What /Actually/ Happened at Chernobyl

  Рет қаралды 2,634,886

vlogbrothers

vlogbrothers

5 жыл бұрын

This video was so dang fun to research, which, of course, I feel super guilty about because, like, real people died. But, after watching the HBO miniseries, I knew there was more to the science of this. I've also heard a lot of stuff from both credible and non-credible sources that just doesn't hold up to scrutiny. The idea of the "graphite tipped rods" for example is just a simplification for broad audiences. But I've also heard smart folks talk about how RBMK reactors have a positive /fuel/ temperature coefficient, which is not true. No nuclear reactors do, since fuel that reacted more as it got hot would be the kind of thing that would explode every time.
However, for a moment, because water had become such a vital part of the neutron absorption in the reactor, it did have a positive temperature coefficient...meaning that getting hotter made it hotter which made it hotter which made it hotter. That's a coefficient for the entire reactor, and it's due to the "positive void coefficient" where, as the water got hotter, it got less good at absorbing neutrons.
Usually that would be more than counter-acted by the negative fuel temperature coefficient, which is why they thought it couldn't explode...but it was not in this particular circumstance.
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Пікірлер: 3 300
@vlogbrothers
@vlogbrothers 5 жыл бұрын
Corrections! 1. Not all of the uranium in a nuclear bomb...fizzes...actually only pretty small amount does before the core blows up and the atoms get too far apart. And yet...it's still a pretty big deal. 2. It's not "fizzes." Fission is both a noun and verb, so uranium "fissions" 3. I imply in this video a little bit that you can't have a light (regular) water reactor with a negative void coefficient...you can, you just need a different fuel / moderator realtionship. There are lots of light water reactors that are much safer than RBMK designs....they tend to require more fuel enrichment. 4. An earlier version of this video got the date wrong and said October 26th instead of April 26. I just removed that line, which is something KZfaq lets you do now. Let me know if you've got anything else I should add here!!
@naomilovenpeace
@naomilovenpeace 5 жыл бұрын
So my birthday is on the anniversary of the Chernobyl meltdown? Yay?
@aaronwestendorp7352
@aaronwestendorp7352 5 жыл бұрын
@@desireevelez530 Mine is when the Hindenburg crashed, well I was born a few decades later, but still
@chesh1rek1tten
@chesh1rek1tten 5 жыл бұрын
I was so confused bc I was sure Chernobyl was in my birth year but over half a year before I was born, causing my mom to worry like crazy about me. (She lived in Germany, close enough to be possibly affected.)
@wratched
@wratched 5 жыл бұрын
@@naomilovenpeace Mine too. Here's a tip. Turn off the news.
@mariewikiwaka3851
@mariewikiwaka3851 5 жыл бұрын
*Unnecessarily Pedantic Alert* The verb form of fission is also fission. So, U-235 fissions in a chain reaction.
@ShyamSharma-gs8tt
@ShyamSharma-gs8tt 5 жыл бұрын
After watching Chernobyl. You know I am something of Nuclear Physicist myself.
@ankushmenat
@ankushmenat 5 жыл бұрын
He's delusional. Send him to the infrimary.
@juliejules5833
@juliejules5833 5 жыл бұрын
lol...myself also!
@juliejules5833
@juliejules5833 5 жыл бұрын
I didn't know so many people watched this show "Chernobyl" from HBO...its not Game of thrones!!
@kylesteinhauser2535
@kylesteinhauser2535 5 жыл бұрын
You didn’t see graphite.
@AstraIVagabond
@AstraIVagabond 5 жыл бұрын
After watching this video, you mean!
@BKnight_
@BKnight_ 5 жыл бұрын
Wait, did you just explain how an RBMK reactor explodes? This man is in shock, take him to the infirmary.
@Anxmaly666
@Anxmaly666 3 жыл бұрын
@Rob C you didn't see graphite, BECAUSE IT'S NOT THERE!!!
@Werrf1
@Werrf1 3 жыл бұрын
@Rob C Nah, there are only 3.6 Chernobyl quotes. Not great, not terrible.
@EthanMeatan
@EthanMeatan 2 жыл бұрын
@@Werrf1 i’ve told that equals to a chest x ray..
@bradentribble6374
@bradentribble6374 Жыл бұрын
@@EthanMeatan And, by the way, it’s not one chest X-ray, more like… 400 chest X-rays.
@EthanMeatan
@EthanMeatan Жыл бұрын
@@bradentribble6374 oh I was making a reference to the HBO show Chernobyl! Thanks for the not so fun fact tho lol
@MR_GPU
@MR_GPU 4 жыл бұрын
"Graphite tipped rods" Pencils?
@jakehildebrand1824
@jakehildebrand1824 4 жыл бұрын
yeah, didn't you know pencils are the most widely used type of control rod? only problem is that the erasers get a little hot.
@edwardwestbury
@edwardwestbury 4 жыл бұрын
Bruh
@theorange1729
@theorange1729 4 жыл бұрын
Jake Hildebrand Really?
@jakehildebrand1824
@jakehildebrand1824 4 жыл бұрын
@@theorange1729 yeah, but it could be because they use those cheap pencils that are made with fake wood
@gennieapulova8017
@gennieapulova8017 4 жыл бұрын
Chernobyl was a graphite moderated water cooled reactor meaning that graphite tips balanced and controlled temperature. Water also acts as a neutron absorber (just like a control rod) but i think it evaporated + rods were pulled up. They were supposed to be lowered. when engineers lowered it there was 15 second delay, graphite tips reacted by insane temperature increase and that is when explosion happened. Someone who understand this better can explain.
@DrYeet2704
@DrYeet2704 4 жыл бұрын
0:03 : no it didn't. This man is in shock. Toptunov, take him to the infirmary.
@aamirali5281
@aamirali5281 4 жыл бұрын
🙄
@esmeraldadessire8514
@esmeraldadessire8514 4 жыл бұрын
He's delusional...🙊
@MB-kz2vq
@MB-kz2vq 3 жыл бұрын
HAHAHHAHAHA
@Anxmaly666
@Anxmaly666 3 жыл бұрын
You didn't see graphite, BECAUSE IT'S NOT THERE!!!
@oliviaeiler7595
@oliviaeiler7595 3 жыл бұрын
this is an elite comment, love it, 10/10
@feynstein1004
@feynstein1004 5 жыл бұрын
Dyatlov: Hank is clearly in shock. Get him to the infirmary.
@internziko
@internziko 5 жыл бұрын
Lol
@rishavagarwal5352
@rishavagarwal5352 5 жыл бұрын
I have seen worse You didn't see graphite you didn't !! You Didn't !!!!
@roryjones95
@roryjones95 5 жыл бұрын
@@rishavagarwal5352 "BECAUSE ITS NOT THERE!!!!!!!"
@kyril98741
@kyril98741 5 жыл бұрын
Must be from the feedwater
@rishavagarwal5352
@rishavagarwal5352 5 жыл бұрын
There is no core
@recklesflam1ngo968
@recklesflam1ngo968 5 жыл бұрын
*Reactor explodes* Dylatov: “Not great, not terrible”
@biggiec8224
@biggiec8224 5 жыл бұрын
*Dyatlov
@lyrimetacurl0
@lyrimetacurl0 5 жыл бұрын
"Well, at least we did the test. Conclusion: The test failed."
@nylo5186
@nylo5186 5 жыл бұрын
The other guy: “not great, not horrifying”
@WisdomInEverything
@WisdomInEverything 5 жыл бұрын
Get this man to the infirmary!
@danner253
@danner253 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this comment lol
@jamesricker3997
@jamesricker3997 4 жыл бұрын
In defense of the Soviets regulations for running the reactor stated the exact amount of control rods that were to be in the reactor at all times. Dyatlov broke that rule the computer suggested they shut down the reactor , Dyatlov didn't listen. The biggest mistake is they did not make the reactor idiot proof.
@nicholaskelly6375
@nicholaskelly6375 3 жыл бұрын
I am reminded of a comment that was made by the late Major Peter Olver HM Railway Inspectorate in the UK " Nick remember that you can make something fool proof until a bigger fool comes along! No amount of legislation will not prevent someone from being stupid" Unfortunately Peter's comment is painfully accurate. To be fair to Dylatov he didn't really know what he was doing. The real problem was the very lax safety culture present in the USSR coupled with a strong "Can Do" attitude at all levels.
@jacob4012
@jacob4012 2 жыл бұрын
@@nicholaskelly6375 Dyatlov was the deputy Chief Engineer of the plant, and had 14 years of reactor experience prior to working at Chernobyl. He was one of THE most knowledgeable people there on reactor operation, he abso-fuckin-lutely knew what he was doing, and regardless had multiple times he could have prevented the accident. It's not solely his fault of course, far far from it, but he played a critical role in the accident and although the scram should have you know, *not* exploded the reactor, he shouldn't have pushed it to the point that it needed to be used. I do agree with everything else tho lol
@nicholaskelly6375
@nicholaskelly6375 2 жыл бұрын
@@jacob4012 The real problem was that he didn't properly understand what he has doing. I once met someone who had worked at Ingalina and it was clear that disaster there (and indeed at Leningrad) was avoided by the skin on its proverbial teeth! Had the facts of what happened been made more widely available at the other RMBK plants then it is very unlikely that anything would have happened. Also like any major catastrophe involving technology (RMS TITANIC is a very good example of this) there were several contributing factors which in themselves would have been irrelevant. But because they occurred in a certain sequence disaster became inevitable.
@neetard7360
@neetard7360 2 жыл бұрын
Thing is unless you tell ppl what will happen if you break the rules most won't take them seriously till something goes wrong or till they're told Since nobody knew its no shock rules were broken Well, ppl knew, but said knowledge was covered up to save face aaaaaaand boom (literally) here we are Nobody operating reactors knew so for all intents & purposes the rules were worth as much as the paper they were written on to the humans in the room on that fateful night
@SynchronizorVideos
@SynchronizorVideos 2 жыл бұрын
Many of the changes made to RBMKs after the disaster were to lock operators out from overriding key automatic safeguards like they did that night at Chernobyl.
@shivam_k09
@shivam_k09 4 жыл бұрын
I don't know much about nuclear physics and reactors, but I think the words "CHEAP" and "NUCLEAR REACTOR" in a sentence is not the best idea in most cases Edit: I cant believe that i need to to mention it explicitly, but here we go... THIS IS A JOKE!
@rdoetjes
@rdoetjes 4 жыл бұрын
Shivam Kulkarni actually, the price of energy in nuclear is only 1.82 dollars a KWH house. It’s because the fuel is incredibly cheap. The reactor is expensive but that easily runs for 50-60 years. So the write off is minima. Governments always squirm when the hear the average of 12 billion for large nuclear power plant. But they forget that it can run for 50 years without costly maintenance. So it’s actually relatively cheap in the long run.
@shivam_k09
@shivam_k09 4 жыл бұрын
@@rdoetjes Thank you. I really didn't know about these numbers. And $1.82 sounds like an awesome deal anyday! But since the reason we're talking about it is one of the greatest nuclear tragedies yet, it seemed like a good joke. That's all. I'm an engineer myself and I know the importance of "cheap" very well.
@tudorjason
@tudorjason 4 жыл бұрын
And the word "fast" shouldn't be mixed in there either.
@TheApostleofRock
@TheApostleofRock 4 жыл бұрын
@@tudorjason that is usually referring to neutron speed, if im not mistaken. It's not the speed of the reaction, which I agree, could sound reckless
@reboundrides8132
@reboundrides8132 4 жыл бұрын
Exactly why Soviet Russia no longer exists
@thewiirocks
@thewiirocks 5 жыл бұрын
Hank, this is a great explanation! I can clarify the moderator confusion though. It's not as complex as you think. All you need to understand is that *no atom "smashing" occurs during nuclear fission*. Quite the opposite. The actual reaction is that atoms absorb the slow moving neutrons like magnets snapping into each other. The additional atomic weight makes the atom too heavy to maintain its cohesiveness, resulting in the atom falling apart. That's what we mean by "splitting the atom". Once you understand this, it's easy to understand why fast-moving neutrons are a problem. They have too much energy to get captured by nearby atoms. It's like the difference between hand-tossing a magnet past another magnet versus firing the magnet out of a high-powered rifle. In the former case the magnetic field pulls the magnets together and halts the throw. In the second case the magnet moves out of the magnetic field too fast for the bond to be established. Now replace magnetic fields with strong nuclear forces and you've got it. :)
@khujastahahmed4979
@khujastahahmed4979 4 жыл бұрын
Are you a teacher or something? This made so much sensseee.
@yuuri9064
@yuuri9064 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this!
@duncanrobertson6472
@duncanrobertson6472 4 жыл бұрын
That helped a lot, thanks
@pamthevan7340
@pamthevan7340 4 жыл бұрын
I teach the transport of radio-active loads and I love your analogy. If this subject is your thing it is easy to grasp, if it isn't then the way you have just explained it is superb and I will use it in future lessons. Thank you.
@NeokingTech
@NeokingTech 4 жыл бұрын
Good explanation! What's also helpful to add is that in the case of U-238, the more stable isotope, it also captures slow neutrons well, but the energy added by a slow neutron isn't enough to excite it so that the electric forces are able to split the nucleus. However, the additional energy from fast neutrons is able to split U-238, albeit with low probabilities since, as you explained, it's harder to even capture a fast moving neutron. What's cool is that when U-238 absorbs a slow neutron, it decays into Pu-239, which is just as fissile as U-235.
@Violent2aShadow
@Violent2aShadow 5 жыл бұрын
John: Good! I know how a nuclear reactor works. Now I don't need you.
@davidferus2974
@davidferus2974 5 жыл бұрын
😂🤣😂🤣
@atomicbong7597
@atomicbong7597 5 жыл бұрын
LOL!
@SunilZishan
@SunilZishan 4 жыл бұрын
TBH in the next shot where they show the Helicopter flying for Chernobyl, I was waiting for a body to be thrown out of the chopper.
@BillCipher1337
@BillCipher1337 4 жыл бұрын
@@SunilZishan me too
@user-jq7dh9nc2r
@user-jq7dh9nc2r 4 жыл бұрын
@@SunilZishan me too...
@shunkela
@shunkela 4 жыл бұрын
Had to listen at .75 speed to make my brain work faster. Much like slowing down neutrons to speed up the reactor :-o
@GrayCatbird1
@GrayCatbird1 4 жыл бұрын
Well judging from your comment it paid off and you understood it well
@DrYeet2704
@DrYeet2704 4 жыл бұрын
Yeah, i can watch this at 2x speed and that makes my mind go haywire with knowledge. Which i like.
@-8l-924
@-8l-924 3 жыл бұрын
.75 speed. not great, not terrible.
@tapjar85
@tapjar85 3 жыл бұрын
Omg. .75. Yes.
@paahl1572
@paahl1572 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the tip!
@sebastjansslavitis3898
@sebastjansslavitis3898 4 жыл бұрын
Correction, there was no graphite, BECAUSE IT'S NOT THERE!
@donaldducktrump5508
@donaldducktrump5508 4 жыл бұрын
and excuse me while i puke my guts up on the floor due to radiation.............. sorry i mean due to the shit cooking my missus does..................................
@bluebaconjake405
@bluebaconjake405 3 жыл бұрын
Donald Duck Trump he puked because he was sick of the lies about graphite being outside the reactor
@Anxmaly666
@Anxmaly666 3 жыл бұрын
Only 3.6 Roentgens
@panitialucky6689
@panitialucky6689 3 жыл бұрын
@@Anxmaly666 not great, not terrible
@texaschainsawmass
@texaschainsawmass 3 жыл бұрын
@@panitialucky6689 im told its equivalent of 1 chest xray so if youre overdue for a check up...
@onytay75
@onytay75 5 жыл бұрын
Hank saying why does anything exist is how I like to get pumped up for my day.
@johng.3740
@johng.3740 5 жыл бұрын
So how is it working for the organized stalking system? How many people do you harass a day?
@selloutsanders5774
@selloutsanders5774 5 жыл бұрын
@@johng.3740 what the hell are you actually talking about?
@johng.3740
@johng.3740 5 жыл бұрын
@@selloutsanders5774 It is far, far, far beyond you and those who are in the know, know what I'm talking about.
@bigpeenerpeen
@bigpeenerpeen 5 жыл бұрын
Liked so you’d get to 999
@johng.3740
@johng.3740 5 жыл бұрын
@@bigpeenerpeen Rotate it 180 and you'll understand it better, it has to do with thisssss: fightgangstalking.com/
@42KG13
@42KG13 5 жыл бұрын
I majored in Physics at university, and you've done a really good job of explaining each term and each process step in a coherent way for the general audience - well done Hank :)
@alex0589
@alex0589 5 жыл бұрын
How would you know, you studied physics a university? hashtag woah
@42KG13
@42KG13 5 жыл бұрын
@@alex0589 I did a module on atoms, photons, and fundamental particles, which included nuclear fission and nuclear reactors. I don't claim to be a professor nor do I have a PhD. I just wanted to thank Hank for his time and effort into this video because it was good science communication, from someone who has gone through a standard undergraduate university course.
@42KG13
@42KG13 5 жыл бұрын
@@yozul1 He's probably right in that respect! Regardless though, I just wanted to highlight it was more the fact I liked Hank's delivery :)
@weiss9748
@weiss9748 5 жыл бұрын
Well I'll settle this...I'm getting my PhD in nuclear engineering....and I think he did a great job simplifying this. There are a few things I'd add to his theory/first portion of the video like for example how we could have other types of fuel (U-235 isn't like the only "holy-grail" we could use...we could use natural uranium for example...ask Canada about that). However...his explanation was excellent (in terms of simplifying things at least), and good in terms of technical fidelity....he left out the part in Chernobyl about the design flaws of the RBMK (the reactor), which also had a hand in the disaster. Soviet designs favored performance over safety....that's a big NoNo for nuclear work where we prioritize safety. They more specifically, favored Plutonium production over anything (for political reasons obviously). For example, he mentioned how the top blew off in the reactor....yeaaah this was a design flaw in their containment that they saw as a means to save $...which obviously was a bad decision. You can Google most of this stuff...it's not a cover-up (not anymore at least), so you can learn about all this stuff. But the thing to take out of this is that the nuclear industry is constantly reminded and learns from its mistakes...and while nothing is 100% safe (not even renewable energy), the industry and nuclear technology in general...with newer reactor designs being built everywhere in the world is much...much safer than Chernobyl, and any other energy industry you can think of nowadays (yes, more people die yearly from working on wind turbines than they do working in a nuclear power plant).
@vlogbrothers
@vlogbrothers 5 жыл бұрын
Hey, thanks!
@KarlKarpfen
@KarlKarpfen 3 жыл бұрын
Well the "thing that broke" during the SCRAM of the reactor was actually two things: The control rods did move very slowly in an RBMK reactor because of tight fits between control rods and their channels and the reactor is very huge, so it has to travel very long distances, while even a very slight inbalance in neutron generation per fission is a rapid increase of power: 1.01 neutrons per fission on average are a doubling of power every 7 milliseconds. That lead to a thing, the reactor was never designed for: A rupture of more than one fuel channel. This resulted in the reactor vessel turning into a giant steam piston and shooting out it's upper lid through the Ceiling of it's hot box, while pulling out all control rods and evaporating all the coolant at once because of the pressure release, it creates. For the following burning of the core: Graphite basically is the highest grade hard coal.
@flubadubdubthegreat1272
@flubadubdubthegreat1272 Жыл бұрын
Slight correction, it shouldn't be 1.01 neutrons per fission, in fact there's usually a bit more than that per fission. It's the *multiplication factor* slightly above 1 which causes the insane doubling time. The reason that the number of neutrons emitted per fission isn't the number we need to look at is because some neutrons emitted by fission will be lost, either by leaking out of the reactor or by being absorbed by other materials in the reactor. The multiplication factor, on the other hand, takes this into account and tells us how we can expect each generation of neutrons to grow
@ShafHussain
@ShafHussain 4 жыл бұрын
Since HBO’s Chernobyl, most of us have become nuclear ‘experts’ ☺️
@Damocles16
@Damocles16 4 жыл бұрын
I also watched Apollo 13. So I'm fully qualified to handle any kind of technical emergency
@jwadaow
@jwadaow 4 жыл бұрын
Senior Reactor Nuclear Engineer.
@fullfildreamz
@fullfildreamz 4 жыл бұрын
Chernobyl tv series is total garbage when it comes to accuracy though. Almost everything regarding radiation and nuclear is just plain wrong.
@charliespurr7325
@charliespurr7325 4 жыл бұрын
I'm a metrologist, I know what I'm doing. Means I can measure the SHIT out of it.
@charliespurr7325
@charliespurr7325 4 жыл бұрын
@@fullfildreamz Historically pretty accurate. Scientifically... Not as much.
@joshuagreen3185
@joshuagreen3185 5 жыл бұрын
Today's XKCD alt-text gives a pretty clever analogy to explain Chernobyl: "You know when you can't hear your speakers, and you keep turning various volume controls up higher and higher in confusion, and then someone hits the mute button and there's a deafening blast of sound? That's basically what happened at Chernobyl."
@RoboBoddicker
@RoboBoddicker 5 жыл бұрын
I think it's more like when you're learning to drive a stick shift and you feel it stalling, so you panic and just fucking floor the gas pedal while letting totally off the clutch at the same time and you peel out and wrap the car around a utility pole :D
@jasonadekunle7007
@jasonadekunle7007 5 жыл бұрын
@@RoboBoddicker This is funny because I'm learning stick shift & I done this in my lesson today LMAOOO
@annoloki
@annoloki 5 жыл бұрын
@Edwin Davies Would a metaphor for this be like trying to compare how you feel after a glass or orange juice and how you feel after a glass of apple juice? Hmm, you know, when I'm hungry I always think of food based metaphors, and right now, I'm dehydrated! I better get me a drink!
@TevelDrinkwater
@TevelDrinkwater 5 жыл бұрын
It's more like when you're commenting on a You Tube video and then you don't see your post, so you smash the submit button again, but then you double post. But completely different.
@doc.voltold4232
@doc.voltold4232 5 жыл бұрын
Or pulling a nail with all your strength and it detaches in a single instant making you fly against a wall
@sergioferrero98
@sergioferrero98 5 жыл бұрын
I missed explanation videos! These are the best! +4 minutes of good content right here!
@BrianFrichette
@BrianFrichette 5 жыл бұрын
For sure! I wish there was a whole channel for this! I know, there's SciShow(s), Crash Course, and I love them, but honestly nothing beats Hank or John just talking to me from their rooms. Nice graphics, too! Fancy, fancy.
@mad__crafter8940
@mad__crafter8940 4 жыл бұрын
You're wrong with your definition of Neutrons. It's *B U L L E T S*
@ethanlai1044
@ethanlai1044 4 жыл бұрын
they won't stop firing for millions of years
@typicaljungler6822
@typicaljungler6822 4 жыл бұрын
So u watched Chernobyl on popcorn time or smth
@ethanlai1044
@ethanlai1044 4 жыл бұрын
Get him to the infirmary
@jessicag2586
@jessicag2586 4 жыл бұрын
Hundred of millions of billions of BULLETS
@SummerSolsticex3
@SummerSolsticex3 3 жыл бұрын
This made me cackle
@MrOwenagetv
@MrOwenagetv 4 жыл бұрын
“It’s not 3.26 röntgen......it’s 15,000” Dyatlov: not great, not terrible
@TheBanjoShowOfficial
@TheBanjoShowOfficial 5 жыл бұрын
Akimov: The reactor is about to blow we have to shut it down right now AZ-5: Ima bout to end this man's whole career
@Nick_J_
@Nick_J_ 4 жыл бұрын
TheBanjoShow whole life lol
@peterkolesar4020
@peterkolesar4020 4 жыл бұрын
Im dead :D :D :D
@helldronez
@helldronez 4 жыл бұрын
@@peterkolesar4020well the man who press it is dead lmao
@richielek
@richielek 4 жыл бұрын
AZ-5 : imma bout to end this town's whole career
@TheAkashicTraveller
@TheAkashicTraveller 4 жыл бұрын
Because cirilic A3-5
@scottmanley
@scottmanley 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the shout out!
@HoneyMochi
@HoneyMochi 5 жыл бұрын
FOUND HIM.
@HoneyMochi
@HoneyMochi 5 жыл бұрын
-Play Elite Dangerous with me :(-
@dixie_rekd9601
@dixie_rekd9601 5 жыл бұрын
thanks for all the amazing content on your channel :D
@gavendb
@gavendb 5 жыл бұрын
you didn't see scott manley because he is not there!
@piter4595
@piter4595 5 жыл бұрын
How are you not verified?
@StormsparkPegasus
@StormsparkPegasus 4 жыл бұрын
That was a really great description of why the control rods were "graphite tipped". Because the oversimplified explanation just makes you go "WHY WOULD THEY DO THAT?" But seeing your diagram and what actually happened made it make sense. And it WOULD have been safe if they followed their own safety procedures.
@Blunderflutz
@Blunderflutz Ай бұрын
Agreed. “Soviets stupid, evil and CHEAP” makes for better television, though.
@hannahpuelle2748
@hannahpuelle2748 4 жыл бұрын
Hank, I took the NYS chemistry regents two days ago and there was a question on “heavy water.” All of my friends were quite confused, but I calmly answered the question thanks to my interest in this video! This, combined with crash course chemistry, were very helpful in my exam taking! Thank you as always!
@MarkBrowning
@MarkBrowning 5 жыл бұрын
As a Nuclear Engineer (by training), that was perfectly succinct for the depth required to accurately describe reactor design. You never said the buzzwords though! "Positive Void Coefficient of Reactivity." We talk about things in cents and use symbols like β (no, not that β, a different one), its so much fun! Still, the thing both your video and Scott's made me aware of was that it didn't *always* have a positive void coefficient, only when operating with all the control rods out. One nitpick: neutron flux is actually neutron flux density. Neutrons aren't stationary, they've moving all the time; talking about a static population density doesn't make sense, so we think about "flux density" which is the Number of Neutrons * Velocity / Volume, so n/cm^2/s, and even though its defined with a 2d perspective (1/cm^2), most reactors have isotropic scattering so its the same in all directions and you can just think of it as "neutron density".
@u.v.s.5583
@u.v.s.5583 5 жыл бұрын
There is such thing as static flux density distribution. Just write down the equations and set time derivatives to zero, and every solution of what remains in the equations will give a static distribution.
@SteveisTall
@SteveisTall 4 жыл бұрын
@@u.v.s.5583 so, ignore that time exists?
@u.v.s.5583
@u.v.s.5583 4 жыл бұрын
@@SteveisTall Not at all. It is a dynamic equilibrium. Energy flows from region to region, but the fluxes cancel each other out so that the distribution of the flowing physical quantity (neutron number density or whatever) remains stationary.
@gazlink1
@gazlink1 4 жыл бұрын
Its OK to neglect the density word for explaining to physics noobs.. But I agree it is useful for completeness... E.g. you could say there are a lot of people passing through a gate, causing congestion... But scientifically speaking it's that the density of people moving through the area of the gate is too high, and too many per unit of time (too frequently), a higher density and regularity/frequency of people movement than it was designed for, and the number of people passing through a gate per second doesn't determine congestion, only the density of people per second getting high enough causes congestion in any gate, no matter which gate or what its size is.. You can still say there's too many people trying to pass through the gate, rather than saying the density of people trying to travel through the gate is too high, and too frequently too many per second.. So yer, he got the flux bit which indicates "per second" and the density bit would have meant "per unit of surface enclosing it's volume", which matters for calculation, but not so much general communication. If people talked about electron flux when discussing e.g. a copper wire overheating due to the resistance of the wire to electrons passing through it, people would understand what you mean by saying too much electron flux rather than saying electron flux density.. We know which part the electron are flowing through, the volume being discussed I.e. the wire.. In case the word "current" didn't exist. Its also OK because he said the "neutron flux was too high in this part (the bottom) of the reactor", which is in fact understandably correct, as that part is a known volume, and so the high neutron flux density will have a defined total neutron flux, which will also be "too high" for this part of the reactor.
@knockhello2604
@knockhello2604 3 жыл бұрын
What's the other B
@AarmOZ84
@AarmOZ84 4 жыл бұрын
Gosh, this brought back warm fuzzy memories of me in Nuclear Power School thinking I was going to fail for sure. Unfortunately, I passed and realized how much it sucks to work in the engine room of a submarine.
@RoamingAdhocrat
@RoamingAdhocrat 4 жыл бұрын
no it doesn't, you're in shock. Take him to the infirmary.
@Fantastic_Timez
@Fantastic_Timez 4 жыл бұрын
The HBO show be like: Power Plant Worker: "So wtf do we do with the crossed out instructions? Do we skip them or what?" Control: "follow the crossed out instructions, ignore the rest" Power Plan Worker: "for real? Are you sure? Why..." Control: "Yeh, trust me bro" *Reactor explodes*
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
Nobody wanted to be responsible for failing the safety test again, AND causing the reactor to be out of operation for 2 days. Nobody wanted to lose their job or be sentenced to labor camps :P
@jonahmoran3751
@jonahmoran3751 3 жыл бұрын
Well the Soviet Union was changing radically when Gorbachev was in power
@KarlKarpfen
@KarlKarpfen 3 жыл бұрын
Crossed out instructions? There was no such thing. That's part of the problem.
@Fantastic_Timez
@Fantastic_Timez 3 жыл бұрын
@@KarlKarpfen It was portrayed like that in the HBO show. It might not have happened like that historically. TV shows love to embellish things to make them more dramatic, I suppose.
@KarlKarpfen
@KarlKarpfen 3 жыл бұрын
@@Fantastic_Timez Yes, but history tends to be remembered like it was portrayed in films and TV shows.
@kenj0418
@kenj0418 5 жыл бұрын
Dyatlov: "How does an RBMK reactor explode!?" Google: Here's a vlogbrothers video for you, comrade.
@PAUNOMOLUSCO
@PAUNOMOLUSCO 5 жыл бұрын
Too bad they’re some 30 years apart.
@jamesricker3997
@jamesricker3997 5 жыл бұрын
Commrade Kenneth, are you stupid? The Vlogbrothers are delusional.☢️
@nostromov7892
@nostromov7892 5 жыл бұрын
@@jamesricker3997 Actually, so is anybody who says "vlog", meh.
@endurovro
@endurovro 5 жыл бұрын
“YOU CAN’T EXPLAIN IT BECAUSE IT’S PHYSICALLY IMPOSSIBLE.”
@chornobylreactor4
@chornobylreactor4 5 жыл бұрын
@@endurovro Oh yeah that's what you think
@vryday
@vryday 5 жыл бұрын
You DIDN'T see the reference on the video because it's not there! *projectile vomits*
@SeanAFoXy
@SeanAFoXy 4 жыл бұрын
EW! I didn't order a salad covered in radioactive vomit. I want a refund.
@ltk_xv72
@ltk_xv72 4 жыл бұрын
Blogbrothers: I apologize *Collapses*
@kittenlord3572
@kittenlord3572 3 жыл бұрын
That's not granite
@26febry
@26febry 4 жыл бұрын
Damn, Chernobyl memes are too high down here in the comments.. I think we need higher capacity of dosimeter..
@26febry
@26febry 3 жыл бұрын
@PLOMBIR I like your too, Laughingman Clan..😅😅
@archlich4489
@archlich4489 3 жыл бұрын
Use the good one, out of the safe.
@adamheywood113
@adamheywood113 3 жыл бұрын
Three thousand _Chernobyl_ memes, not great not terrible
@MishMash95
@MishMash95 3 жыл бұрын
They bring us Faulty equipment and expect us to curb our memes?
@masonmatvich5784
@masonmatvich5784 4 жыл бұрын
Cpt. Mcmillan - “50,000 people used to live here, now it’s a ghost town” Est. 2007
@evalynn1863
@evalynn1863 4 жыл бұрын
Imagine how many more people would/could be living there today.
@xWHITExEAGLEx
@xWHITExEAGLEx 4 жыл бұрын
@@evalynn1863 Since many areas of Russia have a birthrate less than 2.1, and a declining population, probably there would be less people there than were living there in 1986.
@hrvojenakic-alfirevic8924
@hrvojenakic-alfirevic8924 4 жыл бұрын
@@xWHITExEAGLEx you know that Pripyat and Chernobyl are not in Russia right?
@xWHITExEAGLEx
@xWHITExEAGLEx 4 жыл бұрын
@@hrvojenakic-alfirevic8924 I do, shit, don't know why I wrote that, must have been sleepy.
@xWHITExEAGLEx
@xWHITExEAGLEx 4 жыл бұрын
@@hrvojenakic-alfirevic8924 That's what I get for being a smart-alleck.
@DwarfInBlues
@DwarfInBlues 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you, this was the first time I learned to understand what has happened. My dad was on the medical team at cleanup. Luckily, got no lasting ill effects.
@claudiatodor6430
@claudiatodor6430 5 жыл бұрын
Wow!!! Your dad is a hero and so is everyone who sacrificed themselves in this incident. God bless him!
@squamish4244
@squamish4244 5 жыл бұрын
Thank your dad for me for helping to save countless lives.
@LetsTakeWalk
@LetsTakeWalk 5 жыл бұрын
I was 5 when Chernobyl exploded. So many unsung heroes.
@Lionfish5656
@Lionfish5656 5 жыл бұрын
Does your dad feel that Soviet authorities were trying to cover up the incident?
@DwarfInBlues
@DwarfInBlues 5 жыл бұрын
@@Lionfish5656 Nah, he was not long after the compulsory service, so extremely loyal at the time.
@abbybaum2631
@abbybaum2631 5 жыл бұрын
Hey there! So i actually work in nuclear power, in fact I'm currently sitting inside a nuclear power plant watching this... I just wanted to pop in and say thank you for not painting the nuclear industry big mean and scary! Chernobyl was unprecedented and because of the safeguards in place today unrepeatable, I really appreciate that you took the time to explain how everything went down! DFTBA
@steeltrap3800
@steeltrap3800 5 жыл бұрын
@Adarsh kumar 3 questions: How many people have died due to nuclear waste not being handled properly? How much nuclear waste is stored around the world? Where is it stored? I think those 3 pieces of information ought to demonstrate the accuracy of your claim. Spoiler: it isn't accurate.
@steeltrap3800
@steeltrap3800 5 жыл бұрын
@Adarsh kumar You still haven't answered my 3 questions I see.
@GerVlad
@GerVlad 5 жыл бұрын
Abby Baum, hey man, how about paying attention to the reactor and when your shift is over then watch yt😅😓
@currythegoatofmankindthepa5156
@currythegoatofmankindthepa5156 5 жыл бұрын
Your sitting in taco bell
@ReddwarfIV
@ReddwarfIV 5 жыл бұрын
@Adarsh kumar "all you had to do was search, are you here to test my competence or to get educated?" You made the claim, you are the one who needs to prove it. I notice your entire comment was assertions, no links to anything that proves what you said.
@missmoxie9188
@missmoxie9188 4 жыл бұрын
Three Mile Island: I'm going down in history as the worst nuclear disaster in human history Chernobyl: hold my vodka
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
TMI wasn't even that bad, outside the reactor itself atleast. Yes, it had a partial meltdown, but the containment structure did it's job like it was designed to in the first place. They got very close to a full meltdown, and also a hydrogen explosion, but thanks to the reactor design they were able to mitigate those issues.
@Balnazzardi
@Balnazzardi 3 жыл бұрын
@@DrakeKillah ye but at that point (not counting Kyshtym disaster which wasn't revealed until after USSR fell) it was the worst nuclear energy related accident. Granted the damage was limited to plant itself BUT it obviously made it impossible to use that reactor ever again
@KarlKarpfen
@KarlKarpfen 3 жыл бұрын
@@DrakeKillah just one partial meltdown? RBMK: Hold my beer! ... partial meltdown in Leningrad-1, partial meltdown in Chernobyl-1, catastrophic failure of Chernobyl-4
@Passance
@Passance Жыл бұрын
A note on explosions. They absolutely do not require a phase change. You can get an explosive by pressurizing hydrogen and oxygen gas, which react to form steam/water vapour, also a gas. An explosion is primarily about pressure and energy.
@vlogbrothers
@vlogbrothers 5 жыл бұрын
This explains why for the last two weeks all of my KZfaq recommended videos have been either about the marblelympics or chernobyl. p.s. great video. I learned so much! -John
@SmokeyBCN
@SmokeyBCN 5 жыл бұрын
It's Limetime
@TxFw
@TxFw 5 жыл бұрын
kzfaq.info/get/bejne/h9N6gZB9srbSiGQ.html scared of nuclear? Galen Winsor wasn't... he eats radiation for breakfast!!
@squamish4244
@squamish4244 5 жыл бұрын
Good morning John.
@ianporter2446
@ianporter2446 5 жыл бұрын
So disappointed in the Oceanics this year
@gamlaman
@gamlaman 5 жыл бұрын
TIL that John does his casual KZfaq browsing on the Vlogbrothers account. Imagine being a tiny channel and uploading a cake baking manual and suddenly Vlogbrothers likes it
@HellgateAcademy
@HellgateAcademy 5 жыл бұрын
At 11:45 “and so... and so, and so...”. My favorite line reading of any video. More Vonnegut than Vonnegut could ever Vonnegut.
@123duker
@123duker 3 жыл бұрын
Its ironic and borderline Kismet that i watched that Scott Manley video FIRST, then found this video. Now, having watched Scott's in depth video first, and then this slightly watered down version I feel like I understand Chernobyl better than if I only watched one or the other. Thanks guys!
@rishabram4389
@rishabram4389 4 жыл бұрын
I think you are mistaken comrade. RBMK reactors don’t explode.
@somethinglikethat2176
@somethinglikethat2176 4 жыл бұрын
Disgraceful really, spreading disinformation at a time like this.
@rishabram4389
@rishabram4389 4 жыл бұрын
If you watched the Chernobyl series you would get the joke, It’s a quote from the movie😂
@somethinglikethat2176
@somethinglikethat2176 4 жыл бұрын
@@rishabram4389 so is the disinformation line. Viktor Bryukhanov to Valery Legasov. When he says "explain how an rbmk reactor explodes".
@rishabram4389
@rishabram4389 4 жыл бұрын
Adam Hussey Yes and Valery’s response at that was that he didn’t know because nobody knew exactly how it can explode at that time. My quote was to show the irony that Bryukhanov and other Russian Nationalist at that time could not believe that the core could explode in an RBMK reactor. Calm down boomer😂
@somethinglikethat2176
@somethinglikethat2176 4 жыл бұрын
@@rishabram4389 first of all I'm not a boomer. Secondly even if I was you'd still be using that term incorrectly. And thirdly I simply pointing out that it is a line from Chernobyl and that you're wrong, something I'm sure you hear a lot.
@tescomealdeal9901
@tescomealdeal9901 5 жыл бұрын
Please tell me how an RBMK Reactor Core Ex- Wait nvm
@helldronez
@helldronez 4 жыл бұрын
it didn't you are delusional!
@nihaalsandim9986
@nihaalsandim9986 4 жыл бұрын
It didn't .....it didnt happpopppenen (shouting)
@copiasrats
@copiasrats 4 жыл бұрын
TheIdiotNextDoor RBMK reactors dont explode. Youre delusional go to the infirmary
@krisgray8739
@krisgray8739 4 жыл бұрын
Lies...
@PimithyAnn
@PimithyAnn 5 жыл бұрын
I'm a physics grad student and one of my professors worked in a lab near chernobyl during this time. he's told us a lot of stories from living in the soviet union but by far the scariest ones are from chernobyl. he said the number of friends that he had die from the disaster was in the double digits. he remembers working in his lab and the kgb going door to door taking any equipment that could have been used to test how bad it really was, but he got to his office, put his coat on, stuck a radiometer under his arm, and snuck it out of there. he said he measured radiation levels that were 100 times higher than what the government was claiming they were. and once he got over to america, he wouldn't take any assistance from the government, even though i think he was essentially a refugee, because he didn't trust any government at that point. on a slightly lighter note, he said he made a satellite dish out of a metal sled, like one of those disk shaped ones, so he could watch tv. also he has a very strong accent so sometimes during lecture he has difficulty saying some words, but one time last fall he said "yknow i dont think our president could say that word so its fine that i cant either."
@PimithyAnn
@PimithyAnn 5 жыл бұрын
@@no-one-in-particular mmmm yes, saying the president cant say "infinitesimal," what a sick burn, how dare he insult the president like that
@ramjb
@ramjb 5 жыл бұрын
​@@no-one-in-particular What's so bad about it?. The freedom to do just that is what makes free countries special. If you're implying in some ways that he shouldn't/couldn't then that means he very well could've staid put in the USSR...or that the US isn't that different from it to begin with. Which isn't the case. Freedom to be able to think whatever you want and say as much is one of the reasons the US was born to begin with. Question that freedom (be it in US-born people, or by assimilated immigrants), you'll stop being what you are supposed to be. Your call. Oh and now we're at it I highly doubt the current president of the US was president when that guy moved into the country.
@kyle8952
@kyle8952 5 жыл бұрын
@@ramjb "Freedom to be able to think whatever you want and say as much is one of the reasons the US was born to begin with" Why did they kill MLK again?
@ShortArmOfGod
@ShortArmOfGod 5 жыл бұрын
I'll let you pick the next category, Alex.
@fedora__thexplora.335
@fedora__thexplora.335 4 жыл бұрын
@@ShortArmOfGod thank you.
@calebshonk5838
@calebshonk5838 4 жыл бұрын
In layman's terms, the reactor is like a diesel engine. Rather than using the accelerator pedal to slowly bring the engine up to speed, they took the governor off and set it to wide-open-throttle. It started to overspeed and their "solution" was to try to slam the intake closed. And not only did it completely destroy the intake, it blew off the cylinder head in dramatic fashion and caught on fire. (Obviously an oversimplification, but I think it fits).
@missmoxie9188
@missmoxie9188 4 жыл бұрын
Caleb Shonk that's pretty good
@EverythingN.Nothing
@EverythingN.Nothing 4 жыл бұрын
Ah! Thank you. I'm a gearhead, not a physics buff so THAT I understood.
@williamwilliams3447
@williamwilliams3447 4 жыл бұрын
Great comment. All I will add is that the reactor has only one cylinder, the piston weighs 100 tons and the cylinder head (the upper biological shield or as the Russians say " the pyotachok " or 5 kopeck (nickel) piece weighs 50 tons.
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
Absolutely fits as a simplified explanation. It's not perfect, but it gets the point across with an analogy to something people are more likely to understand 👍 It doesn't explain the xenon poisoning, meltdown and following steam explosion, but it doesn't have to.
@user-xg8yy7yl1d
@user-xg8yy7yl1d 4 жыл бұрын
Actually this can happen in Diesel engines. It’s called a “runaway” diesel and since Diesel engines are controlled by regulating the amount of fuel that goes in rather than air like a gas engine they will keep going a diesel in runaway sometimes getting so hot they will start combusting elements in the air itself and engine oil and the only way to stop it is to choke off the air intake and hope the engine is sealed enough that air won’t be sucked in elsewhere as the faster an engine is running the more air it can draw in (why Diesel engines don’t have a safety valve that can close the intake I don’t know but runaways are rare and usually only happen with poor condition engines anyway. Shitty explaination probably but to understand it requires understanding how a Diesel engine works but they rely on heat and compression to ignite the fuel Gas engines can’t runaway because they need fuel within a certain tolerance air and importantly a spark. I think it’s near impossible to detonate fuel in a gas engine on compression alone
@rdoetjes
@rdoetjes 4 жыл бұрын
Best explanation I saw thus far. Chernobyl is a bit of a passion of mine. As it led me to prove for my physics exam piece that nuclear power is dangerous and how we should avoid it. Only to find out the opposite. And people are wrongfully scared. These situations like Chernobyl and Fukushima are rare and impossible even with modern fast breeders. To keep fission happening there it’s like riding a unicycle, whilst rubbing your stomach and juggling. What stunned me the most, is that for the most excessive deaths estimate of all 3 nuclear reactor disasters. In the worst case 8000 people died. Whilst 8000 people alone die in The Netherlands of fine dust alone. Often from coal and oil burning. And nuclear reactors safe about the same amount of lives almost weekly. Due to its isotopes being used in medicine to cure people from cancer.
@mephistophelesfussli819
@mephistophelesfussli819 4 жыл бұрын
While probably lot less deaths than other energy sources, mining uranium probably kills a bunch of people.
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
I do agree that Nuclear Power is pretty safe now, situations like Chernobyl are almost impossible once all outdated reactors are finally decomissioned. Modern reactors are passively safe. Coal and oil is just stupid... The number of direct deaths from the Chernobyl disaster was low, but the number of people affected by the aftermath was much higher: "According to Vyacheslav Grishin of the Chernobyl Union, the main organization of liquidators, "25,000 of the Russian liquidators are dead and 70,000 disabled, about the same in Ukraine, and 10,000 dead in Belarus and 25,000 disabled", which makes a total of 60,000 dead (10% of the 600,000 liquidators) and 165,000 disabled"
@richardmillhousenixon
@richardmillhousenixon 6 ай бұрын
​@@mephistophelesfussli819Probably no more than mining coal does, tbf
@sanderleung1807
@sanderleung1807 5 жыл бұрын
Hey John can you explain the amendment of extradition bill requested by Hong Kong Government, which caused 1 million citizens to protest at 9th Jun last week. It means a lot to Hong Kong people!Thanks.
@foreveryeung52
@foreveryeung52 5 жыл бұрын
seconding this! there's a lot of misinformation being spread by the chinese gov't, and western media has not been fully covering the underlying issues. but also, 2047 (the year the 2-system, 1 country agreement expires) is coming up, and I wonder how inevitable china's actions are.
@milicakrunic4898
@milicakrunic4898 5 жыл бұрын
+
@taylor-
@taylor- 5 жыл бұрын
+
@andrewshewan4551
@andrewshewan4551 5 жыл бұрын
+
@swimswum
@swimswum 5 жыл бұрын
+
@chadmiettunen
@chadmiettunen 5 жыл бұрын
In addition to all the harm done to the environment and human life, Chernobyl made the world scared of nuclear power. I theorize that if the Chernobyl disaster didn't happen we'd have more nuclear power plants today and a smaller carbon footprint as a result.
@baruchben-david4196
@baruchben-david4196 5 жыл бұрын
Yes, you're probably right. But it did blow, caused an unbelievable mess, killed people. Bottom line, if fission power were safer, people would be more inclined to use it.
@Flornmonk
@Flornmonk 5 жыл бұрын
@@baruchben-david4196 it IS safer.
@PV1230
@PV1230 2 жыл бұрын
I believe Three Mile Island and the "China Syndrome" movie had already started the scare, at least in America.
@bobsandler4563
@bobsandler4563 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you!! I loved the HBO show and as a completely non-science person, I still tried to do as much research on this as possible to understand, at least in layman's terms, what really happened. You are the first person that has actually helped me to understand the graphite tips thing. The only explanation they gave on the show was that they used them because it was cheaper. That never made sense to me and I never understood why the had to have "tips" on the control rods in the first place. Thanks, again for helping clarify this.
@ravenshrike
@ravenshrike Жыл бұрын
The longer explanation is that it is cheaper to have the moderator and absorber on the same rail system. More expensive and more complex to have them on separate systems. However, when on separate systems, you cannot have the type of disaster occur like that which occurred at Chernobyl.
@IrisGlowingBlue
@IrisGlowingBlue Жыл бұрын
++
@willgrant5322
@willgrant5322 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, thank you, thank you! Have been reading/watching/listening to so much material to try to understand what happened in Unit 4 at Chernobyl, and this is by far the most succinct and approachable explanation I've come across. Again, thank you!
@cmhiekses
@cmhiekses 5 жыл бұрын
Understatement of the century: “... the top popped off the reactor...”
@maksphoto78
@maksphoto78 4 жыл бұрын
Well, it did, due to steam pressure. Had there been no second (much stronger) explosion, the damage might have been much less.
@ju.h_man
@ju.h_man 4 жыл бұрын
@@maksphoto78 it did not pop. It literally got obliterated into another dimension
@maksphoto78
@maksphoto78 3 жыл бұрын
@@ju.h_man No, it popped up due to steam pressure. It was just enough to damage the reloading machine, and let oxygen into the reactor, which cause a much, much more powerful hydrogen explosion. That explosion was what obliterated the central hall, making the 1.2 meter thick walls literally disappear.
@skyrrr
@skyrrr 3 жыл бұрын
Yes, the several thousand tonne top
@jonahmoran3751
@jonahmoran3751 3 жыл бұрын
No the lis was thrown up into the air and then landed back down on its side back into the reactor it was blown through the roof then the massive explosion occurred
@Spiros219
@Spiros219 5 жыл бұрын
i love that hank went so deep into what was the problem with the reactor where i was like : there was much heat things went wrong and caboom
@milo_thatch_incarnate
@milo_thatch_incarnate 4 жыл бұрын
I literally enjoy learning ANYTHING 10x more if you or John are teaching it, Hank. God bless you
@Acaios
@Acaios 4 жыл бұрын
Actually, an "explosion" is just a "relatively rapid" variation in volume. it does not have anything to do with phase change. I can assure you that a oxy+hydrogen tank can explode as well and they are both gasses. The rapid expansion is usually caused by combustion which add a lot of thermal energy to the mix, and not by phase change. Also, to be extremely precise, "detonation" is the world you were looking for. deflagrations are explosions as well, but expansion occurs slower than the speed of sound.
@rosiej9655
@rosiej9655 5 жыл бұрын
I always disliked physics in school, but now I realize that it was just because I didn't have great teachers.
@livelaughmusic1017
@livelaughmusic1017 5 жыл бұрын
You need to learn the boring basic stuff to understand the more interesting, advanced stuff
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
Not all physics deal with exciting stuff like nuclear reactors though :P
@PurdueManDan
@PurdueManDan 5 жыл бұрын
Great video! I have studied Chernobyl since ‘97 and this is one of the best ways I have heard how to explain the cause and effect of this disaster to someone who may not understand the exact physics
@jfmezei
@jfmezei 24 күн бұрын
You're the second "how it happened" vodeo after I fell into this rabitt hole. Your explanation of the 2 seconds of rods and how they were used is by far the clearest I have seen so far. Also read one appendix to an IAEA document that has translated Russian report from way back then. One component they mention is that when they turned off the turbine and only ran the pumps (as part of the test), there was less cooling happening and the water being pumped into reactor was getting closer and closer to boiling point at that pressure (about 1000psi as I recall), and eventually flash boiled.
@generousness8882
@generousness8882 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for posting this! I was curious about the science behind the explosion but when I tried to read about it, it completely flew over my head, i have a little grasp on it now!
@letsgetoutsidenow
@letsgetoutsidenow 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for including a link to Scott Manley's video, nice work on keeping it simple,still early hopefully this thread doesn't get filled with the anti nuclear hype.
@General12th
@General12th 5 жыл бұрын
I was hoping he'd reinforce the goodness of Mr. Manley's video.
@NiramBG
@NiramBG 5 жыл бұрын
Damn, at about the middle point of the video I was sure I was lost and that I would either have to rewatch this video a few times or just outright give up on understanding what happened, but at the end there somehow everything you talked about fell into place and I experienced a moment of clarity and understanding I have not experienced since I was a kid. Props to everyone who contributed, in any way, in writing this video. I am truly thankful!
@SCWgreg
@SCWgreg 4 жыл бұрын
You’ve explained this simply, much better than anyone to date, even Scott Manly, and better then the scientist portrayed in HBO show. Gas and brake analogy is excellent. Thank you.
@ubt__________
@ubt__________ 3 жыл бұрын
You guys don’t know what you’re talking about! RBMK reactors can’t explode! 🤦‍♂️
@EthanMeatan
@EthanMeatan 2 жыл бұрын
Right, this guy is delusional! Take him to the infirmary.
@DarthSmirnoff
@DarthSmirnoff 5 жыл бұрын
"Something isn't possible" - Said by someone, right before something happens.
@squamish4244
@squamish4244 5 жыл бұрын
And yet we continue to think this or that isn't possible.
@HoneyMochi
@HoneyMochi 5 жыл бұрын
You're delusional. Take them to the infirmary m
@manameisw5524
@manameisw5524 5 жыл бұрын
Oh shit
@baruchben-david4196
@baruchben-david4196 5 жыл бұрын
Unsinkable. Unbreakable. Impossible. We should stop using those words. It's just asking for trouble...
@melkiorwiseman5234
@melkiorwiseman5234 4 жыл бұрын
One of the detailed applications of Murphy's Law. If something bad can't possibly happen, it will, at the worst possible time. Fun Fact: The original Murphy's Law was only "If a part *can* be installed wrongly, it *will* be installed wrongly, sometime, by someone." The statement came from aircraft repair mechanics during WW2, which also gave rise to the word "Sprog" meaning an apprentice aircraft mechanic who had yet to learn the difference between a sprocket and a cog. Later, it referred to anyone young and inexperienced before lapsing into disuse in recent times.
@jedigecko06
@jedigecko06 5 жыл бұрын
Saw the Scott Manley video first. I really think the neutron flux diagram added to my understanding.
@InterStellar375
@InterStellar375 Жыл бұрын
Explained very very very well :) hours and hours of research of this, and u actually still managed to tell things I didnt know. :)
@rhino202
@rhino202 4 жыл бұрын
Great vid. Your enthusiasm makes me wish it was about 30 minutes long
@mariewikiwaka3851
@mariewikiwaka3851 5 жыл бұрын
I needed 13 minutes of vlogbrothers today even if I learned all about this in one of my classes. Also, Fun Fact: Fission is a noun and a verb.
@nintando
@nintando 5 жыл бұрын
+
@eikawithac
@eikawithac 5 жыл бұрын
Fun fact part 2: the related adjective is “fissile”!
@1992ilikepie
@1992ilikepie 5 жыл бұрын
How it a verb
@mariewikiwaka3851
@mariewikiwaka3851 5 жыл бұрын
Katelynn Murphy Because the English language is stupid.
@antred11
@antred11 5 жыл бұрын
@@1992ilikepie The same way words like partition or requisition are both verbs and nouns.
@punkinholler
@punkinholler 5 жыл бұрын
"Good. I know how a nuclear reactor works. Now I don't need you" No really though. This explanation was much appreciated. I just watched Chernobyl yesterday and that graphite tip thing was bothering me because it seemed too stupid to be the whole story and I hadn't gotten around to looking it up yet.
@somolsunny
@somolsunny 5 жыл бұрын
punkinholler me tooo !!! During the court session , I was like “ who in the world would tip it with graphite “, even though he explains it is cheap and so they preferred it!! I was not satisfied
@hux2000
@hux2000 5 жыл бұрын
No one says that the graphite tip thing was the whole story. No idea where you're getting that from.
@michealbay1290
@michealbay1290 4 жыл бұрын
@@somolsunny Think of the graphite tips like spark plugs in a car's engine; the petrol might be hot enough, but still needs a spark to get the tiny explosion for running the engine.
@sparcolonsdale
@sparcolonsdale 4 жыл бұрын
Dyatlov:I am inevitable. Button:And i am AZ-5.
@chollettgarrett
@chollettgarrett 3 жыл бұрын
I’ve made this point several times, but if you truly know a subject, then you should be able to explain that thing to any person with any level of knowledge. This is a great dumbed down video for people who want the gist of what happened without having to strain too much. I think you could probably explain this to a fourth grader in a way they could comprehend. Thank you very much. This explained much more than Chernobyl HBO series, which explained much more than any video up to that point that was comprehensible to a lay man. Thank you
@nyuzoo
@nyuzoo Жыл бұрын
HEy its a me MARIO!
@logicplague2077
@logicplague2077 5 жыл бұрын
RBMK reactors are perfectly balanced, as all things should be. Dyatlov: Hold my vodka.
@anarchyfork2676
@anarchyfork2676 4 жыл бұрын
Thanos’ favourite reactor
@user-hr5xz6lm1t
@user-hr5xz6lm1t 3 жыл бұрын
You are a maron, RBMK has the huge defects
@Hurricayne92
@Hurricayne92 5 жыл бұрын
The biggest issue with Chernobyl was that they actually knew about this very specific lost of things or at least suspected but suppressed the information.
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
Yeah they knew, and no-one wanted to be the guy to stand up and say: "Yo, we need to redesign this, even though it's expensive" Back in The Soviet Union 😂
@FormerGovernmentHuman
@FormerGovernmentHuman 2 жыл бұрын
Agreed it was extremely dangerous the information was kept from them. But it doesn’t excuse the hours of blatant misuse of a nuclear reactor leading up to the very situation that information would be relevant.
@ThirdLawPair
@ThirdLawPair Жыл бұрын
The biggest issue was the positive temperature coefficient of reactivity.
@WaterCrane
@WaterCrane Жыл бұрын
They did have a situation before in a different reactor where the AZ-5 (SCRAM) button was pressed, and a momentary power spike was recorded as the water was displaced, but it wasn't enough to cause it to go prompt critical before the boron took over.
@solidsnake11087
@solidsnake11087 4 жыл бұрын
Hank this is a seriously AWESOME video. I learned so much and I've watched the show! Thank you!!!
@avarielblackwing6613
@avarielblackwing6613 4 жыл бұрын
Totally loved this one. Thanks so much for making it. :)
@segerminator
@segerminator 5 жыл бұрын
Everyone after watching Chernobyl: You know, I'm something of a scientist myself.
@sohinidutta97
@sohinidutta97 5 жыл бұрын
"Whyyy? Forces? I guess?" Same, Hann, same. And I'm studying physics 😂😂😂
@knutritter461
@knutritter461 Жыл бұрын
Although I got an M.Sc. in chemistry I had still been able to understand the physics involved prior to your video. It took some time.... well done! Great job you have done! Btw: In my country we had light-water reactors as well... 😉
@hsailer
@hsailer 3 жыл бұрын
By far the best explanation of the Chernobyl reactor control rods, their construction, and their role in the nuclear disaster. Long overdue.
@lootbox289
@lootbox289 5 жыл бұрын
Me: _watches Chernobyl_ All my gamer tags 1 day later: *RBMK_Reactor*
@HoneyMochi
@HoneyMochi 5 жыл бұрын
He's delusional, take him to the infirmary.
@airplanenut89
@airplanenut89 4 жыл бұрын
Made me lol.
@therandomytchannel4318
@therandomytchannel4318 4 жыл бұрын
Rbmk: Russian badly made krap 😁
@mahay7038
@mahay7038 4 жыл бұрын
123rd like 😂
@DrakeKillah
@DrakeKillah 4 жыл бұрын
players who end up in your team: Aight, I'mma head out 😳
@motionxt
@motionxt 5 жыл бұрын
"Reactor design is all about creating Balance" Sounds like Thanos but ok.
@jaellanthehat3693
@jaellanthehat3693 5 жыл бұрын
Who is thanos?
@Josh-hr5mc
@Josh-hr5mc 5 жыл бұрын
@@jaellanthehat3693 Ever heard of any movies with the title "Avengers" in it.
@jaellanthehat3693
@jaellanthehat3693 5 жыл бұрын
@@Josh-hr5mc One
@RRSmurf
@RRSmurf 4 жыл бұрын
@@jaellanthehat3693 I'll do you one better.. Why is Thanos!
@jaellanthehat3693
@jaellanthehat3693 4 жыл бұрын
@@RRSmurf what?
@chookiebum
@chookiebum 4 жыл бұрын
I am watching the Chernobyl series on HBO. Your explanation of the dynamics of the event were invaluable to me and is making my enjoyment of the series way more intense. Mad respect from Virginia 👍✌️
@gzk6nk
@gzk6nk 3 жыл бұрын
What an excellent video - not least the explanatory introduction. Thanks!
@s4b1n33
@s4b1n33 5 жыл бұрын
I failed honors chemistry this year and this made sense to me. Thanks Hank, for making extremely hard concepts suddenly so beyond simple.
@xgemx9055
@xgemx9055 5 жыл бұрын
Is this the guy that did "crash course" the biology channel? If so thank you so much I got a distinction in every assignment because of your videos! Love how you teach 💓💓💓
@leonietrzeba6778
@leonietrzeba6778 5 жыл бұрын
This is in fact the guy
@lour3548
@lour3548 3 жыл бұрын
"So hot that it, in fact, dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen..." This description of the development of H2 and O2 in the steam-pressurized reactor strikes me as a little too simplified. My understanding--and I've seen the HBO series twice, mind you--is that the zirconium jacket around the fuel reacts with the steam to form hydrogen. No one knows for sure exactly what sequence of (chemical) events led to the two explosions, but I've always imagined that the first, smaller explosion was related to the compromise of the reactor top due to pressure, while the second explosion was the bulk of the hydrogen that had been formed inside the reactor finding the needed oxygen when the top popped. In any case, the "dissociation" of H2 and O2 is, I believe, the result of a chemical reaction between steam and zirconium at high temp. I only bring this up because your description makes it sound like the water molecules simply break apart.
@rinkashikachi
@rinkashikachi 3 жыл бұрын
You are correct
@derekparent752
@derekparent752 3 жыл бұрын
As a somewhat easy explanation of why neutrons need to be slowed down in a reactor to cause fission.... The neutrons do not smash into and breakup the uranium 235 atoms, they actually need to bind with them. This causes the atom to become unstable and then come apart (fission) releasing on average 2.4 more neutrons. This explains why neutrons need to be moderated (slowed down) so as to allow a better chance for the uranium to capture one and then blow itself apart releasing energy in various forms, alpha, beta....thermal etc. E = mc² energy = mass x speed of light (constant) squared Joules = kg x 299,792,458 m/s squared Speed of light is measured in meters per second. c² = 89,875,517,873,681,764 m²/s² Nice shoutout to Scott Manley, he does fly safe. 👍
@immikeurnot
@immikeurnot 5 жыл бұрын
"There are lots of light water reactors that are much safer than RBMK designs." The vast majority of reactors are light water. The disaster at Chernobyl really was worst case. The only way it could have gotten worse is if the reactor had been located in or near a major city. Having a reactor straight-up explode like that is something that's unimaginable in almost any other country and with almost any other design. This was a result of third-world style mismanagement coupled with a design that was inherently unsafe and lacking the kind of failsafes that sane nations design into such things. The Soviets were no strangers to irresponsible use of nuclear power. Just look at their first reactor.
@jonbonbru
@jonbonbru 4 жыл бұрын
Technically its a "second world design" because the soviet union was a second world country. (Google the definition of the word)
@37butterflyprincess
@37butterflyprincess 4 жыл бұрын
It wasn't even a very flawed design. The overrode multiple safety measures to conduct the test. The problem was the people in charge. Had they succeeded they'd be called brilliant, if they shut down the test and reacted in a safe manner, they would have been reprimanded. It was a failing of the society system.
@judsongaiden9878
@judsongaiden9878 2 жыл бұрын
Collectivists justify everything in the name of "order" and "sacrifice."
@judsongaiden9878
@judsongaiden9878 2 жыл бұрын
@@37butterflyprincess Hate the state!
@massinakmin8340
@massinakmin8340 2 жыл бұрын
@@jonbonbru He means. 3rd world as in poor.. he does not realise that usa is the only country where you can go bankrupt if you break a leg and cant pay medical bills. plus sovjet union also had other reactors and most of them are still active right now.
@anilatarannum
@anilatarannum 5 жыл бұрын
Watched Chernobyl. Came to KZfaq for more info. Bam! Hank does a video on it.
@chipworrell6025
@chipworrell6025 4 жыл бұрын
This is the stuff I subscribe to you for. Thanks.
@aspejcher
@aspejcher 3 жыл бұрын
Tremendous explanation of the disaster. Especially the graphite-tip clarification.
@sydg9388
@sydg9388 5 жыл бұрын
We actually just learned ab fission, fusion, radiocative decay, isotopes, and some related terms in physics 1 so i actually understood some of this!
@henryaugustine9853
@henryaugustine9853 5 жыл бұрын
I think the reason I’m so early is because notifications haven’t/aren’t showing up for this vid. Love the vids, shame that some people will have to wait a while or seek this out bc it’s really interesting.
@rozempire2843
@rozempire2843 5 жыл бұрын
KZfaq has been effing up with the notifications lately
@ChandlerFerry
@ChandlerFerry 5 жыл бұрын
@@rozempire2843 By lately you mean for the last 10 years right? :D
@rozempire2843
@rozempire2843 5 жыл бұрын
Chandler Ferry Haha, yeah, that’s exactly what I meant
@pavelavraamov5944
@pavelavraamov5944 6 ай бұрын
Best explanation of the accident I’ve ever seen! NOW I understand why the tips were made of graphite. It was completely unclear, but now I see the light. Thank you so much!
@ScenicoStudio
@ScenicoStudio 4 жыл бұрын
Great breakdown/explanation. I do recommend that you watch at .75x playback speed though. Lots to process!
@strangeworldsunlimited712
@strangeworldsunlimited712 5 жыл бұрын
Saw Scott's video first. As informative as it is, and as much as I was able to understand the sequence of events that led to the explosion (I'm a historian, not a scientist, so the crucial bits went over my head), your explanation of the neutron spike at the very end made it much more understandable. I went back and rewatched Scott's video and was able to better understand his explanation of the neutron spike. Between the two of you I now have a clearer picture of what happened. I was 13 years old when it happened, and watched as it all played out on the news back then. But only now, 33 years later, thanks to HBO, and thanks especially to you and Scott, do I know the full story about what happened then and, more importantly, how it happened.
@vlogbrothers
@vlogbrothers 5 жыл бұрын
We're a good team!!
@rayray2528
@rayray2528 5 жыл бұрын
You know what Chernobyl the show reminds me. Of it reminds me of what we are doing now with global warming.....I mean in the beginning they refused to accept that radiation was dangerous ......if they evacuated the city early many lives wouldn't have been lost.......
@anria85
@anria85 5 жыл бұрын
Sai 888 They knew how dangerous radiation was. But the government didn’t want news of the true scale of disaster to filter out, so they downplayed it.
@rastrisfrustreslosgomez544
@rastrisfrustreslosgomez544 5 жыл бұрын
Technically we know of radiation poisoning since 1934, the year marie curie died of it
@readonly1981
@readonly1981 5 жыл бұрын
Congrats, you're the first person I see making this connection. I'm serious. You got the message of the show. It's not "socialism is bad" , nor "government < people", it's exactly what you've got: "shit is boiling right now, and those who can do something about it lie or deny the problem"
@rayray2528
@rayray2528 5 жыл бұрын
@@readonly1981 thank you....dude.
@omgwtfbbqstfu
@omgwtfbbqstfu 5 жыл бұрын
Apparently the extent of the radiation in the show was exaggerated. That and nuclear power is actually understood on a concrete level. Or to actually try to use your analogy, the unknown factors factors for their nuclear design are trivial compared to the vast and chaotic complexity of global weather systems. Anyways, if we're going to bring up dangerous lies which will undermine civilization, the most pressing one is the assumption that evolution stopped at the neck.
@keirantalent
@keirantalent 4 жыл бұрын
Fukushima: being burned by a matchstick. Chernobyl: Being attacked by a bear that has mines taped all over it.
@milo_thatch_incarnate
@milo_thatch_incarnate 4 жыл бұрын
This is my new answer to any “why” question ever. “ForCeS, I guESs?!” 😂
@NateandNoahTryLife
@NateandNoahTryLife 5 жыл бұрын
Hank thank you for always making learning interesting!
@christie918
@christie918 5 жыл бұрын
I usually find physics very difficult, but you explained it very well. Thank you for posting this video.
@barneyellis1317
@barneyellis1317 2 жыл бұрын
I've watched quite a few explanations about exactly what happened at Chernobyl and to be honest I've never been able to understand a bloody word of it. After watching your video I think it's just 90% I don't understand so thank you :)
@Rabijeel
@Rabijeel 6 ай бұрын
A more understandable Analogy for that "Bouncing Off" would be a Stone you make ditch over water. If he is not fast enough going or does not spin enough, it drops in - but when fast, it bounces off.
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