Was "Rubeosaurus" Styracosaurus After All? YDAW Synapisode #6

Рет қаралды 67,476

Күн бұрын

/ ydaw -- New research came out this year with bearing upon everyone's favorite centrosaurine(s), so here's more than you probably wanted to know about parietals.
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Contents:
00:00 Introduction
01:32 Asymmetrical Skull
06:35 Stellasaurus
09:35 Subadult Styracosaurus
14:18 Left/Right Homology?
16:02 Conclusion
Sources & Links:
Holmes, R. B., Persons, W. S., Rupal, B. S., Qureshi, A. J., & Currie, P. J.
Morphological variation and asymmetrical development in the skull of Styracosaurus albertensis.
Cretaceous Research, Volume 107, 104308
2020
doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.201...
STL available at www.doi.org/10.17632/5wcjbgdg8k
Wilson, J. P., Ryan, M. J., & Evans, D. C.
A new, transitional centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana and the evolution of the ‘Styracosaurus- line' dinosaurs
R. Soc. open sci.7200284
2020
doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200284
Brown, C., Holmes, R., & Currie, P.
A subadult individual of Styracosaurus albertensis (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) with comments on ontogeny and intraspecific variation in Styracosaurus and Centrosaurus.
Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology, 8(1), 67-95.
2020
doi.org/10.18435/vamp29361
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Grand Rapids, MI 49505
'YDAW' is a series that makes paleontology accessible to the general public using familiar (but wrong) dinosaur toys.

Пікірлер: 203

@YourDinosaursAreWrong 3 жыл бұрын

If you like our stuff, and would like to help us keep making it, please consider chipping in over at patreon.com/YDAW, or taking a look at our products at www.etsy.com/shop/YDAWtheShop, or by buying Steven a coffee at ko-fi.com/ydawtheshow . All proceeds go back into making the videos you see here!

@jthomas8263 3 жыл бұрын

Puertasaurus

@Blunderbat 3 жыл бұрын

I love the stuff on your etsy! Shame I'm in the UK, international shipping is pricey :') Keep up the great work, I get excited whenever I see one of your videos arrive in my subscription box

@matthewfurlani8647 Жыл бұрын

"its not a phase mom" ☠️

@BasiliskKingOfSerpents 3 жыл бұрын

“But it bugged me, and now it might bug you. You’re welcome.” - that’s basically the whole reason I watch this show, honestly

@MarStacey 3 жыл бұрын

LOL hard same

@Imperiused 3 жыл бұрын

5:25 Now I'm imagining a kids show featuring dinosaurs and there's this adorable Styracosaurus with braces, but for its frill horns.

@ciphymasterofmedia9104 2 жыл бұрын

Dear God, you are a genius!

@CromoPaleoShow 3 жыл бұрын

Deformed fossils are so cool! It’s such a good reminder these WERE living breathing organisms like us!

@CromoPaleoShow 3 жыл бұрын

@Jacob Masten thanks 😂

@f.u.m.o.5669 2 жыл бұрын

Future scientists might think your fossil is cool

@davinhart1349 Жыл бұрын

i like to imagine dinosaurs with really extreme defects which must have existed, imagine a new-born diprosopus t rex!

@feluriandelights4156 3 жыл бұрын

"It's not a phase mom!" Styracosaurus says as he walks out of hot topic

@hyperactivehyena 3 жыл бұрын

If the adult size of the horns developed in a quick growth spurt as that subadult suggests, that would make a lot of sense as to why there's so much variation. They were very specifially 'individual', whatever had already happened in the animal's life, healed injuries or random genetic chance had a chance to put a mark on the bone before those horns grew in to suit their conditions. Things like individual fitness would probably have had a huge effect too, weaker or less nutritionally healthy individuals might grow wonkier or smaller horns. And let's not forget that keratin sheath~

@NonDelusional74611 3 жыл бұрын

Much like a calico cat’s coloring is determined by a random flicker between genetic options.

@zythe69akaru 3 жыл бұрын

This is a good point!

@carrieseymour5197 3 жыл бұрын

Funnily enough, in the past when I've been looking at the multiplicity of ceratopsians distinguished by slightly different frill spike arrangements, often I've often pondered the possibility that some of these are just individuals with slightly wonky spikes.

@polarbear6197 3 жыл бұрын

Huh funny

@FuriosoDrummer 3 жыл бұрын

It would make perfect sense based on how general it is among living organisms to have substantial developmental plasticity. Look at red deer for example - we see mature individuals with anywhere from 4 to 16 (or more!) prongs, and everything in between. Why would dinosaurs not have similar variation among individuals within a species?

@wadespencer3623 3 жыл бұрын

@@FuriosoDrummer Well to be fair, antlers and horns have pretty different developmental histories.

@kilianortmann9979 3 жыл бұрын

This whole thing basically stands and falls with the standard deviation of spike shape. If that is relatively wide, you might be absolutely correct. But if sigma is relatively narrow, even a small size or position difference could mean an entirely new species, or subspecies. In that case the paleontologists who want to discover new species are correct. Problem is, the sample size is not large enough to reliably calculate sigma. tl,dr Don't know, could be both.

@Kehy_ThisNameWasAlreadyTaken 3 жыл бұрын

If you look at deer, antelope, bovines, ect. it's the case that sometimes the animals with wonky horns/antlers do have preexisting health conditions that means they're more fragile and likely to die from stress compared to normal animals. Maybe there's just more of them that died and left fossils at key sites

@firegator6853 3 жыл бұрын

maybe if they had good memory they could recognise each other by looking at the horns of each individual's spikes

@IceSpoon 3 жыл бұрын

I mean...considering how diagnostic teeth are to describe mammals, one palaeontologist could grab two human jaws and say "this one has wisdom tooth, this one doesn't. Therefore, they're two different sub-species of human". And that's not the case. At the end, I thought you were describing a case of wisdom tooth :O

@MH-ms1dg 3 жыл бұрын

I've been wondering this too.

@MaryAnnNytowl 2 жыл бұрын

No, they wouldn't. One tooth not being there, when all of the others are the same, would *not* cause them to say they're different species. Teeth can be diagnostic, but aren't _all_ that's used. Plus, with all of the other teeth being the same, they would consider it as being the same species.

@BryantCutler 3 жыл бұрын

Would be really interesting to know if it was Styracosaurus that was uniquely weird or if it was Centrosaurus that was uniquely consistent. Do we have a large-enough population of Pachyrhinosaur specimens to check for parietal angle asymmetries?

@dusknder1238 3 жыл бұрын

One would think the Colville River in Alaska would be a good site for that.

@pharoahcaraboo9610 3 жыл бұрын

so, is this potentially implying that some centrosaurines are actually styracosaurus' with different horn growths?

@frostbitetheannunakiiceind6574 3 жыл бұрын

@Jacob Kimber lmao same

@nutyyyy 3 жыл бұрын

Well it depends on when they are from, most ceratopsids didn't exist at the same time.

@darthvaderbutwayshittier7054 Жыл бұрын

Eh, not really, they lived several million years ago away from each other, and all Centrosaurus specimens we discovered had nearly identical frills and spikes.

@Ryukai-san 3 жыл бұрын

Could be worse, they could have been like a Red deer, i.e. both shed and regrow their spikes every year, and they grow slightly differently every year too :D Also speaking of comparing them with Red deer, they don't have perfectly symmetrical antlers either so maybe palaeontologists in the far flung future may decide every single male deer is a separate sub species due to this :P

@manueldejesusrojassandi3919 3 жыл бұрын

I hope Brown hears your hypothesis and tests it. It could help to understand better what is going on with this dinosaur.

@Parasaurolophus476 3 жыл бұрын

Makes you wonder if the asymmetrical dinos had a hard time with attracting mates or not. I wonder if it was a big deal for the animal.

@annepearn4545 3 жыл бұрын

Could also go the other way - it may be seen as unique and sexy, like suddenly developing blonde hair.

@Fed.E 3 жыл бұрын

imagine all the other dinosaurs speciment variations that where depicted as different species of genus of animal

@Painted_Owl 3 жыл бұрын

I can't remember if it was PBS EONS, or SciShow, but they had a video talking about redoing the tree of life. Honestly, I couldn't agree more

@Vulcano7965 3 жыл бұрын

Well who wouldn't want to be the one who discovered a "new" specimen? But sometimes it's really hard to draw the line since we only have the bone structure to work with

@nutyyyy 3 жыл бұрын

Suppose it depends if they were actually contemporary.

@WaluigisBulge 3 жыл бұрын

Always great to see more YDAW

@pawned79 3 жыл бұрын

I recently found this show and have probably watched a hundred of these YDAW videos. They are some informative and this guy’s gotten a lot better at it over the years. I really appreciate all the cool information!

@marcodegiovanni3696 3 жыл бұрын

Sometimes authors are just more inclined to name new taxa instead describing new specimen of a already known genus or species... This is somewhat even more common within ceratopsia (do you remember the 11 “species” of Triceratops?)

@NetherStray 3 жыл бұрын

Makes me think of goat horns and deer antlers. Goat horns can be pretty nuts and deer antlers can be ridiculously asymmetrical with their prongs.

@jamesklinger1438 3 ай бұрын

Yeah. And I also think about the individual's diet. One whitetail buck may have a very healthy rich diet leading to large horns while another deer of the same species and age has a poor diet and leads to symmetrical but small horns.

@gwoo98 3 жыл бұрын

I would be interested in an episode on dubius genera that were standard dinos in the 70s like monoclonius, androdemus, trachodon, etc. Thanks and eagerly awaiting the next episode.

@simplyharkonnen Жыл бұрын

Ah yes, Troodontidae. Named for a species that doesn’t exist.

@brece5452 3 жыл бұрын

So we should give Styracosaurus braces, neat.

@asiawojcicka9909 3 жыл бұрын

recently ive rewatched the styracosaurus video and wondered if you were going to do a synapisode about it. There you are doing a synapisode about it!

@Milotis82 3 жыл бұрын

new YDAW video let's GOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

@saucepirate8970 3 жыл бұрын

If only they had horn braces

@wocky661 3 жыл бұрын

I'm so early! Love your videos! You made me dive back into my dinosaur obsession and I thank you for that, but my wallet doesn't :p About the symmetry, mutations like that are fairly common, I mean, about teeth, well I had 7 extra teeth (thet were extracted, thanks god) and none of them were symmetrical. They also fused with "normal" teeth and we had to get the good one removed too. Sometimes nature can do scary things to the body!

@jakeodell4584 3 жыл бұрын

Great job, and there was a 2020 study on dilophosaurus.

@piyastudios 3 жыл бұрын

Could the subadult Styracosaurus discussed by Brown et al also have been a younger female? It’s typically males that do the fighting over mates, so a female may have not have had a need for large horns, similar to the lack of antlers on some species of deer or tusks on Asian elephants.

@meganlukemo 3 жыл бұрын

I love how much credit Steven gives me for thinking all these meaningful things. “You may be thinking...” yes. I presumed very science-y knowledgeable things like that. Please explain. 😆 BTW shameless plug, the ornaments in the YDAW Etsy shop are fantastic, mine are already wrapped and waiting for Christmas!!

@fubene5495 3 жыл бұрын

That styraco is just an inmature adult, like a 3 years lion that only needs to grow his hair for 2 more years to be a full lion able to compete for some love.

@Vesmir789 3 жыл бұрын

Really interesting video! I'd love to see a paleoartist's life reconstruction of the specimen with the deformed skull, it would probably have looked really interesting. Your theory about an extra epiparietal 3 seems to make sense too, especially considering the shared anchor point as you demonstrated. Either way, Styracosaurus is definitely more varied than I had ever realized. As a small recommendation, it could be interesting to look at dinosaur depictions in video games as opposed to toys :) games like ARK: Survival Evolved, The Isle, Jurassic World: Evolution, and the upcoming Prehistoric Kingdom

@maxjenkinson9870 3 жыл бұрын

100% agree :)

@fleebbb5809 3 жыл бұрын

If dinosaurs were alive today, the genuses wouldnt be so strict. I think we should merge a few genuses together. I mean, panthers and tigers are the same genus but if we only knew about them through fossils, they would TOTALLY be different genuses.

@cryodrakonboreas8628 3 жыл бұрын

Not likely on a skeletal level Tigers, Lions, and most of the genus panthera look identical this actually is the cause for a lot of debate when it comes to fossil big cats as it is extremely difficult to tell members panthera apart especially if you are dealing with a more basal member of the genus

@Riceball01 3 жыл бұрын

I agree, to a point. I'm pretty sure that a lot different genuses and species of dinosaurs are really probably the same. But given that we only have their skeletons to go with and human nature in general (the desire to be able to say that you identified a new species or genus of dinosaur) it's not going to happen. That is, not unless/until someone comes up with a foolproof method of telling which animals are really the same genus/species and which aren't. It would probably take something like being able to read DNA like a book, but, as we all know DNA decays over time and dinosaur DNA would/is fragmentary, at best. But you get the idea. We need a system that doesn't rely solely on physical appearance in order to truly tell which dinosaurs are the same and which are not.

@cryodrakonboreas8628 3 жыл бұрын

@@Riceball01 I agree with you and my solution to this issue is that we shouldn't focus only on the physical characteristics , but also the temporal and spacial data given by the fossils. Using both systems combined is what i belive will get us a close as we can to the true diversity of Dinosauria.

@carlosandleon 3 жыл бұрын

I think on a skeletal level loads of modern Panthera species will fall into one species. I believe the opposite will be the case.

@Bullboy_Adventures 3 жыл бұрын

Can't believe you actually made the video I suggested

@ryaquaza3offical 3 жыл бұрын

Add this to the list of reasons why styracosaurus is the most interesting ceratopsian Besides Sinoceratops anyway

@Bullboy_Adventures 3 жыл бұрын

Why the sino?

@itzhellraptor._.9923 3 жыл бұрын

@@Bullboy_Adventures because its the only advanced ceratopsian outside of north America, it was found in china, Asia's ceratopsians are primitive

@TheRunningLeopard 3 жыл бұрын

I won’t dwell at all on this but am I the only one who thinks Steven looks good with the salt/pepper hair?

@Painted_Owl 3 жыл бұрын

Omg, he said, "see you next time"!! I'm so happy 😭 I've missed the regular uploads

@anemone3777 3 жыл бұрын

consider me properly bugged

@timmcdaniel6193 3 жыл бұрын

They didn't have orthodontics because orthodonts didn't evolve until the late Paleocene. (They were offshoots of glyptodonts.)

@Symphing12 3 жыл бұрын

I always look forward to a YDAW episode! Keep it up!!

@MrFaert 3 жыл бұрын

I hope we'll get a new spinosaurus episode soon, discussing all the recent discoveries and the different iterations it went through!

@barrybarlowe5640 3 ай бұрын

I'd really like to see the subadults. If these things were herd dinos maybe the young didn't need the frill because the adults would protect them?

@ChickenWired 3 жыл бұрын

Enjoyable! First thing I thought of when you were describing this amount of variation is antlers in Whitetail and to a lesser extent Mule Deer.

@BadAssXerx3 3 жыл бұрын

interresting as always, deformed fossils are fascinating

@Lord_of_Snels 3 жыл бұрын

(about the sub adult styracosaurus segment) this sounds similar to deer for me, think about how bucks grow to almost full size before getting their first antlers, these first antlers aren't very big, the bigger the antlers the older and stronger the buck. however, despite not having antlers when young and having very small antlers as fresh adults, healthy bucks will still readily use their antlers as a defensive weapon against wolves, bears and mountain lions, this could be equated to styracosaurus

@historiansrevolt4333 3 жыл бұрын

Great job, as always!

@danielprosser7834 3 жыл бұрын

As a Ceratopsian fan, I really enjoyed this one. Keep up the good work!

@MrVincentTremblay 3 жыл бұрын

Yessir, tell us how wrong our dinosaurs are!

@thisisbetterthanmyprevious6674 3 жыл бұрын

Your name is like a Gravity Falls reference, I mean this in the best way possible.

@carbmon 3 жыл бұрын

Awesome! The additional P3 reminds me that my missing permanent tooth causes my whole teeth shifted, and finally it gets me two canine teeth next to each other (got abraded by the upper true canine teeth).

@Ironic_daemonic 3 жыл бұрын

It makes sense, modern animals that grow big horns have lots of variation within species. Just look at cow horns.

@tizzieblack3384 2 жыл бұрын

As Perpetually Rebranding says (and now it might bug you...) I like the way you deliver complex information, so that even I can understand it.

@hokostudios 3 жыл бұрын

You mentioned the frill variations being tested again time, but I'm curious whether geographic distribution was tested against? Assuming we have fossils from more than one locale.

@YourDinosaursAreWrong 3 жыл бұрын

Oh, good question! Wilson, et al. considered that, but concluded we don't have evidence that eucentrosauran populations got split up, though they were forced to move as the interior seaway coastline did. As far as Styracosaurus itself, it was very restricted geographically (or at least the individuals we've found were). Brown, et al.'s Styracosaurus specimens all came from within ~20km of one another.

@alejandroelluxray5298 3 жыл бұрын

Funnily enough, monoclonius went for a similar path

@hugocafasso 3 жыл бұрын

So much information condensed and it’s still a light and fun video to watch. Awesome animations also! I love this channel 💚

@jasone.4052 3 жыл бұрын

I love these videos. You guys have a great way of discussing in depth the small details of dinosaur biology that really flesh them out and make them seem like real animals that actually lived

@DinopTheDino 3 жыл бұрын

Yay more videos!

@boredwarlock5216 2 жыл бұрын

Really cool so these these understandings come to light in our lifetime. Please keep us up to date if things change again

@semaj_5022 3 жыл бұрын

This was so cool and interesting and just made me love Styracosaurus even more! It always helps to remember every species will have variation between individuals, and some species show it more than others. That can make it tricky to figure out what you're looking at, sure, but to me it also makes it more interesting and exciting. This channel is a godsend, btw. I'm glad I discovered it in 2020 of all times.

@SilverDawnArrow 3 жыл бұрын

An orthodontist for horn sounds like an adorable idea for anthropomorphized dinosaurs; an orthoceratist?

@Nacho12396 3 жыл бұрын

Seems like the uniformity of later centrosaurines could be an example of a genetic bottleneck: tons of variation in styracosaurus followed by some severe population reduction primarily leaves individuals displaying stellasaurus traits, perhaps as a biological advantage or just random chance.

@atheistbluesmetalhardrock824 3 жыл бұрын

Really interesting, thank you. Anything else you have on ontology especially would be extremely welcome. Fascinating.

@leminjapan 10 ай бұрын

Looks like Majora's Mask from some angles lol. Also, it's neat to hear that deformities survive in fossils as well! Reminds us that they were real animals and not mythical monsters

@stuchly1 Жыл бұрын

This was absolutely fascinating.

@WaterShowsProd 3 жыл бұрын

The late horn and ornamentation growth certainly does imply mating purpose, but regarding defence it could also indicate strong herd defence with the fully ornamented adults protecting the juveniles in case of predator attacks.

@brycevo 3 жыл бұрын

This is such a great video. Thank you

@zolundlee 3 жыл бұрын

Could you guys do acrocanthosaurus? I’d especially love to hear about its phylogeny

@voilatheexecutioner 3 жыл бұрын

Neoteny in paper 3 seems very interesting, great video as always!

@filipjagic1919 3 жыл бұрын

Quality content

@qqweebird 3 жыл бұрын

its so amazing to me how just one specimen can teach us so much about a group of dinosaurs! that almost full-grown individual that had yet to grow in its horns is incredible! i wonder how prevalent that trait was among other genera.

@Tuishimi 3 жыл бұрын

Makes me think about Torosaurus vs Triceratops.

@Everett1107 3 жыл бұрын

Exciting!!!!!!

@TomMSTie1138 3 жыл бұрын

Now I'm picturing a young Styracosaur with braces on their horns.

@ezrataylor2956 3 жыл бұрын

Someone should draw that!

@gdwolf7 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing!

@KnufWons 3 жыл бұрын

Is that a new camera? Looking good!

@MBRSims 2 жыл бұрын

I have Greg Paul's Dinosaur Field Guide book with all the skeletal reconstructions, and though I do think he has a habit of dumping lots of obviously different related species in the same genus just for simplicity, I was struck by how near identical the post cranial skeletons of so many ceratopsids seem to be. Maybe there could be more to this...

@DStecks 3 жыл бұрын

Thoughts on the ontogenetic horn variance topic: The lack of "full size" horns on a young adult specimen doesn't 100% imply that the horns were totally ornamental, at least based on the "vulnerable youths" argument, if Styracosaurs lived in herds. Youths wouldn't need protective horns because their actual protection is in being close to many full-grown adults. Also, if a specimen known to be, for all intents and purposes, an adult, still has horns that appear juvenile, that might indicate that the horns continued to grow throughout life.

@MarStacey 3 жыл бұрын

IT'S NOT A PHASE, MOM! LOLI cackled

@jasonvoorhees5180 3 жыл бұрын

I’d love to see you guys cover ceratosaurus

@espantalho4141 6 ай бұрын

I wanna make a dinosaur survival game one day with acurrate dinossaurs kinda like ark just so i can incorporate those random facts like individual variation, extra horns, itd be so fun to tame a styraco and see each of them have a diferent set of horns

@ethanlee8621 3 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad you made a video about this. Watching it makes it much easier to understand than reading some scientific article, especially for a small brained dino like me.

@CivilizedMania 3 жыл бұрын

Missed this

@MarioLanzas. 3 жыл бұрын

There are no toys of Scansoriopterygids, but I hope they get a dedicated video in YDAW some day!

@callumevans6507 3 жыл бұрын

There is a miniature toy of Yi qi by PNSO, but I'm not sure anyone would send that in.

@steggieweggie 3 жыл бұрын

Clicked so fast

@sowmya17779 3 жыл бұрын

ydaw can u plz do some videos on cenozoic animals. i personally want you to do gastornis

@drewforchic9083 3 жыл бұрын

Kind of makes me think of modern deer/elk/moose/etc other cervidae (I know the difference between horns and antlers, but hear me out) where there's a ton of variation between number and arrangement and shape of points on their horns/antlers, both within a species and between species. In the case of Styracosaurus, we don't know enough yet to tell if we're looking at two different deer or a deer and an elk.

@Infernoraptor 3 жыл бұрын

I'm watching the thing about the parietal horns "crowding" makes me think of wisdom teeth in humans (and then you mention it as well). After hearing you talk about the juvenile, Im wondering if they developed in a sonic-hedgehog conveyor akin to our fingers. You also said the horns are initially ostederms. If an injury breaks a proto-horn, could it grow into two horns?

@colisanpixel Жыл бұрын

Random idea. You know how tiger stripes are unique and so are finger prints? Imgine if some of the Ceratopsian species had that, but when it came to their frills (Either with patterns, ostioderms, spikes, lumps, etc). Idk just a random thought

@shadowlightning3755 3 жыл бұрын

Steven has done all my fav dinos part from 2 daspletosaurus and kentrosaurus i really wanna know what he thinks about these two btw love all your videos

@filippozauc 3 жыл бұрын

Please make more films about recent papers like this!

@syedsyclone6827 2 жыл бұрын

Maybe Rubeosaurus was the friend we made along the way?

@EnbyNomad 3 жыл бұрын

S/o to the heroes keeping Dino content alive

@plushboyq42LH 3 жыл бұрын

In one of your episode can't remember which one you said that archosaurs can have five digits but only three of those digits had claws but on a theropod's dewclaw has a claw thats four claws on a foot thats doesn't make sense can you explain this sometime also do a giganotosaurus ydaw episode

@waterramp1 3 жыл бұрын

i like this chanal and will like all your video's before even watching. Never got it wrong though

@MrTheMighty 3 жыл бұрын

I found this talk extremely interesting! Styracosaurus wasn't really a dinosaur that was in our minds and mouths when I was in elementary school, and only in the last maybe ten years or so am I learning that there were so many more than I could have possibly known back then. Also, and this is unrelated to the topic of the video, but how ridiculous is it that even though I was in kindergarten in 1988 I still pictured Iguanadon roughly like its 1930's appearance in the outro until I was in my 20's?

@murunbuchstanzangur 3 жыл бұрын

the endless war continues. i am working on a paper that aims to reclassify the lumpers (Paleontologos gooii) and splitters (P. pricklius) under a unified species. but im sure some new finding will be unearthed that will divide them again pretty soon..

@--Paws-- Жыл бұрын

I wonder if these arrangements also happens with Pachycephalosaurs and Stegoceras, or any other head adorned dinosaur.

@marvelsomething1952 3 жыл бұрын

12:00 do we know if they cared for their young? If they did then the adults could've looked after the juveniles and it wouldn't necessarily be an issue.

@austinhinton3944 3 жыл бұрын

Even in modern hooded mammals, the young are still vulnerable. Predators will try and separate calves from their mothers, as young animals are easier targets. Most calves will die from predators, hence why herds will all give birth within a few days, so that there are more calves than predators and statistically raise the chances that any one calf will survive.