Where were you in the 90s when I was teaching myself C++? Back them this was very difficult to figure out. XLNT video.

My final is due tomorrow. This video has been a great help. Infact the whole series on C++ is marvellous!

Been programming for years never knew this. Thx man.

I cannot emphasize how important a subject this is. One of the harder things to debug in C++ is when you think a destructor is being called, but is not because it was not virtual. This is a serious programming error that must be avoided by following this rule: always make destructors virtual with one exception. If the class is a base class (not derived), you don't ever expect to derive from it, and you put the comment "// non-virtual object!" right above the class definition, then the destructor can be non-virtual. If you ever want to derive from it you will see the comment indicating you need to add virtual to the base destructor.

Duuddeeeee GOD BLESS YOU! It was SOOO easy to understand OMG!

damn, so much potential for memory leaks..

Nice video! Keep up the good work!

Thank you so much for your amazing videos!

How come I've never come across this before? Thank you so much. This was great.

Can't believe you actually have a video on this topic! Thought I was headed for some head-scratching on cppreference (which ain't even a bad site).

hey man, you are the reason why I started coding you make it look simple and interesting. your videos are like suspense movies, I just wanna watch more and more.

This is just what I would like to see next. Magic.

Can you make video about (virtual inheritance, diamond problem, multiple inheritance) ? How to use it and how it works? You are making good job and talking about difficult things very clearly. Greetings to You.

this was REALLY GOOD. thank you.

Nice video and extremely useful to know!!!

2022. This stuff never gets old. Thanks Cherno!

Exception handling good/bad and how you deal with errors would be a fantastic video! :) pls :)

My man!! Thank you :-)

Hi man, I think you are such a crusher in C++. I did a C++ course called Advanced C++ programming at my Uni few years ago, but I couldn't link the knowledge together back in the day. After watching your video series, things start making sense to me now.

Great to know - thanks!

Simple. I get it now. Thanks Cherno.

Awesome

All these C++ "features" that programmers need to learn, seem more like C++ bugs that we need to patch lol

Lol @ the subtitles here: "Hey look guys my name is Jenna..."

Thanks!

thanks a lot sir

thanks

Thsnks

Hi. Will there be a series with creating a game engine with your great explanations?) Thanks

great content! how these concepts are shifted into the smart pointers? I actually got that smart pointers, delete objects by themself when program doesn't need anymore.

Great explanation! thank you

i never knew this could happen

Can we expect a video on detailed explanation on VTable and Vptr from you soon, pls.

are you planning to do videos on data structures and algorithms ??

He is talking right. Give him beer

A good tip is that you can always declare your class' destructors as virtual. This doesn't have any adverse effect for a class that does not have any child classes, but it will help if there are classes in the future that have to be derived from a base. Also worth mentioning that the Base class' virtual destructor will carry over regardless of the number of generations that are created(Parent class becomes a Grandparent, so-to-speak, or Great-Grandparent, so on..): The children and grandchildren all will still have their own respective destructors called as long as, at the very least, the 1st generation has a virtual destructor.

This series is excellent! Does anybody know what the performance cost is of declaring destructors as virtual?

Just an FYI, the location of the video cards (suggesting to jump to previous videos you made) is on the right for people using LTR language on KZfaq (like English), and on the left for people using RTL (like Arabic)

I feel like this is the first time we touched deleting classes in all the class videos. Why so? When and when not to?

When a derived class calls its constructor does the compiler implicitly call the base class constructor as well? In the example after calling the constructor of derived class it seemed to call the base class constructor first even when the destuctor of the base class was called in a statement before.

Hey Cherno, we are waiting for static polymorphism video

I'm not joking but Yan looks like Chris Pratt

When using std::shared_ptr poly = std::make_shared(), my program called BOTH the derived AND base destructor when exiting the scope even though I hadn't marked ~Base() as virtual (windows 7, mingw compiler). Is it something shared_pointer does, is it something that make_shared does, or is it something I completely missed?

I am very confused how vptr and vtable works. Please make a video on that too.

cool

what happens if you put the virtual on the derived destructor?

Wow, I have neve realized how many memory leaks i made lol

If u could make a video on types of bugs that can be present, that you have seen, that would be great. Run time bugs, I mean.

You said previously that you work at EA on core technology I'm curious what engine are you actively developing. Frostbite?

what is the use of pure virtual function?

when you need to do something like that Base* poly = new Derived();? why you you need instance of Base that is created with Derived?

This guy types so FAST

what happens if we use pure virtual destructor?

Why the base constructor does not need to be virtual?

Is the video at a normal speed ?

Why would we then not use virtual destructors every time? Why isn't this the default ?

Why can't the compiler warn you when you are inheriting from a class without a virtual destructor?

nice video cherno , i have a question : can we call the superclass constructor from base class like in java super.(); thanks for the video.

why treat sub class pointer as base class pointer?

Why we don't need virtual constructor though? Might be a dumb question, but thanks for any reply.

What IDE do you use? it looks like something I'd want to try out.

Quick question though, why would you create a pointer to the base class but then make it point to the memory address of a derived class? Seems to me like you can avoid the problem if you simply create the appropriate pointer to begin with. Is there another reason why'd you'd want to use a base class pointer to point to a derived class?

7:01 why this is already build in compiler?

I'd recommend not using the term "sub-class" because it's not a part of the specification and creates ambiguity between *derived classes* and *nested classes.*

Can you make a video about linked lists or binary trees? By the way keep up the good work, you're very good at this!

Can someone please explain why we have to put a "public" after the ":"?

what does base* poly = new derived mean? why ever does this? from my understanding the base tells the compiler how much memory is required. but since derived calsses will have more variable and stuff than base, this will result in the pointer base having more memory than what it thinks is required. i hope that made sense. like assume base has 1 int which is 4 bytes thus a point to base will have 4 bytes at the address of base. if i say base pointer and give it a pointer of a derived now it still thinks that it has 4 bytes but the derived might have 2 ints and thus 8 bytes.

You can see that he is aging if you compare him with the first video

why to use x * y = new y() instead of x y()?

If we have 3 classes A,B,C. A is the master class, B inherits from A and C inherits from B. The only Virtual Constructor Is A’s. If I treat a C instance as an A instance all three constructors are called or only A, B? And a second question if I treat the C instance as a B instance only the B constructor is called right?

uff more leaks ]

what is the software/hardware you use to record these tutorials :)

I am new to C++ and OOPS, can somebody please explain what is the use case of when you do: Base* poly = new Derived();

2:05 :(on Line 10) "lass Derived : public Base" Question: Why do we need specify "public" for base class? Any reason?

Hey cherno can you do help me understand the tile coordinate system from game programming episode 62? I understand the x and y used in the constructor but not the r function and the tile size parameter. Can you please explain in depth how to use them? I am wanting to use them in a platformer type game but I want to understand really what they do better. Also the game I am trying to develop uses 4by4, 8by8, 16by16, and 32by32 tiles respectively. Unfortunately the way the program that you built runs only operates on 16by16 tiles. I want a different one that can operate on any type of sprite size no matter what I throw into it.

TheChernoProject, could you please tell me how you make game engines in EA, I think you said you made them in C#. How? I can't find many good ways to write a game enigine in C#. in fact this is why im learning C++.

"Whenever your writing a class that you will be extending or that might be sub-classed you need to declare your destructor as 'virtual' otherwise no one is going to be able to safely extend that class including yourself because if you do that you can't use the destructor because it will never get called if you're treating that class by it's base type which might be the case if your passing it into a function as well and maybe that function only takes it as a base pointer and then deletes it or does whatever it does. This is an example anyway so definitely make sure that you are declaring the destructors 'virtual' if your allowing that sub-class to actually happen." - Cherno

Help, i have a function in a class: class Logging { public: void Log(const char* text) { std::cout

I don't really understand why the base constructor is called when a derived object is constructed. Can someone ELI5?

when will the Game Engine Tutorial series began ??

why is 'virtual' not the default state like it is in other languages?

So, should I make every destructor virtual just to be safe?

How much time did you need to learn C++ and Java...(You are programming for 7 Years but how much Time did you need to learn this two Languages ?)

Second comment:

I hate OOP 😭, dunno what im gonna DO... IT'S HARD IT'S HARD IT'S HARD . It doesn't make sense it should not exists It's ruining everything in my life😭😭😭

How much time did you need to learn C++ and Java...(You are programming for 7 Years but how much Time did you need to learn this two Languages ?)