Note: about 700 physical servers were required in London Olimpic Games 2012. After servers virtualization, technology, just about 250 servers were required in Rio 2016, Brazil!

One relevant point: with SR-IOV you could use the same graphics card for both the host system and the virtualized system. Unfortunately so far both Nvidia and AMD don't support it on their gaming cards. AMD does support it for their more expensive cards. SR-IOV is the ideal solution if you want to run Windows-sooftware which needs graphics without leaving Linux so let's ask AMD and Nvidia to support it.

Great video, mate. Extremely informative

One easy way to differentiate between containers and VMS is: VMs are hardware virtualization. Containers are software virtualization.

Thanks for covering this!

This is a great video! I use virtual machines all the time, but did know only a little what is all behind it.

Very informative. Thanks!

Hey. Seriously. Thank you. I just downloaded soft and I can CLEARLY see why your vid was recomnded. You're an aweso intro into

really good introduction and clarification of virtualization, levels, types, differences, and uses of this software. I commend you on the organization streamlining of this subject, too!

Very instructive! Loved the video

Very helpful! Thanks. I am currently learning about virtual environments.

Good video, well done! Next up... VDI! I'm gonna try oVirt or XCP-ng + UDS this weekend... fun times... fuuuun times.

Very helpful video, appreciate it.

never mind my question on your other video about virtual machines :D ..... gonna check this one .. looks like i have some catching up to do when it comes to your channel

Great video! I would like to see more Docker video/tutorials in linux from you Chris. You just explain things so nicely.

Docker and Snap is like a better more advance version of Microsoft's Universal App Platform but for Linux. Its definitely the future. I use docker to run many LAMP containers for web app development, testing, and hosting.

This topic has been covered by numerous KZfaqrs. But they all suck compared to this video. Awesome, useful content, Chris! Thank you!

great video, you are a great person, thanks for all

Excellent explanation.

أنت تصنع فيديوهات مفيدة شكرا لك.

this was so helpful thank you Sir

Great video THank you

Hay , Chris , have a nice weekend Sir... nice video , many thing's i did't know thanks for the explaining this....

I used to use virtual box for everything but then docker happened. And the rest is history

Thank you helped me a lot

I use a home setup with UnRaid for docker, Linux, and Windows VMs. It may not be as bare metal for gaming (though 3D is decent), but it's my main development host and NAS.

What about the Thin Client (popular ~ 1999-2005) or remote desktops (like linux X server running multiple sessions), where do they fit in, for the current discussion?

Unraid is incredibly useful for home NAS server purposes. Has Docker built into it. Not a replacement for another VM server... but it has it's uses.

As you mentioned the concept of containers, I missed „sandboxes“ for single desktop applications.

thanks for the pointers. trying to learn virtualbox but need to setup a machine first. I want Linux to host and windows guest. But idk, but this video helps with the terminology and what virtualization is .

@Chris Titus Tech unraid is still a kvm-qemu based solution with a fancy gui. its the same product but with a proprietary gui. but the virtualisation core is still based on the red hat project

LXC is worth considering for Linux containers, as it is more secure, though it isn't cross platform, so that limits it's place.

Great video. Please can you do a video on how to do networking virtualization?

And ProxMox ? tried that one?

Great explanations about Type 1 and Type 2 Hypervisors. One thing I noticed is that you forgot to explain or talk a little bit about Proxmox. I have a doubt, is Virt-Manager with QEMU/KVM Type1 Hypervisor? Cheers from Honduras.

There is an interesting OS called Qubes OS. It basically uses a Xen hypervisor and creates VM containers for separated machines that don't talk to each other (all is executed from a standalone domain-0 machine). It's a bit paranoid for general North Americans but likely useful for China/Middle East where there is stronger government surveillance. It has Whonix built-in (interesting OS that only exists in an OVA format that creates a Tor'ified virtualized network). I tried it out, it's a bit complicated (requires at least an intermediate skill level in Debian/Fedora) and resource intensive (containers eat up RAM) but I'm planning on it using it for a machine that'll accept external USB drives (Qubes won't execute a USB stick until you direct it into its own VM).

The difference between type 1 and type 2 hypervisors is more and more something of the past. Most original type 1 hypervisors are offering more and more standard OS facilities like ESXi-vSphere, even running containers. All type 2 hypervisors are tightly integrated into the OS kernel, offering the same performance than type-1 hypervisors, like Virtualbox (called type 2) and KVM (sometimes called type 1 and sometimes type 2). KVM explains perfectly, why the difference becomes more and more irrelevant. What about Proxmox, it runs on a headless server, it is KVM running in Debian and it also supports containers; is it type 1 or type 2? The type 1 type 2 distinction was relevant in the Pentium IV times before say 2005 - 2008, when many type-2 hypervisors and kernels did not support the hardware virtualization, because it was missing or too new.

Running Boxes on Ubuntu took a bit of configuration. Trying to remember if it worked out of the box on Fedora. I think it did but I haven't played with Fedora in a bit. I want to spin up a zen server in the future to get some homelab experience.

Bare metal in large organizations on SQL and exchange with data on isci targets is still common with large data sets due to recourse size and their own individual needs for clustering and etc.

Is there any nas that can run things virtualized like normally need 2 servers for a thingy like network boot but then you just run 2 virtual machine servers instead to do that on one single machine ?

So RedHat is the enterprise version of Docker and it also integrates with Kubernetics not sure if I spelled correctly. Im pretty sure of this info but please correct me if I am wrong.

You seem to have missed one major feature of Type 1 hypervisors (at least I can tell for Xen for sure), and that's paravirtualization. Most of the time if you are running a VM, you have to access some sort of "hardware" to access certain aspects of your host (like network, disk images, etc.). However, these are usually emulated hardware and so cost processing time. Xen, for example, provides for paravirtual interfaces that allow a guest to skip the emulation layer and directly gain access to the controller (aka. Domain-0). That one then directly handles any requests made by the guest and so significantly speeds up I/O. As for Xen, you have PV drivers for networking and storage access so no emulation layer (and therefore no bottleneck) is needed there. There even are PV drivers for Windoze so if you install that on a Xen setup, you can get significantly better performance just by installing them on your OS. However, since Windoze by itself isn't PV capable, it cannot serve as a controller for Domain-0. Also take that one step further, you have paravirtualized machines. They are usually faster than fullvirt VMs, but do require assistance from Domain-0 to handle any I/O since they don't provide any emulation layer.

Heaven on earth for distrohoppers like me

Besides web apps, can docker be used to run actual apps like Firefox?

One advantage with Unraid is it makes gpu passthrough a point and click ordeal

Years ago I gutted XP with Nlite and created 1GB VMs - I use them on my Z840 with 128Gb RAM to turn my DVDs into X-Vids - I can easily run 32 or more of them with no problems.

Great video, as usual. Didn’t you mention KVM as a type 1 hypervisor?

I'm interested which VM is the best for gaming. I'm planning to switch to Linux fully in 2021 and run my games in a Virtual Windows.

On the subject of DC on phys box. I have personally seen and helped a client who virtualized every DC in their environment. Problem happened when they had total power down ... you see, all DCs are in VMs, the ESXi has its datastores on a storage server(s). Storage can start first, but required AD to calculate permissions and provide access ... But all DCs are on ESXi which cant get to DS becausr there are no DCs ... catch 22 :) They ended up finding some HW and hastily spinning a DC to "bootstrap" their environment.

P to V haha, nice.

No word about Proxmox?

Good overview, but I have a few remarks and I have added a long description of my usage of virtualization after 8/10 years. There is a clear difference in what is useful on a desktop and what on a server. Personally I'm mainly interested in desktop virtualization. I use mainly Virtualbox, but I have two other Hosts OSes, one with VMware Workstation and the other with QEMU/KVM. Containers are on my wish list for the second part of the year. I'm mainly interested in LXC/LXD, but I have the impression, that it is also more a server product and will not run very well in a desktop. So I'm interested in any explanation in that direction. I think the difference between type I and type II hypervisors is less interesting nowadays. In the past there was a clear difference, but now they more or less merged. A kind of different shades of grey. They use the same hardware support and the main difference is, whether it has an unnamed kernel included with the hypervisor or whether it runs inside another more or less complete OS. Virtualbox and type II hypervisors do not run on top of the OS anymore, VirtualBox needs to integrate very tightly into the system. To do this it installs driver modules like vboxdrv and others into the system kernel. A very good example of this fading boundary is Proxmox, that is based on QEMU/KVM. It uses a minimal core Linux kernel (Debian), that integrates QEMU/KVM out-of-the-box. Proxmox only offers a CLI on he server itself and of course KVM is an integral part of any Linux kernel. The performance of both types is basically the same now, unlike in the past. I prefer Virtualbox with KVM based products as runner-up. - Virtualbox is complete and it runs everything without problems. It will allow you to activate Windows Guests based on the HW sticker on the PC, because it uses the Host CPU as Guest CPU too. Afterwards you can move that activated Windows VM to e.g. your laptop. I still use a Windows XP VM installed and activated in 2010 on a 32-bit Pentium Desktop. It survived three desktops and two laptops. The Vbox Guest additions is also great. - QEMU/KVM has a great promise and its disk IO is extremely fast, resulting in great responsiveness and fast boots. But... you can't activate Windows from QEMU/KVM based on the sticker, because of a clumsy implementation for the CPU, where you have to select a processor from a limited list. On default it turns my 4-core Phenom II into a 2-core Opteron. Also for Windows drivers for the Guest this product is limited and relies on an old limited set of drivers to be found on the Internet. Typically not very well optimized yet for a desktop environment, but great for servers. - VMware is almost as good as Virtualbox, but in the free version you are only allowed to run one VM at the same time. Luckily you can start the VM manager two or three times to run more VMs at the same time, but it looks somewhat strange. Basically I would really love Virtualbox with the disk virtio of KVM, virtio seems ~30-40% faster. For the video I'm hopeful for the looking glass solution as promoted by Level1Techs. But that will take probably more years to mature and get implemented in the "commercial" products. Virtualization works very well for me. You do not need expensive hardware, since I run it on a 2008 HP dc5850. My main upgrade has been a Phenom II X4 B97 at 3.2 GHz, that Phenom II doubled my Passmarks to ~½ of a Ryzen 3 2200G:) :) I run Ubuntu Mate 18.04 LTS with as file system ZFS. I striped all 3 HDDs (~RAID-0) and I use half the 128 GB SSD as cache for ZFS. Of course I boot the Host systems from the other half of the SSD. I am moving all my work/hobbies to virtual machines (VM). I have now the following VMs: - Xubuntu 18.04 for browsing, email, torrents, office and WhatApps, always "powered on". - Ubuntu 16.04 for banking and Paypall, almost never "powered on" and only used for 10 minutes or so. - Windows XP and Windows Media Player with WOW and True Bass effects for the music (my old LPs and CDs). - Ubuntu Mate 18.04 for trying new Apps. - I have 5 test versions of the Ubuntu 19.04 family - Windows 7 Pro - Windows 10 Pro Insider Preview - Windows for Workgroups 3.11 with a 16 MB main memory :) :) - and many others in the vm-archives. ZFS is using 2-level caching (RAM 2 GB and SSD 60 GB). All my ZFS pools (logical partitions) are LZ4 compressed and that is also true for both caches. In practice they store approx twice the amount of bytes and they need only half the number of IO operations. As a result my Linux VMs boot faster (15-24 seconds) from ZFS than my Host Ubuntu Mate (27-30 seconds) from SSD with EXT4. The newer Windows systems boot in 45-70 seconds dependent on the filling of the caches. The Guest OS runs almost completely from the 2 GB (~4 GB uncompressed) memory cache after a couple of seconds, so response times are instantaneous also in Windows. Another advantage of the use of VMs is that you can prototype future changes of your setup. I tried in a VM to boot from a compressed btrfs partition and that worked fine, except for a small bug in update-grub, if dual booting with an ext4 OS. I also tried to boot from ZFS having one big datapool (partition) with a dataset for each Host OS. It works now in the VMs and next week I reorganize my SSD setup to implement it on the system. The advantages are: - space and speed due to compression, - better memory caching for disks, - safety due to frequent snapshots of the Host OS on top of the monthly backups, - flexibility, I can install more Hosts OSes like Proxmox in a separate dataset on the same pool/partition without worrying about re-partitioning.

also virtualization is good for cross cpu architecture testing (emulating an arm on an x86 proccessor for example)

Got any links for Docker setup etc? Every time I've looked into running Docker on my Linux Host I've not been able to make much sense of it.....

I want to get VMware to open sus files and be safe from malware. But then you talked about containers. Which one is best for my use case? VM or container?

Is it possible to run qemu inside of a docker container?

Got back to this video as I was looking for a way to use published app (like in Xen App) without the fat bill :) So I was wondering... I know Linux published apps is easy ... but what about Windows published apps on linux? I encountered two products that are capable of the task but they are not really free 1. TSplus 2. Winflector Do you know of other? Maybe some open source projects for this?

Was listening to this gaming in my Windows VM and laughed when you said "you probably won't be able to do do this (pcie passthrough) and I didn't even use a guide...

5:57 my exp with unraid, its great so long you have only 1 hardware system others it is expensive in licensing

Could I do Whonix Then Run Docker then VirtualBox plus VPN plus Tor Or is VirtualBox the same as Docker Sorry I’m a bit confused with all the different terms

can i run virtualbox unsupported virtualization on windows?

What about FreeBSD's Jails?

What about LXD ?

Faronics Deep Freeze deserves a mention.

Virtual Box itself is free and open source, BUT the guest extensions (which you really need to make the guest useful) is proprietory, (and therefore only free-as-in-beer)

Is it a myth when people say that software does NOT work the same when it is being virtualized?

Please make a video how to install microsoft office 2016 on ubuntu.

Can docker be run on a system which has no OS?

Pci passtrough is actually really easy

i have a dual core spu but the problem is its pentium! so i cant use virtualization but i can run windows 7 lite.

Docker kind of does need Linux, though. I suppose one could compile libcontainer for some other OS, but at least some form of kenel is required to run docker, isn't it?

Wow what a difference. Neon System monitor showed 12% CPU when using Virtualbox with Win10 host, and took a lot of playing with the settings to make it bearable to use. KVM, is showing 0% CPU. My boot time is about 20 seconds, vs several minutes for Vbox, but I never timed it. Any way I can send you a 1 time donation. I am not into subscriptions and monthly payments, and want to show my appreciation. Thanks

Isn't unraid qemu based?! I thought it was. I always said, unraid is a commercial product, but everything it does could be achieved manually if you know what you're doing. Me personally, ever since I started playing with virtual machines I became interested in having nested machines. The one that you have in front of you, is not the one running on the actual machine. So video, sound and even wireless devices were passed through. I love the idea that when I reboot, I load a kernel and an initrd image (sort of like unraid, but made by me) which becomes a headless client in my network. But within a minute since boot, that headless client, boots other clients. other headless VM's. One for each required service. One for dhcp. One for apache. One for postfix. etc dont need to run the whole list. And then finally start a full fledged client, non-headless, with all the peripherals. I wanted this design for myself. I finally managed to get everything going last year... very happy with it.

wow every time i need a answer hes got a answer lol

start @ 0:45

aqemu is nice 2

Include some text, logos and more information in the video,not only your face.

virtualization also killed a lot jobs back in 2005 . they dont need hire admins monitoring 30+ physical machines

you are mixing terminology no matter what you will do, if hardware is not damaged in any way and is installed in computer, which you use Kernel will see hardware no amount of blacklisting (actually either device location or device identification in driver or driver itself) will ever make kernel blind - it will see this device not binding driver to device is completely different from not detecting device once again no amount of blacklisting will make kernel blind or force kernel to not detect device that is reason why it is sometimes quite hard to get device free of driver. it is a race and you either are successful at getting there first or not

PCIe pass-through and GFX pass-through is NOT the same you obviously need to PCIe pass-through GFX, but this is NOT sufficient at all. It won't work. for GFX you need to setup its own root PCIe bridge and you need to provide VGA BIOS and all this and it still may fail without any good reason I won't even mention FLR (Function Level Reset), if you do not have support for FLR outside of MB reset time, then you may kiss goodbye your GFX after one time use - you need full computer reset to get it back, sorry You will have best luck with EFI GFX and UEFI BIOS (OVMF) If you want GFX PassThrough, then this is basically starting point, unless you want to mess with it for hours, if not days By the way PCIe pass-through may be of anything, really I did USB (3.0, 2.0, 1.1 UHCI - I do not like Intel and VIA is not my favourite chipset maker), SAS (1, 2, 3, both HBAs and RAIDs), NVME, AHCI SATA - possibilities are endless oh, and by the way it is NOT PCIe pass-through! NOT at all! It is PCI pass-through! You can pass-through Conventional PCI cards and even single devices, but there are much higher requirements and it is in general way much more complex! I personally did full pass-through of Conventional USB 2.0 NEC card ,but it took a lot effort and I had to make sure it was in its own IOMMU group You have to be able to pass all its resources via IOMMU and nothing can be left behind (this includes ports, memory mappings and Interrupts - you would be lucky, if it will work with MSI or better MSI-X, if no, then you may be out of luck)

good knowledge but very fast .....

Why does it look like lip sync video :/

This video might be clickbait too...

VMs are so complicated

Lol it's 2021 and VMware not free anymore

Not just buisness

bahhh... you people are too addicted to GUIs Bind a text OS emulator to a TTY and you're good to go... good ole Dialup DOS session ftw

I'm was looking on Virtualbox website for downloads and can't even find download link. So useless.