What are the 4 features of OOP?
The four pillars of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are:
1. Encapsulation: Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, known as a class. It restricts access to the internal state of objects and hides the implementation details, allowing for better control over the manipulation of data and promoting code reusability and maintainability.
2. Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism by which a new class (subclass or derived class) is created from an existing class (superclass or base class), inheriting its attributes and methods. This allows for code reuse, extensibility, and the creation of specialized classes that inherit common behavior from a parent class.
3. Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass through method overriding and method overloading. Method overriding enables subclasses to provide their own implementation of methods defined in the superclass, while method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters to coexist in the same class.
4. Abstraction: Abstraction involves modeling real-world entities as simplified representations in the form of classes and objects, focusing on essential attributes and behaviors while hiding unnecessary details. It allows for the creation of generic classes and interfaces that define a contract for subclasses to implement, promoting code reuse, modularity, and flexibility.
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