is if you explain the quantum physics of transistors and maybe even laser keyboards!

@aniksamiurrahman6365 Жыл бұрын

I, personally think, a better origin of computer and automation can be found in Looms, specially Jaquered looms. And I'll also advise u to not take Veritassium seriously. I mean not even as a good entertainment.

@JonLusk Жыл бұрын

@@frostfamily5321 It doesn't take quantum physics to explain the operation of a transistor. Someone well-versed in quantum physics might have something to add to the conversation, but the operation is currently well understood.

@yoface2537 Ай бұрын

As someone who programs, the title made absolute sense to me, as anyone who codes knows you almost never know what actually is going wrong when something does, so writing code that gives you cues of at which point the code breaks, in a more analog design, using lightbulbs as status indicators makes a lot of sense

@gkossatzgmxde 8 ай бұрын

The Z3 was a German electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2,600 relays, implementing a 22-bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5-10 Hz.

@myid9876543 6 ай бұрын

The Japanese also developed a relay computer very early on

@bsadewitz 6 ай бұрын

@@myid9876543IIRC the Japanese one is the most advanced relay computer ever produced.

@scopestacker9787 3 ай бұрын

But not Turing complete

@FlorinSutu 3 ай бұрын

The smart German guy who created Z3 was very young, a fresh graduate. He was conscripted and sent to the front line! After a few months, it was realized that he was more useful back home, as engineer, than on the front line as soldier. Fortunately, he did not die during his deployment.

@klausstock8020 3 ай бұрын

@@scopestacker9787 The Z3 was not designed to be Turing complete; they didn't need it. In 1998 it was discovered that the Z3 was actually Turing complete. As it wasn't designed to be Turing complete, coding branches is unintuitive and complicated.

@caodesignworks2407 Жыл бұрын

Seeing the progress of computers laid out in a timeline is one of the most fascinating things to me. I've probably seen/ read the story about a dozen times and it's still interesting

@cabasse_music Жыл бұрын

same!! i'm in my late 30s here and the first time i read about it was in david macauley's 'the way things work' - a book i got as a christmas gift when i was probably 8 or 9. i found the description of this early computer extremely fascinating.

@LuisSierra42 Жыл бұрын

The computer saga

@h8GW Жыл бұрын

I can barely understand the logic behind it all and *_I still_* find it interesting -until thinking about it gets too hard and something else grabs my attention.-

@monad_tcp Жыл бұрын

Its even cooler trying to replicate it, like Usagi did.

@duroxkilo Жыл бұрын

the progress just keeps going... the transistor and then the programming of the computers is probably our greatest achievement as a species. we are still in the phase of implementing this invention, we haven't seen "anything" yet. :)

@miinyoo Жыл бұрын

I have to give mad props to your editor/animator(s). They do such a tremendous job distilling your scripts into visual language even though we all know none of this is actually classical mechanics at its roots. The classicality of it is emergent and the art style helps with that even though it is not explicitly said.

@shayorshayorshayor Жыл бұрын

OK tHERE Mr critique

@archimedus1971 Жыл бұрын

@Repent and believe in Jesus Christ Bad bot...

@Kyuubey0406 Жыл бұрын

@Repent and believe in Jesus Christ goku solos

@GrugTheJust Жыл бұрын

Speaking of, let me know if that water drop bit IS in fact morse code, or am I loosing my mind.

@buth82 Жыл бұрын

@tobiaschristo 10 ай бұрын

Dude, I’ve watched so many of your videos, and you are one of my absolute favorite channels on KZfaq. Your team does such an amazing job between research, writing, producing, editing, etc… Veritasium makes GREAT content! Please keep doing what you’re doing! Thanks!

@cheeseburger9363 9 ай бұрын

Nice

@tpar2437 6 ай бұрын

Nice

@BobRoss4Life 3 ай бұрын

Nice

@nolenrobinson8900 3 ай бұрын

Nice

@dillengertappa3607 3 ай бұрын

Nice

@user-yj6xo1bu9q Ай бұрын

Vote for making video about silicon computers😊

@serae6184 8 күн бұрын

Linus tech tips has hundreds of those

@PrasannaMestha Жыл бұрын

Mad props to Veritassium for explaining such a complex subject in such a simplified manner. Brilliant!

@justingolden21 Жыл бұрын

Every. Single. Time.

@pepesreal Жыл бұрын

You’re welcome

@unnikrishnanvr186 Жыл бұрын

@@justingolden21 Oh hey! Its moist critical

@RyanSchlesinger Жыл бұрын

.org!

@Player_is_I Жыл бұрын

Ikr

@alaam.abojaish5636 2 ай бұрын

As a 3rd year Electrical Electronics Engineering student, I can say that this video is by far the best video that made me finally understand all these theoretical concepts we took in our lessons, you are a true genius

@AmanVerma-iy6rv Жыл бұрын

As a electronics student I knew what vacuum tubes are but finding out the history behind them was super interesting.

@jaredf6205 Жыл бұрын

I think it’s interesting to realize that Tesla‘s invention of the radio would end up relying on an invention of Edison’s, the lightbulb, and a discovery by Edison that he only discovered because of his refusal to use Tesla’s AC, which led to first being used as a device to convert AC to DC, Lol, and then to create another device to amplify radio transmissions and then used to receive and play radio transmissions on a radios speaker.

@acewmd. Жыл бұрын

@@jaredf6205if those two had gotten along we might not have gotten as far. Ironically the competition of one upping each other’s inventions was the driving force for advancement. Like most things competition is good for advancement.

@bramfran4326 Жыл бұрын

We found the way to connect the seemingly irrelevant pieces of the puzzle.

@NunoCordeiroPT Жыл бұрын

I came here to say this. I knew about vacuum tubes and I knew they were rudimentary BJTs. But it was awesome learning the history and the details.

@Mon-gm7rk Жыл бұрын

i know about them and have even "messed around" with them, because i work with audio/music related stuff. The audio and music industry still uses them, they can produce the same quality of audio than a transistor based system, and they have a very "unique" kind of touch added to the sound. its usually described as a warm super subtle distortion in audio that's very pleasant, and its imposible to emulate trough digital stuff. even music from your phone going trough an vacuum tube desk amplifier will sound very crispy in the most pleasant way there could be. i know it sounds exaggerated, but if you got good ears and know what you're hearing, you'll see that it's different.

@CrippledMerc Жыл бұрын

This makes me think about the people who built calculators and computers in Minecraft using the in-game “electricity” system called Redstone. It started as just making switches that could automatically open doors when you hit a button or stepped on a pressure plate to trigger it, but it eventually grew into more and more complicated electric systems until people eventually built calculators and even computers in the game. I remember seeing a video where someone built a computer in Minecraft that was running Minecraft itself in a scaled down version, on a screen made of Minecraft blocks. Someone even built a computer that was able to connect to the internet and they were able to order a pizza through the game that then was delivered to their house. I’m sure by now people have built huge and even more complex computing systems in the game and I have no idea what their capabilities even are at this point.

@TheOriginalMacOS 11 ай бұрын

the pizza thing was a mod called web displays. you cant connect to the internet using minecraft redstone

@CrippledMerc 11 ай бұрын

@@TheOriginalMacOS I’m aware they can’t connect directly to the internet through in-game stuff alone, but they still had to build the thing in the game to interface with it.

@TheOriginalMacOS 11 ай бұрын

@@CrippledMerc it was just a portal frame thing, it was just like lighting a nether portal, the mod was what did the web browser

@CrippledMerc 11 ай бұрын

@@TheOriginalMacOS Pretty sure in the video I saw years ago they built a computer in game that used the mod to show the web browser and connect to the internet.

@tomlewis4205 11 ай бұрын

😮🤯😳

@donavan1010 2 ай бұрын

For the record I have worked in IT for over 30 years and this is the first explanation of how we got from light bulbs to circuits that actually made sense. Showing the model K went a long way to understanding it.

@el_15_gato 3 ай бұрын

semi conductors are just magic

@cf2851 20 күн бұрын

Magic is science we don't understand yet.

@hackcrew42 Жыл бұрын

As someone who works for a commercial and industrial lighting agency, I love this. Such a great history lesson. This is the kind of Veritasium video I love to see!

@JokeswithMitochondria Жыл бұрын

without a doubt

@tomhappening Жыл бұрын

@@JokeswithMitochondria funny username lol

@sterlingarcher8041 Жыл бұрын

@@JokeswithMitochondria ur username actually made me click on ur profile. Love ur content hahaha. Funny stuff

@zes7215 Жыл бұрын

wrr

@Better_Call_Bulba-Saur Жыл бұрын

I have never seen the development of computers explained this fundamentally before. Thank you.

@bzuidgeest Жыл бұрын

Then you must have been born yesterday or missed a lot😂

@zefellowbud5970 Жыл бұрын

@@bzuidgeest well sir not everyone is a nerd like us.

@bzuidgeest Жыл бұрын

@@zefellowbud5970 come on, basic schoolbooks provide the same explanation. Maybe American schoolbooks are suffering from all the book banning. Turing was gay, so maybe he is forbidden as, to woke 🤣

@Sniperboy5551 Жыл бұрын

@bzuidgeest I think you hit the nail on the head. The American public education system keeps going further and further downhill. I’m a proud American, but even I know that our country is doomed if something doesn’t change soon.

@sankang9425 Жыл бұрын

@@bzuidgeest If you didn't know American School Systems were bad you must've born yesterday 😂😂

@werwerwer60 6 ай бұрын

No mention to Konrad Zuse? He did even relay computers with floating point numbers. See the Z2 from 1940 and Z3 1938-1941. He made the Z1 mechanical computer in 1936-1938.

@slevinchannel7589 3 ай бұрын

Lets say im Timetraveler: How do i BEST explain the Ancient-People (lets say Medival Times) the Concept? Not the Details, but the Concept

@egerlachca 11 ай бұрын

I loved this video. I didn't know half of what you taught about the history of the triode. My one complaint is that the British Colossus Mark I predated ENIAC by 2 years, though it was kept classified for another 50+ so it isn't as widely known. Would love to see a video from you about Enigma, Colossus, and all the math and science that went into WWII codebreaking.

@TristanCleveland 10 ай бұрын

Yes! Please a video on WWII codebreaking and how it led to the invention of the computer!

@lidianemonteiro7168 10 ай бұрын

@simongrimmett1 9 ай бұрын

Please, would love to see that!

@1pcfred 8 ай бұрын

Colossus could only perform one task. It was not a general purpose programmable computer. The Brits certainly understood the theory of computers. They were just too bloody poor to actually build one. Which is why the Americans were first.

@yogibarista2818 3 ай бұрын

Colossus certainly predated ENIAC as a vacuum-tube computer, but was a single purpose (decoding German Lorenz cipher) and not otherwise comparable.

@taylorbrown9849 Жыл бұрын

As a guy who majored in computer science, I gotta say this is one of the coolest videos I've seen in the KZfaq science community in a while. I never made the connection between lightbulbs and the invention of vacuum tube based machines. Thank you Derek for putting together this amazing narrative for the fundamental turning point of electronic computer history!

@thespacejedi Жыл бұрын

A little odd that they didn't teach you this in computer science

@kintamas4425 Жыл бұрын

@@thespacejedi eh, I think they just teach it to electrical engineers probably. They probably want more Software Engineers than Computer Scientists, so things like understanding the nitty gritty gets tossed aside (or I just haven't taken the relevant course. There is a course called digital circuits that I think I'm supposed to take.)

@jpisello 11 ай бұрын

@@kintamas4425 Well, I _did_ take Digital Circuits (back in 1987), and we didn't learn about vacuum tubes (though we learned about transistors).

@kintamas4425 11 ай бұрын

@@jpisello oh transistors are covered? That’s good. I’ve been trying to learn about them/read up on them, and it’s been slow going. The only thing I know so far is that there are numerous kinds of transistors. So far, my understanding is that for turning off a transistor maybe the middle portion of the transistor gets a counterbalance of voltage to make it so that no difference of voltage exists for a current to run across the transistor. Is this the case? That would mean keeping a transistor off would actually cost energy. Do transistors have a capacitor be the key to whether they’re switched on or off? To switch them off the part behind the dielectric (of air or maybe silicon) would be made into whatever charge so that no difference of voltage exists for a current to flow across. And when they want it to turn on then they make a difference appear by change the charge.

@bakkeclerens 10 ай бұрын

I felt exacly the same way

@Soul-Burn Жыл бұрын

Interesting trivia: The first "computer bug" was a literal moth stuck in a relay in one of these relay calculators!

@Dont_Read_My_Picture Жыл бұрын

Don't read my name!...

@ELBARTOmovies Жыл бұрын

I've waited for the moment that this fact gets dropped in this video! Thx for mentioning :D

@RecursiveTriforce Жыл бұрын

Nope. That's most likely myth. Research it! The name was probably around earlier. But the moth incident is most likely real.

@kealeradecal6091 Жыл бұрын

It was grace gopper, and coined this malfunction as bug

@daviddavidson2357 Жыл бұрын

The term was around before computers were a thing. It had to do with buzzing interference noises on phone lines which sounded like buzzing insects. Debugging referred to fixing the interference.

@SaraHA2371 11 ай бұрын

I'm surprised you didn't mention Alan Turring at all.

@stuartsmith7907 Ай бұрын

Yankers wouldn't do that, they think they invented computers😂

@SurnaturalM 19 күн бұрын

When I learnt electronic, vacuum tubes/valves were still widespread, so we learnt to fix both solid state and tube decices. The first thing I learnt was that it was rarely a tube that was wrong, often it was a resistor or a paper capacitor, but since the customers complained about how a small part was so expensive, we also replaced a few tubes, even if they were fine, so they won't complain too much. The customers didn't pay me for parts, unless it's a crazy expensive one, they paid for the knowledge I have accumulated over the years. It takes time to be a good electronic technician, that's why I demand a certain price. I had the chance to learn both solid state and tube so I could fix both.

@MonkeyJedi99 Жыл бұрын

When I was a kid in the early 1970's, our Zenith TV had a LOT of vacuum tubes in it. We even had a monthly (I think) visit from a technician who would check the condition of each of the vacuum tubes and replace the ones that were failing. I was very young and dumb and assumed that he was putting new television programs in the TV for us. I held this belief until I saw "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory" (the one with Gene Wilder in the title role). That movie had a scene that explained how TV programs got to your TV and Wonka's invention of sending chocolate bars via a similar technology.

@raffriff42 Жыл бұрын

In those days hardware stores sold replacement tubes, and they would have a "self service tube tester." (I'll pause while you do an image search…) You would yank all the tubes out of your broken radio or TV, bring them into the store, test them, and of course, replace any the machine told you was "bad."

@h8GW Жыл бұрын

And people today complain that modern microprocessor-controlled electronics are unreliable.....🙄

@stevesether Жыл бұрын

@@raffriff42 I recall a hardware store that had one of these giant testers in the hallway of the mall it was located in up to the early to mid 80s. I can't say I ever saw anyone use it back then of course, as nobody used vacuum tube TVs by then. But the device sat their in disuse for quite a while.

@Zyo117 Жыл бұрын

Back in the day before things were made intentionally difficult or impossible to replace or fix. Nowadays, if something goes wrong in your TV even finding a repairman would be difficult. Most people just get a new TV.

@Hawk7886 Жыл бұрын

This story becomes a fanciful "grandpa tale" if Right to Repair fails =(

@Pamudder Жыл бұрын

My father was a professor at Cornell University, and I have some memories from the early era of computers. My father acquired for his office in about 1960 a purely mechanical calculator made by Friden that could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and, COMPUTE A SQUARE ROOT. It was about twice the size of an electric typewriter, very noisy in operation, and cost the then-huge sum of $1300. I also remember being taken in about 1958, as a very small child, to see Cornell's first electronic computer, running on banks of vacuum tubes and pretty much filling a former engineering school machine shop,

@tymofei8586 Жыл бұрын

ur so lucky

@miyamoto900 Жыл бұрын

U still have that calculator?

@Pamudder Жыл бұрын

@@miyamoto900 Heavens no. To start with, it was always property of the university.

@miyamoto900 Жыл бұрын

@@Pamudder can we steal it ? What would it take ? Please make a plan and inform me at earliest. Yours truly, Miyamoto.

@2nostromo Жыл бұрын

@@miyamoto900 I have a tesla model 3. I'll drive getaway, deal?

@w2tty 11 ай бұрын

Very well done. As someone totally interested in vacuum tubes, radios and computers, you linked it all together in a way that my family can understand. I look forward to the next part, where you connect it to semiconductors and transistors (fingers crossed)!

@Mistermodcreator 10 ай бұрын

The first functioning digital universal Computer was actually the Zuse Z3, built in Germany by Konrad Zuse. It was functioning in 1941.

@davidioanhedges 3 ай бұрын

It wasn't universal ... it wasn't needed so Conrad Zuse didn't bother ...

@Mistermodcreator 2 ай бұрын

@@davidioanhedgesI could be wrong, but I think I remember from a school work I did about Zuse that there actually was a trick to make the Z3 universal (wasn't known at the time though).

@guarmiron5557 3 ай бұрын

I visited a Dew Line radar base just after they had switched from vacuum tube computers to new computers for the time (1980). They took us (Air Cadets) into a gymnasium size room filled with tight pack rows of vacuum tubes reaching to the ceiling. After they took us into another room and showed us this small refrigerator size box and told us that it did the same job as the gymnasium size computer. It was an amazing vision of the future of computer miniaturization.

@BBROPHOTO Жыл бұрын

This is one of your videos that could have been 2 hours and it wouldn’t have felt long enough! This was amazing! Thank you so much.

@DaanBrandt Жыл бұрын

Amen yess a three hour movies would maybe be enough it really was great.

@Justmebeingme37 Жыл бұрын

Hmm...I felt he rambled on too much already

@captainoates7236 Жыл бұрын

The title made me think that the light bulb had some relavance in todays world apart from the historical progression thing. Does anyone know where this technology is still current?😁 Apologies if I missed something, I promise I watched the whole thing.

@bbjygm Жыл бұрын

@@captainoates7236 based on the video, he spent a lot of it showing how the light bulb was one of the milestone inventions along the path toward computers. He didn't show a lot of other ways it's used which is a shame because he could pick any other invention along the chain and do the same thing as this video and have the same basis to call that thing the greatest invention.

@Player_is_I Жыл бұрын

Ikr

@concinnity9676 Жыл бұрын

Hi Derek, I'm a semiconductor Electrical Engineer. I also look forward to your silicon video(s). I have often imagined how to animate a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). The electron would be a circle of one color, the hole a different color. During recombination, the colors disappear into the background. I'm sure you will explain what took me some time to learn. The reason the charge carriers get through the base into the collector is diffusion! The importance of emitter injection efficiency might be out of scope. Another in the series might show how the photo-voltaic diode works, the light making electron-hole pairs (EHP)s, and that makes power how?

@sonycans Жыл бұрын

I remember my old professor teaching me the differences in semiconductor transistors... I never fell more in love with the MOSFET and its design although delicate in nature.

@connorpage5883 Жыл бұрын

What’s your major?

@FoxMacLeod2501 Жыл бұрын

Setting aside your grammar (unless English is not your first language?), I agree: I, too, am enthusiastically looking forward to the follow-up video that, hopefully, will feature Derek explaining solid-state electronics in a similar manner!

@kamabokogonpachiro6797 Жыл бұрын

i only read till the first 5 words

@josephbigler Жыл бұрын

I too would like to see a similar video on transistors. I have never quite understood how the small current at the junction can effectively amplify the current passing through the transistor. Really enjoyed this video. I went into electronics in 1974 via the United States Air Force. This was about the beginning of the end of vacuum tube usage. Still, in some cases it was still more cost effective to maintain old equipment and perform preventive maintenance on it than to buy new. I had a piece of equipment made in 1940 that was still there when I left in 1982😊 The transition from vacuum tubes to transistors necessitated a career change for some TV repairman because some could not quite figure out how to troubleshoot transistors. I was always proud of my uncle Dave. He grew up during the depression, and with a High School education taught himself enough electronics to start a radio and TV repair shop on the side. He kept on going even with the change. I talked to him about transistors. He said it was a bit difficult at first, but he was determined to understand them. He was one of people other repairmen in the area called when they needed help with a particularly difficult problem.

@williamhoward7121 10 ай бұрын

My father had an electronic shop back in the '70s and I would assist him in going to houses and doing in home television repairs. We had a tube tester that allowed you to put in the tube number and it would tell you if it was good or bad. We also had a television picture to rejuvenator which he did the picture to filaments up burning off any buildup. It always amazes me the amount of heat that came off these things. You didn't awesome job of presenting this by the way!

@sg39g Ай бұрын

These vacuum tubes are magnificent! Especially on the hood of a DeLorean!

@PresTeddy1901 Жыл бұрын

One thing I really appreciate about Veritasium is how it explores the history of science; highlighting the people who made these discoveries. It's a great reminder that our modern world didn't just randomly pop into existence one day.

@old-moose Жыл бұрын

The memories: In high school 4 of us tried to build a "computer" with pinball game relays. Load &slow. We got it to add, subtract, & multiply. We graduated before getting it to divide. Later as a college instructor, I built a spreadsheet to demonstrate how computers calculated. It still amazes me how computers can do anything with such a limited number of basic tricks. My head is hurting again!

@lavishlavon Жыл бұрын

well you tried and you failed

@realtechhacks Жыл бұрын

@@lavishlavon Bro got three out of 4 operations working. I won't assume, but I'm betting more than you could do as a highschooler.

@Wulthrin Жыл бұрын

my grandpa called them "confusers"

@lavishlavon Жыл бұрын

@@realtechhacks and whose fault is that? 3 out of 4..the guy failed and he failed hard. nothing to go bragging about

@colbyboucher6391 Жыл бұрын

@@lavishlavon Lmao what??

@ojbeez5260 6 ай бұрын

this has to be one of the most underrated videos on YT....amazing when you think about it! YT and entirety of modern life inc. social media would not be possible without it!

@gingaming_gg 9 ай бұрын

I don't know how I took so long to find this channel, but this is definitely worthy of my time. Thanks for breaking these things down into a simple but fun way.

@DarrenGedye Жыл бұрын

I was born in 1968. My mother was a Comptometer operator ( a mechanical adding machine), and my father was mad about electronics. I grew up surrounded by vacuum tubes, but I don't think I really understood them until watching this video! Thank you for your amazing content.

@unnamedchannel1237 11 ай бұрын

Your mother was a mechanical adding machine ?

@DarrenGedye 11 ай бұрын

@unnamedchannel1237 I suppose that is a _possible_ interpretation of my statement. Another slightly more _plausible_ interpretation is that she was the *operator* of a mechanical adding machine.

@Robostate 8 ай бұрын

I was also born in 1968. Specifically November 17. My dad first bought our (my) first computer on my 13th birthday. AI will be for STEM geeks in 2023 what BASIC was to computer geeks in 1981.

@meepferret 8 ай бұрын

My mom's best friend was also a Comptometer operator for Bacardi. That helped them get hotel rooms in Puerto Rico when others were turned away!

@MarvinHartmann452 7 ай бұрын

@@unnamedchannel1237Yeah. My mother was in fact an actual mechanic adding machine, always busy with spending and budgets or something. My father called her "cranky" sometimes..

@gamersincepong Жыл бұрын

I look forward to the next video in this evolution, because after this comes the transistor. I think it could be argued that the biggest milestones in human history are the mastery of fire, the printing press, the discovery of penicillin, and the invention of the transistor. There are literally billions of transistors used in our everyday life, yet very few are aware of how much they have changed the world.

@photonjones5908 Жыл бұрын

They have all certainly hastened the end of our trajectory on this planet. It is interssting you left out the internal combustion engine.

@renerpho Жыл бұрын

About 10 sextillion transistors have been made since they were invented in 1947.

@a.t652 Жыл бұрын

Don't forget the disco ball

@glitch1182 Жыл бұрын

Discrete transistors have nothing on integrated circuits.

@doomtho42 Жыл бұрын

I would probably add internal combustion and agriculture (I’m not 100% certain here, but I believe it was the advent of crop rotation that first enabled long-term/perpetual human settlement), but yeah, you’re definitely not wrong!

@valueofnothing2487 10 ай бұрын

I have never seen such a simple and clear description of the inner workings of a tube.

@sixpackplays7539 5 ай бұрын

I was recently at an antique store and they had old radios that had lightbulbs in them

@novuml1690 Жыл бұрын

03:18 THE FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER!!!

@bob456fk6 Жыл бұрын

Over the years I've designed circuits with vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits. It's incredible how rapidly technology has evolved.

@LuxWad 10 ай бұрын

I've been following this channel's videos on vaccuum-tube computers for a while now, it's really awesome to see this video!

@Chanbro4 11 ай бұрын

Huge Respect for those who involved in to this project

@JoFreddieRevDr Жыл бұрын

Colossus was a set of vacuum tubes based computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943-1945 BEFORE ENIAC. Colossus is regarded as the world's first PROGRAMMABLE, electronic, digital computer, it was programmed by switches and plugs

@Dont_Read_My_Picture Жыл бұрын

Don't read my name!...

@abarratt8869 Жыл бұрын

That's true, but I note he carefully said "programmable" computer. Colossus wasn't programmable. However, Colossus would have been worth a mention, simply because it was that endeavour that worked out how to reliably use thousands of valves in a single machine (i.e. never turn it off). I don't know if Eniac benefited from this or whether they had to work it out for themselves. Arguably, demonstrating that electronics could be reliable enough for practical use was as important as being the first electronic computer. Had it been built and been impractical because tubes kept blowing, maybe no one would have bothered to build another. What Colossus was was fast. When the designs finally became public, sometime in the late 1990s I think, the first thing someone did was write a piece of software for a PC to emulate it. I can remember reading that it ran not significantly faster than a real Colossus, even though a mid-1990s PC had 50 years of computation development in its favour.

@k4it4n Жыл бұрын

It was kept secret until the 1970s though, so it didn't have as much of an impact on the development of computers as ENIAC

@nedolium Жыл бұрын

And before both was the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (or the ABC for short) built over at Iowa Stat University.

@JoFreddieRevDr Жыл бұрын

@@abarratt8869 Colossus is regarded as the world's first PROGRAMMABLE, electronic, digital computer, it was programmed by switches and plugs

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 Жыл бұрын

I find it awesome that Stibitz built his circuit in his kitchen out of some spare parts he had lying around. The DIY spirit is what gets things done.

@PramochanYaan 3 ай бұрын

I've seen videos about vacuum tubes before but the story at the beginning of this video got it so intuitively!!

@ashesdowns9635 9 ай бұрын

Most Excellent Vid, concise and very informative. Born in 1963 I grew up when vacuum tubes were still in use (but then again, so were silk top hats) and witnessed the transistor age come into being. This vid helped me to understand WHY. Many, many thanks! Well done!

@muraliavarma Жыл бұрын

I firmly believe that the best way to truly understand something is to learn its history because that helps us understand it’s evolution and the reasons for why things are the way they are. And I always love the way you take this approach in most of your videos and the bravery with which you approach and easily explain such complex topics. Thanks again Derek and team!

@Mariano.Bernacki Жыл бұрын

The absolute best way to understand some technology is to build yourself a rudimentary version to play and tinker with if such a thing is plausible.

@cykeok3525 Жыл бұрын

While it is not strictly necessary, I agree that it is a very good way to gain a solid understanding.

@JK-wc5oq Жыл бұрын

The first electronic programable computer was COLOSSUS built by the British code breakers at Bletchley Park in 1943 to decipher the German Lorenz cypher. However as the project was classified, the existence of COLOSSUS was kept secret until the 1970’s.

@jamesc3505 Жыл бұрын

Although Colossus was the first programmable electronic machine that was called a "computer" at the time, I don't think it was a computer in the sense that we use the word "computer" today, since it wasn't general purpose, and wasn't a stored-program machine. That said I don't think ENIAC was a computer in the sense we use the word today either, as although it was general purpose, it wasn't a stored-program machine either. I think the first computer, in the modern sense of the word, was the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), also known as the Manchester Baby.

@DrRusty5 Жыл бұрын

I guess it depends on which history books you read. Furthermore, the existence of Colossous was keot secret until the mid 1970s and it wasn't really public knowledge until the early 1980s. Therefore, the history books would not have known to mention Colossus when considering ENIAC as the first computer.

@davidmackenzie9701 Жыл бұрын

@@jamesc3505 Made by one of the few who knew about Colossus, and who was able to take what he knew of Colossus with him.

@magarinemarmeladen647 Жыл бұрын

And again nowbody thinks about the Zuse Z3 wich could also be arguably the first Computer. Yes it wasn't natuarly Turing compleet, but could bei withe trixe. And it was a lot more programebel (you didn't need to rewire it for evry programm). Manny germans would say the Z3 was the first Computer and mit the ENIAC.

@brucemanly Жыл бұрын

Thankyou Americans are always trying to re write history and say they invented the computer. Colossus was built by Alan Turing also of Turing test fame. It was built to crack enigma which it did amazingly well, another thing Americans like to claim they did. They only got away with it because it was classified.

@jeffreyweiss7611 4 ай бұрын

Wow. This was one of the best videos I have ever watched. A great introduction into how we got from the light bulb to the first vacuum tube based computers. I really light the little vignette about the discoloration of the first light bulbs and why it got discolored on one side. I am now a subscriber to Veritasium

@gabrielantiligando9905 8 ай бұрын

As a 10yr old electronic enthusiast I say that the first diode was actually very big than I thought

@arjara85 Жыл бұрын

I remember the headaches from understanding logic operators when I was a student, circa 2006. This is so beautifully explained and easy to understand that I wish I could have seen this back then.

@pickleballer1729 Жыл бұрын

When I was a kid in the early 60's my father was an Air Force officer connected with electronic warfare and computer development. HE had shoe boxes full of old, dead vacuum tubes. I loved to play with them; they made great space ships. Kinda wish I had gotten him to explain to em how they worked. I was only 6 year sold, so I guess I can forgive myself for seeing them as only toys. What I REALLY wish I had gotten him to explain was all the papers with programming on them.

@lucasrem Жыл бұрын

Brilliant fuckers ... Help me, i need money NOW !

@Rastamanas Жыл бұрын

I wish you understand how stupid that sound

@pickleballer1729 Жыл бұрын

@@whatshumor7639 If you're referring to the fact that I use capital letters for emphasis instead of italics, it's because KZfaq doesn't enable italics if you enter directly. Not all of us are willing to go to a third party app or learn some kind of obscure tag in order to make italics. In this case, I did go to a third party app and type with italics, but when I pasted it into KZfaq, the italics were gone. Kudos for you for figuring out how to do italics. That definitely makes you superior to the rest of us.

@DavidArnold67 Жыл бұрын

Given the circumstances, we should be happy that Kevin is even able to use KZfaq!

@wesleyrm Жыл бұрын

@@pickleballer1729 Use underlines, (_): _Hello World!_ Do not put characters before/after the symbols, it will break the effect: ._Hello_ Also works in WhatsApp and similar chatting applications. For bold, use (*): *Hello World!* Strikethrough (-): -Hello!-

@I-Have-Fire Ай бұрын

I think this video is an excellent example of how everything that exists is an extension of something that existed before. I especially liked seeing the first calculator contraption sitting on a piece of wood. 😂

@ChandrasegaranNarasimhan 7 ай бұрын

Thanks veritasium for the vlog. Very helpful.

@mabonora Жыл бұрын

I have an Associate degree in Electronics Technology and a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering, and this is the video that finally made me understand how vacuum tubes work...

@MyIncarnation Жыл бұрын

Same here , but I don't have any degrees.

Жыл бұрын

Yeah, first it was "oh that's like a diode" and then "oh just like a transistor" 😅

@vibratingstring Жыл бұрын

That's kind of troubling.

@shouldent Жыл бұрын

@ Actually at first it was a diode, and then it became a transistor...

@vibratingstring Жыл бұрын

@ more like P-N junction is what you knew, now you learned it replaced cathode ray to anode.

@pantheis Жыл бұрын

While I was a kid, my dad had an old FM radio and a separate audio amplifier that used vacuum tubes. Today I learned how they worked. Simply amazing! I hope you do the follow up video on how this works in silicon.

@RideAcrossTheRiver Жыл бұрын

Guitar amplifiers use vacuum tubes today.

@Sepherisal Жыл бұрын

@@RideAcrossTheRiver Only some of them. Others are solid state, including the one I have.

@RideAcrossTheRiver Жыл бұрын

@@Sepherisal The current Fender 'Custom' models are all-tube. Superb amps.

@peraruor 6 ай бұрын

What an amaizing compilation of computing history! I will love to see something more about analog computing. Thank you so much.

@thelettergs 8 ай бұрын

Some of the videos of this channel are absolute gold mine for science students and/or enthusiasts.

@xavergaver Жыл бұрын

Nice video! But I would have liked a mention of the zuse Z3 wich was build in 1941 in germany. In contrast to the design and use of the ENIAC, the Z3's design did not meet the later definition of a Turing-complete computer, and it was never used as such. But in 1998 it was found out that, from a theoretical point of view, it still has this property due to the tricky use of some detours. There were also the special-purpose machines Colossus (England 1943) used for dectyption and the turing-bombe (England 1940) which was used to decrypt enigma.

@corneliusbessler9994 Жыл бұрын

Agree, the video would have benefited from a broader view rather than American -only.

@joajojohalt Жыл бұрын

even the z1 was years ahead of the model k or 1 and it were released in 1938 one year after the model k. the Z3 was as much as i knew the first of its kind with a Ram.

@Dadofer1970 Жыл бұрын

13:17 was a nostalgia moment for me. I started my career in the early 90s, replacing old telephone switching systems in telephone company central offices. That constant clicking of the relays was what we were replacing. It is amazing to me that we were still using that technology so many decades later, and even more amazing to me how much it has changed in the 30 years since.

@pedropereira5043 9 ай бұрын

Absolutely brilliant explanation. I already knew a few bits but the connections were enlightening!

@alexcrouse 11 ай бұрын

So glad to see David getting attention for his awesome work!

@nysaea 11 ай бұрын

Same, I did NOT expect this collab! This is great!

@alkaline3mc Жыл бұрын

This was a cool video. As a computer engineer who designed my own tube guitar amp in college, you basically just did a summary of my education experience. Very rad deep dive into the world of tubes!

@timfarmer1125 Жыл бұрын

A great video, and yes Matthew Connolly... guitar amps!!! a fantastic use for tubes that continues to be used today to make the best sounding amps.

@BillyLongshot 11 ай бұрын

so cool to watch. First time I understood where vacuum tubes came from, what they did, and why they became obsolete. Thanks

@PathfinderHistoryTravel 3 ай бұрын

This is a unique video. It’s very helpful explaining electronics and how it got started. Thanks.

@taiguy53 Жыл бұрын

It's crazy to think that calculators and computers used to fit in a room. Now, it fits into our pockets and are way more powerful. On top of that, it comes fitted with a camera, a flashlight, ability to make international calls, as well as access to the world's knowledge without having to seek it in a library or be taught it in school, plus a whole lot more. All easily accessible in a few taps and swipes of a finger, and it hasn't even been 100 years. I can only imagine how fast the world seems to be changing for anyone born in the early 1900's.

@eritain Жыл бұрын

When I was a kid I read about the world's fastest computer in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Cray-2. I wanted to have one when I grew up. No idea what I was going to use it for, but, you know, computers were exciting, right? Welp, IIRC the iPad 2 has about the same processing power as a Cray-2 supercomputer, so ... *lots* of people got my childhood wish.

@taiguy53 Жыл бұрын

@@eritain That is insane

@eritain Жыл бұрын

@@taiguy53 Just checked the processor in my lil' Chromebook from 2017 that I take with me everywhere. With the throttles wide open it is 10 Cray-2s of CPU and 60 Cray-2s of integrated GPU, at a power drain of 6 watts.

@taiguy53 Жыл бұрын

@@eritain Just wait til you see quantum computing. It's exponentially more powerful than the tech currently out in the market

@another3997 Жыл бұрын

@@taiguy53 Not exactly true. Quantum computing has fairly specific use cases, and limited number of real world applications. They also require incredibly low temperatures to work. It's therefore unlikely to ever replace conventional computers. You won't be playing games, typing emails or browsing the Web on a quantum computer.

@ironcito1101 Жыл бұрын

In my humble opinion, the transistor (hinted at the end of the video) is among the most important inventions in human history. It's up there with the wheel, the steam engine, gunpowder, penicillin and the like. The lightbulb, too.

@jonathanthomas2449 9 ай бұрын

Gunpowder is not a good invention.

@ClipsCrazy__ 9 ай бұрын

Personally I think it was one of the most destructive inventions. Humans were wholesale happier, healthier, and more connected before the invention of the computer which led to the internet which led to social media which led to destruction of real connection and localized groups and culture and the creation of photoshop, fake faces and bodies, and tons of misinformation which all together in turn led to fatter and unhealthier humans who are less connected, less motivated (due to dopamine overdrive), and far far far more depressed and anxious. Correlation does not equal causation but with the obvious connections and cause/effect groupings I see I believe it is completely to blame for being the majority of the causation of each of those three main detriments to humanity/society along with tons of other detriments and while being the cause of TONS of good I still think humanity would be better off with a FAR slower progression in computing power so we had time to adapt and see the negatives thus setting up defense mechanisms for everyone especially Thresh defenseless like kids who have been ravaged by dopamine overdrive and the many negatives of social media.

@ironcito1101 9 ай бұрын

@@ClipsCrazy__ I think you're romanticizing the past. Before computers, we had everything from witch hunts to nazism, racial segregation, oppression of women, slavery, torture and public executions. I think the present, even with all its flaws, is the best time for humanity overall. Computers have allowed countless advances in fields like medicine, and brought the world closer together with essentially free, instant global communications. It's not perfect (we're human, after all) but we're doing pretty well, compared to centuries past. I'd say it supports my point that your biggest worry seems to be social media.

@ClipsCrazy__ 9 ай бұрын

@@ironcito1101 na I’m just referencing data. All that horrible stuff “before phones and computers” actually proves my point even more. Humans are more depressed now than EVER before. More depressed even though things are “better” than they’ve ever been in endless different ways.

@ClipsCrazy__ 9 ай бұрын

@@ironcito1101 social media is definitely the worst thing to come from this advancement so far but again we’re still hurling ahead in record time and AI is the next thing in the horizon. Social media causing political polarization and/or deep fakes representing a political party/leader could literally be the start of the next civil/world war which would create a world that with no doubt would’ve been better without computers but I’d argue we’re already in one that would benefit greatly from the throttling of computer advancements by 1/4 to 1/10 15 years ago.

@esmatfahim3399 6 ай бұрын

Out of all the channels and videos to understand this topic, only here I was able to come to a conclusion. Well done!

@akshitkumar8307 Ай бұрын

thankyou this was simply beautiful

@louwrentius Жыл бұрын

Usagi is awesome ❤ I’m so happy he’s featured in this video.

@trumpio Жыл бұрын

Came here to post the same thing!

@UsagiElectric Жыл бұрын

It was so much fun hanging out with Derek!

@ananttiwari1337 Жыл бұрын

@@UsagiElectric Wow it's him

@peterstrong772 Жыл бұрын

Excellent, a part 2 with the rise of microchips in the same style as this would be brilliant

@peppi69 10 ай бұрын

I hope the silicon story comes soon. Thank you to show us the most interesting stories

@ellis4438 3 ай бұрын

In addition you should look at the work done by Allan M. Turing and Tommy H. Flowers (at the British Post office research facility, Dollis Hill in London) during World War 2 to decipher German encrypted radio signals using the Colossus computers which predates ENIAC. These machines used 1-2 thousand thermionic valves (or vacuum tubes) and are recognised as the first semi-programmable computers. A rebuilt Colossus is on display at the National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park in England, where it is operational. War time security meant that Dr. Turing and Dr. Flowers were not recognised for their contribution to computing until the 1980's, even today some of their work remains classified.

@trtoms Жыл бұрын

Ahh they should teach this (in highschool). I spent nearly 40 years doing CMOS design but in my undergrad school the vacuum tube basic operations were not covered. I guess in the 80s they were considered obsolete.

@gw6667 Жыл бұрын

Excluding the history, this was basically the first month of my intro to electrical engineering class. Not sure how much this would be needed for general education

@Songfugel Жыл бұрын

Semi-conductor transistors are trillion times better, there is absolutely no reason to teach any of this stuff outside of historical interest

@94D33M Жыл бұрын

How did the software used for CMOS design transition during your career? Nowadays mainly Cadence EDA and then Synopsis custom compiler, Tanner EDA, etc are used industrially. Back then what was used?

@alistairmackintosh9412 Жыл бұрын

@@Songfugel Vacuum tubes are still used in audio amplification and microwave ovens.

@photonjones5908 Жыл бұрын

@@Songfugel the history illustrates the law of unintended consrquences. The greatest advance in human history began with a simulated candleflame that utilized electricity. People back then could not imagine smart phones or flatscreen TVs, or almost any of the things that these rudimentary devices would lead to. It makes me wonder what the next great advance will be, and what accidents will lead up to it, and how long until that happens? There are no answers to these questions of course, until it happens. But this history is real and we are all living the results of it, every day and in every way..

@adiutama Жыл бұрын

It's incredible how these two seemingly unrelated things are intertwined. Thank you Veritasium.

@strangelyrepulsive77 Жыл бұрын

they are related because they are things

@quietcanadian5132 29 күн бұрын

I have been a H/W engineer since 1978. I remember developing both analog and digital computers in school. Amazing how far we have come since then.

@walidtaher8906 6 ай бұрын

Very well made and the only videos that really explained the transistor and how it evolved from the light bulb

@TechMeldOfficial Жыл бұрын

I would highly suggest that you do a second part of this topic, it is very interesting and it explains how we achieved this level of computing power today

@trif55 Жыл бұрын

this also makes light of the lightbulb, it was a key invention to enable the modern world, it'd be great to see a long form video, say 2 hours, covering key technologies from history, starting from speech/writing/fire via maths, zero, metalworking, into some modern ones. Maybe making it a series would be better

@Li01018 Жыл бұрын

Up vote

@A453 11 ай бұрын

Yes

@lidianemonteiro7168 10 ай бұрын

UP vote

@sciencepluspotato1294 Жыл бұрын

Im really happy that you'll be covering transistors. As soon as you mentionned the "grid" of the vacuum tube, i knew that was coming. This winter semester i had a course on electronics, and something that i was wondering is why the "grid" input is called just that. This was really informative, well done!

@robertoricardoruben Жыл бұрын

It is a quite literal grid haha

@sophiophile Жыл бұрын

Haven't watched the vid yet, but they are often literally a mesh/grid. Sometimes they consist just of a loop of wire, but usually it's a screen mesh/grid.

@sciencepluspotato1294 Жыл бұрын

@@sophiophile When i asked my professor why, he said it's a mix of practical and historical reasons. Now i know why.

@chriscockrell9495 5 ай бұрын

Relays are pretty cool. Model K for kitchen. I love it. Edison effect - anode type observation in a cathode Fleming effect - Thermionic Diode - add an anode Triode - added a grid between the 2 which provided switching control (transistor) and amplification. Vacuum tube triode Eniac (computer) Jacquard Loom Colossus Z3 - Zuse

@Unknown-tx5iq 3 ай бұрын

Ur channel makes me love maths and science even more!!!!! Thanks, sir!

@johnlee4897 Жыл бұрын

With my computer science background, this is truly one of my favourite episodes. Thank you so much.

@nagoshi01 Жыл бұрын

You're making us Electrical Engineers so happy with these video topics - I cannot wait for the solid state video, whether it be germanium, BJT, FET, or anything in between.

@FlammableElectronics Жыл бұрын

Yess, I collected a bunch of those germanium diodes and their 0.3v voltage drop is impressive! I am also waiting for when he will cover FETs, BJTs etc

@Archgeek0 Жыл бұрын

And us Computer Engineers! 2s Complement was my bread and butter in college. As were BJTs, MOSFETs, and friends.

@goldenshale 2 ай бұрын

Such a good one. I wish my digital logic class in college had started with this video because it would have changed the flavor of the whole course. Thanks!

@jdjd6789 11 ай бұрын

I work as a test engineer testing induction power supplies used in all heat treating applications to metals , melting , and furnaces / billet heaters. Pretty cool to see where it all started.

@UsagiElectric Жыл бұрын

Thanks so much for coming to hang out, I had an absolute blast!

@Deathbyfartz 11 ай бұрын

always found early breadboards extremely fascinating. as someone who repairs electrical devices daily, and is used to circuit boards, i really appreciate all the work that went into old circuitry with vacuum tubes, and electromechanical engineering, the best days are the days i get a old appliance from before i was even thought of.

@Flowing23 7 ай бұрын

Beautifully explained. Thank you.

@Sama_09 6 ай бұрын

One of the best video showing how transistors started !!

@garyantonyo Жыл бұрын

I hope you eventually collab with someone like Ben Eater to explain at least some of the basics of how a processor actually works in this "series" of topics. When I was a kid this was the biggest mystery for me and no one could really explain it well (mostly because it is a complicated topic), but now as an adult this is something that I think is not so complicated that child me could not understand, there just was a lack of easy to access and understand material. Ben Eater's videos really helped cement that knowledge and build an intuition for it even after taking college undergrad courses that touched on the subject.

@CaptainJuiccy Жыл бұрын

As an eager mechanical engineering student, your videos always leave me in awe, feeling calm and hopeful. Your videos are beautiful and brilliant!

@DreamsOfTheMind-video 2 ай бұрын

Thank you very much for this documentary. I love it!

@jayjohn9680 7 ай бұрын

Aren’t we all so happy there are some smart or really perceptive people to figure stuff out like this.

@sepplee5812 Жыл бұрын

I’m a pro computer nerd and naturally know all the history of computers but I still feel fascinated every time I am reminded of it. Your video was one of the best ways I ever learned about it, really a great presentation of a great history and the most impressive inventions in the history of mankind. ❤