What are the Strings in String Theory?
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5 жыл бұрынViewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
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Why strings? What are they made of? How did physicists even come up with this bizarre idea? And what’s all this nonsense of extra dimensions?
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Previous Episode:
Computing a Universe Simulation
• Computing a Universe S...
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Luke Maroldi
Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)
In physics we like to reduce down our description of the mechanics of reality to the simplest possible form. We expect the most fundamental machinery to have the fewest possible moving parts - or free parameters. This is why the standard model of particle physics is considered incomplete. Its equations predict many things with stunning accuracy, but they first require us to tune many mathematical knobs and dials. We need to use physical measurement to fix 19 free parameters like the masses of particles. And then there’s gravity, which doesn’t fit into the standard model at all. So surely there exists a deeper set of cogs and wheels - a theory that brings all observable phenomena into the same mechanical framework. That would be a theory of everything, and this is the great hope of string theory.
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سلطان الخليفي
@mexmexican8619 4 жыл бұрын
I’m glad there are well produced physics videos on youtube like this that don’t resort to sensationalism like other channels
@randyzeitman1354 Жыл бұрын
Me too. Unfortunately they’re not here.
@lucasterremoto7428 Жыл бұрын
I love how matt makes it clear what has scientific comprovation and whats is theorical
@lt3880 Жыл бұрын
michio kaku has left the chat
@J05Hization 11 ай бұрын
@@randyzeitman1354how so?
@jasoncruz19800 2 ай бұрын
String theory is the only way physics leads so it's inevitable. I did my undergrad in physics and yeah....there's 0 other options in the math..And physics is all math. Loop quantum gravity is blatantly incorrect(gr cannot be derived from it) and abandoned decades ago. String theory is literally the Only option
@craigdodman6637 4 жыл бұрын
The whole universe literally just be vibing
@nicolaparsons5703 Жыл бұрын
🤣
@Scroom0000 Жыл бұрын
What is that melody!?!?
@ganymedemlem6119 Жыл бұрын
This is my favorite comment ever.
@morsecodereviews1553 Жыл бұрын
@@Scroom0000 whatever LoFi Girl is listening to.
@robynsun_love 4 ай бұрын
Already is without string theory. The Standard Model already presumes elementary particles are really just vibrations within universe-spanning quantum fields. 🙃
@pluspiping 3 жыл бұрын
This is the first time I'm actually understanding (and retaining) wtf the "strings" are in String Theory. Excellent background and explanation! Thank you!
@forsaturn4629 5 жыл бұрын
*_quack_* *_anti-quack_*
@Skrajne_centrum 5 жыл бұрын
Theory of quantum ducks!
@fosheimdet 4 жыл бұрын
Supersymmetry predicts the existence of squarks such as the sup and stop squarks.
@specimen9862 4 жыл бұрын
Alpha気 quark********
@SaSa-fh2go 4 жыл бұрын
Ducks' quack isn't echo lol
@manashejmadi 4 жыл бұрын
*Kurzgesagt joined the chat*
@Pejvaque 4 жыл бұрын
You guys not only get much more in depth with these complex subjects than other places, but somehow still succeed in making it digestible!
@Michael500ca 5 жыл бұрын
But I don't want any more dimensions. It is already hard enough to find my keys.
@wollythebaker397 5 жыл бұрын
Your keys won't go to other dimension. At least at this level of technology. * _ 8 /
@Vatsek 5 жыл бұрын
You are a special case, the rest of us don't have that issue.
@-_Nuke_- 5 жыл бұрын
just imagine the struggle
@keithdurant4570 5 жыл бұрын
Not a problem...you just need to be driving a TARDIS.
@funnyclips1334 5 жыл бұрын
Don't stress too much about it, physicists cant find 84% of matter
@hunterstephens4541 4 жыл бұрын
"You guessed it." "I did?" "Strings." "Oh."
@LuisSierra42 3 жыл бұрын
I did
@stephenbrand5661 4 жыл бұрын
Man every time I try and really focus on this stuff I’m almost immediately confronted with words I have to look up and before I know it 5 minutes of the video have played without me having really understood or absorbed any of it in a meaningful way. Yet still I watch.
@Bluemilk92 5 жыл бұрын
*Me during the video* "Yup... Uh huh... Makes sense... Of course... Jeez, this guy's actually explaining String Theory, and everything he says makes perfect sense" "So what was the video about?" "Pff"
@redmed10 5 жыл бұрын
He does that have that style of delivery where you understand the words he is saying but not have a clue what he's talking about. It's like in hospital dramas where they throw all these technical terms about and they don't mean a thing to average joe but sounds good.
@tompatterson1548 4 жыл бұрын
String theory is a religion masquerading as science
@tompatterson1548 4 жыл бұрын
@Bacalhau da Noruegaeverythings made of strings made of nothing
@BradWatsonMiami 4 жыл бұрын
@@tompatterson1548: Wrong. Strings are made of energy and information.
@johncanag33 4 жыл бұрын
It's because during the video you are saying to yourself 'he understands it, he understands it, he understands it' rather than 'i understand it, i understand it, i understand it'
@matthewkagemann3328 5 жыл бұрын
I just ate string cheese while watching this video, and it is increasing my mass, eliminating my stress, and causing internal waves.
@Kalenz1234 5 жыл бұрын
Don't forget the rapid expansion into two of the three dimensions.
@kendomyers 5 жыл бұрын
Science!
@LuisSierra42 5 жыл бұрын
Are the internal waves bothering you?
@matthewkagemann3328 5 жыл бұрын
They eventually pass via the fourth dimension.
@TheRolvaag 5 жыл бұрын
I am too! What the fuck!?
@ASLUHLUHCE 5 жыл бұрын
This is what happens when you leave theoretical physicists on their own for too long
@comeonboi 5 жыл бұрын
he's a pickup instructor normally. this is his side job
@jamesbra4410 5 жыл бұрын
Study topology and come back to me
@rodneymatthewmiller2934 5 жыл бұрын
Well I question whether string theory is an expanse of Relativity? The reason I ask this is because The fundement of Quantum Physics is the Matter and the results of. Hence the search for the Graviton. String Theory is the concept of energy being the primary and matter being the secondary or at least the wall that exists between Multiverses. Theoretically the Graviton may exist beyond the wall of String Theory and String Theory is analogous with the Swartzchild radius of a Black hole. We have zero information about a Black hole yet we have attributed it to a singularity mathematically. I am confused about the relation of little g to big G. Why is it impossible to quantify Big G yet we are able to quantify little g. Especially considering spacetime has a quantfied time Dialation?
@Jazzblade1977 5 жыл бұрын
I thought that was CERN ;P
@melgross 5 жыл бұрын
You guys are very destructive. My bet is that he knows far more that all of you put together.
@upgrade1583 5 жыл бұрын
I find it strange that older videos are never wrong and it all fits together
@starcrashr 5 жыл бұрын
Q: "What are strings made of?" A: "It's strings all the way down!"
@MOSMASTERING 5 жыл бұрын
I love this channel. There's no way these videos are boring.. they're about the universe and everything in it!
@zenithomega19 5 жыл бұрын
Great. So the universe is a gigantic guitar
@hreader 5 жыл бұрын
Or a Bach fugue!
@richarddeese1991 5 жыл бұрын
Now all we need is a string theory Guitar Hero! Rikki Tikki.
@thewhizkid3937 4 жыл бұрын
Cosmic Musique 🎼
@Evan102030 4 жыл бұрын
And we are the most beautifully complex and harmonious chords God could create playing it. What is God made of though?
@thewhizkid3937 4 жыл бұрын
Evan102030 I guess for arguments sake, some people just say that "GOD" is dark matter (not really) but hope ya get the idea. There is also string theory which seeks to explain everything. We are all connected via an invisible string/chord
@reyeslerma720 5 жыл бұрын
I'm going for my associates degree in astronomy at the moment and love watching your videos to stimulate my mind no matter where I'm at. (I'm going to work toward a PhD)
@loathbringer 3 жыл бұрын
I don’t care if it’s been two years since you’ve made this comment. I hope you made it or are still pursuing it! Yeah science!
@InoriVoid 2 жыл бұрын
Im studying for my 7th grade stanford OHS midterm
@JonahNelson7 2 жыл бұрын
The sheer amount of information in the world is exciting
@blakeb9964 2 жыл бұрын
Hope you did it!
@abc-ey4ld Жыл бұрын
yeah me too man, i'm going for my associates in astro-physics/quantum biology in devry university ... excellent degree ...
@javierab4371 5 жыл бұрын
I wish I could live enough to see if we finally get to an answer for this 😭
@AmYiChai 5 жыл бұрын
well, you just might
@-_Nuke_- 5 жыл бұрын
I bet the asnwer is fries
@joeshmoe7967 5 жыл бұрын
Sure if you live to infinity....
@taurusmonkey8780 5 жыл бұрын
Amen brother. This is all fiction.
@noexitnoproblem6037 5 жыл бұрын
The answer is divide by zero.
@yuvalne 5 жыл бұрын
Wow, I didn't expect to be featured in the video. And my name was even pronounced pretty much correctly!
@pbsspacetime 5 жыл бұрын
Phew.
@talhatariqyuluqatdis 4 жыл бұрын
XD
@talhatariqyuluqatdis 4 жыл бұрын
@@pbsspacetime Hahaha
@yelectric1893 4 жыл бұрын
Awesome
@SaSa-fh2go 4 жыл бұрын
I'm glad you are here to explain these curious creatures about string theory
@ph0non 5 жыл бұрын
"Oh and we needed to add 22 dimensions to the familiar 4, no biggie!" xDD
@BradWatsonMiami 4 жыл бұрын
Unified Strings 21 or 19 (Dimensions & Aspects of Spacetime) is physics' 'Theory of Everything', yet it falls under the umbrella of GOD=7_4 or FOD=6_4 on Planet Nestor. See GOD704.fandom.com . Atheists hate this.
@OpportunisticHunter 4 жыл бұрын
@@BradWatsonMiami "Atheists hate this" hahaahahahah
@OpportunisticHunter 4 жыл бұрын
@@BradWatsonMiami God is the Super Artificial Intelligence that created this universe from an universe full of Matrioskha Brains
@bamb8s436 4 жыл бұрын
@@BradWatsonMiami I don t even get whatchu talkin bout
@BradWatsonMiami 4 жыл бұрын
@@bamb8s436: String theory states there's an additional 7 dimensions of hyperspace + the 4 common dimensions. There are 7 aspects of 'regular time' + 4 aspects of 'hypertime'. See GOD=7_4 Theory at GOD704.fandom.com .
@user-ko8fh5rd7t 4 жыл бұрын
You could say string theory comes with a lot of strings attached.
@elinicoritale6384 3 жыл бұрын
Zing!
@colelevel2654 3 жыл бұрын
No
@GuadalupeGonzalez-dl2xo 3 жыл бұрын
Bud um tiss*
@tres-2b299 3 жыл бұрын
Kurzgesagt
@chrismills9620 Жыл бұрын
yuk yuk yuk yuk yuk 🤪
@MichaelOrtega 5 жыл бұрын
Space is cool
@friendlydragon8999 5 жыл бұрын
So is microsopic world
@chii2924 5 жыл бұрын
Time is neat
@sfglim5341 5 жыл бұрын
Michael Ortega Cool is space 👌
@TheColemancreek 5 жыл бұрын
Space-time is very cool. Absolute zero is as low as you can go. Someone knit me wookie hair sweater, I'm shivering.
@user-lw5oc1tt8k 5 жыл бұрын
but showing off your channel in other channels isn't
@vytautasdanielius7058 5 жыл бұрын
Are the strings that control gravity called G-strings?
@Qqquuuqqquqqque1297 5 жыл бұрын
asking the real questions
@Nathan-yk5km 5 жыл бұрын
Ayyyyyy
@Jadinandrews 5 жыл бұрын
Ah, that explains the smell
@josed.vargas3961 5 жыл бұрын
Now they are
@huepix 5 жыл бұрын
No. It's a bottom E
@55painterman 4 жыл бұрын
can't believe anyone would say that any of your video's are boring?" ...no way! i learn something new every time i watch one of your video's .. to me every single video you make is incredibly interesting and mind expanding, and i want to thank you for all of your awesome video's Matt* ....
@theHiddenStone 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this. This was always one of the big missing pieces of the puzzle for me. It always seemed like the idea of string just came from nowhere.
@kdeuler 5 жыл бұрын
“Su”, my new favorite particle!
@beri4138 3 жыл бұрын
It's an element, not a particle.
@tres-2b299 3 жыл бұрын
@@beri4138 shutupandcalculateonium Its a joke, i know its an element
@TheExoplanetsChannel 5 жыл бұрын
Another master piece video
@williamblake7386 5 жыл бұрын
another useless string theory video on youtube. how about showing what laws and events look from a view of strings? strings solves singularity? ok good. show us how. every youtube video-same blablablah about extra dimentions and thats it. masterpiece, mother of god.
@malachiclark1896 5 жыл бұрын
@UR Just Wrong how is that a fair comment? Even the minority of us who are educated have problems comprehending this advanced (and very very very theoretical) way of thinking. Me thinks you are a man way too fucking high on his horse.
@malachiclark1896 5 жыл бұрын
@@williamblake7386 how about you give these people time to dive into these things instead of fucking jumping the gun and assuming they will explain everything you need to know about this theory in one 13 minute video? I swear comments like that are what turn people off entirely from these fucking subjects. You both sound uneducated to me.
@malachiclark1896 5 жыл бұрын
@@williamblake7386 You are not wrong. Dear fucking mother of God even the smart people are fucking idiots anymore.
@Mach1Greeble 5 жыл бұрын
@UR Just Wrong r/iamverysmart caught in the wild.
@ohf27 3 жыл бұрын
“It’s a warm summer evening in Ancient Greece”
@foreverkid2930 3 жыл бұрын
😂 Is this from Big Bang Theory?
@onlopine 3 жыл бұрын
OH BALLS
@sledgehammer5033 4 жыл бұрын
the fact that these videos exist for free on youtube gives me substantial hope for humanity's future in the universe
@vacuumdiagrams652 5 жыл бұрын
Historical detail at 6:50: It was De Broglie who thought of Bohr's model in terms of standing waves!
@TheCimbrianBull 5 жыл бұрын
That's because he thought the model was Bohr-ring! 😜
@jannegrey593 5 жыл бұрын
And later Bohm. Standing wave is part of pilot-wave theory - which has a lot of problems, but just like String theory is just a way to visualize, and understand physics. Now I'm Copenhagen, but there is something beautiful in String Theory.
@leaderofcommunistchina1427 5 жыл бұрын
I scrolled down to see if someone else had noticed too, gj
@xabieroiangurenasua8127 5 жыл бұрын
That's so rigth!!
@janculits 5 жыл бұрын
The "standing wave" animation is trippy as hell
@CockatooDude 5 жыл бұрын
I've been waiting for a deeper video (well set of videos) on this topic for a while now. So thank you for doing this, it is very enlightening.
@erbenton07 5 жыл бұрын
I'm working on Dot Theory, little tiny vibrating dots
@thesoundsmith 5 жыл бұрын
Dots nice...
@fgvcosmic6752 5 жыл бұрын
That’s just regular quantum theory
@fisharepeopletoo9653 4 жыл бұрын
Thats just a smaller version of string theory
@PsilentMusicUK 4 жыл бұрын
I prefer garlic bread theory. Lots of tiny vibrating slices of garlic bread.
@beri4138 3 жыл бұрын
That's literally just the standard model
@timothylee1 5 жыл бұрын
The neutrino line of the leptons at 0:51 are mislabeled (well, the second and third ones), if you care. Ticky tack, I know. :)
@bopyourhead9584 5 жыл бұрын
Well spotted, nothing wrong with being a bit captious!
@TheFlipside 5 жыл бұрын
They also mixed up the photon and gluon symbol. Also the symbols for muon neutrino and tau neutrino are where the muon and tau are, and vice versa. The electron neutrino has the electron symbol and the electron has the gluon symbol
@GeekRedux 5 жыл бұрын
I was quite surprised by how messed up that graphic is.
@Zahlenteufel1 5 жыл бұрын
Don't you guys know about the new elementary particles: the gelectron, the vuon, the vau, the goton, and the pluon? ;)
@InfectedChris 5 жыл бұрын
Timothy Lee I noticed that as well!
@PaulPaulPaulson 5 жыл бұрын
The celluar automata called "SmoothLife" produce some kinds of strings. I'm not saying it is connected, but i wanted to point out that string-like structures can emerge from a simpler underlying set of rules.
@yuryeuceda8590 5 жыл бұрын
Many scientists now are thinking that universe is probably a cellular automata and maybe that's the way
@drdca8263 5 жыл бұрын
SmoothLife is cool. Something I don't understand about it though, is why doesn't Noether's theorem imply a conservative of energy or momentum for it, and therefore prevent the thing where the structures can disappear? The physics for it seems to have time and space translation symmetry, so I'm confused.
@sysprog999 4 жыл бұрын
Best explanation I've seen so far. Ties together all the little snippets that I've accumulated over the years.
@user-nw6oj4wb2k 5 жыл бұрын
This was great, more videos explaining the fundamentals of these theories would be great. It helps understand more advanced topics later on.
@mememem 5 жыл бұрын
String theory is so elegant that you only need to contrive 7(+1) additional dimensions to make it reach a state of plausibility, let alone get it to a point of accurately modeling the dimensions we _can_ perceive. Few things in life are so compelling.
@TheColemancreek 5 жыл бұрын
I think gravity and quantum mechanics will always remain separate. Gravity being simply the curvature of space-time, and we are propelled forward through it inexplicably. The weakest force by orders of magnitude, but it's pull is felt from eternal distances. Moving through time seems to be utterly unavoidable, whether at our leisurely pace or falling into a black hole towards another point in time or towards oblivion, who knows. Nothing can escape gravity. Meme I agree that string theory is just adding another layer of complexity where it is not needed. The simplest and most elegant theories with the least assumptions are always the way to go.
@Adraria8 5 жыл бұрын
The universe does not have to be as simple and elegant as our minds want it to be. We have to consider all possibilities
@user-rh8hi4ph4b 5 жыл бұрын
The universe isn't obliged to elegance and simplicity. There's nothing preventing "the true theory of everything" to be so complicated, that it would be impractical to write down on paper. Discussions and critique based on elegance and simplicity make no statements about truthfulness, unless you assume that the universe respects our taste and limitations.
@JorgetePanete 5 жыл бұрын
@@TheColemancreek its*
@JorgetePanete 5 жыл бұрын
@@TheColemancreek eternal distances? do you mean really large/infinite?
@gravijta936 5 жыл бұрын
If string theory were correct, cats would have unraveled the universe by now.
@TheRogueWolf 5 жыл бұрын
Just like how if the Earth was flat, cats would have knocked everything off of it by now.
@rickharper4533 5 жыл бұрын
Gravijta perhaps cats know all things in the universe and just cant tell us?
@altareggo 5 жыл бұрын
lol or simply WON'T tell us.... cats like to keep us humans in suspense :-=).
@a-blivvy-yus 5 жыл бұрын
How do we know getting tangled up in the strings isn't how they got here?
@bio3m 5 жыл бұрын
This is why cats were considered gods
@Adam-ui3yn 5 жыл бұрын
I'm very grateful and appreciative for these excellent videos that give me the opportunity to learn about whatever I fancy. Keep up the good work !
@jillwild23 5 жыл бұрын
Is there an order I should be watching these in? Man, I'm fascinated, but obviously missing stuff you reference from previous videos.
@Don2006 5 жыл бұрын
Generally speaking, this channel does create multiple videos on certain topics and there is an order in which you should view them (see the channel playlists). But this video is the introduction to string theory, so if you're interested in string theory, this is the best place to start. BTW, it's normal to have to rewatch the video to fully understand. 😀
@maxgreece1 5 жыл бұрын
That was 101? I'm in trouble understanding this already. Why do I watch this show? Why do I think it's the same as when my cat watches the TV? Miaow!
@shibolinemress8913 5 жыл бұрын
Is it Schrödiger's cat? 😉
@stauroulapatsourou7278 5 жыл бұрын
Max Goodman, same here!😂😂😂
@robinhodgkinson 5 жыл бұрын
Yes my inability to comprehend much of it is fascinating and profound
@pppoopoo69 5 жыл бұрын
I understood the chart with the quirks leptons and such otherwise I’m clueless lol
@volbla 5 жыл бұрын
Google image search "the standard model of fundamental particles and interactions chart" and you'll know everything you need to know about the universe :)
@hajenzoo29 5 жыл бұрын
Electrons are not Bohring!
@-_Nuke_- 5 жыл бұрын
The boring world of Niels Bohr also, etcetera
@tomrhodes1629 5 жыл бұрын
But nowadays ELECTIONS are sure boring! (No choice, as both parties have been commandeered by the same corporate interests.) Nonetheless, as Max Planck knew, here's what science will find when it finally acknowledges "the bottom of the rabbit hole": EVERYTHING IS THOUGHT WITHIN A GREAT MIND. And the MATERIAL Universe of our LIMITED sense perceptions is NOT Reality, but is literally a VIRTUAL REALITY MATRIX where lies are often offered as "truths." If you want to know WHY we are experiencing a limited and false (virtual) reality rather than Reality Itself, read my book "The Holy Grail is Found." There is no need for further mental masturbation.
@chrissonofpear3657 5 жыл бұрын
Yeah, yeah. We know that elections have increasingly become circuses, with the choices narrowed ahead of time. But keeping on topic...
@sidewinder814u 5 жыл бұрын
@@chrissonofpear3657 sounds like Rosanna Danna, next he'll ask why we're talking about the erections...just saying! lol
@jonas-ke4qz 5 жыл бұрын
boring*
@kimmaz7721 5 жыл бұрын
I have no clue what he said
@Integralsouls 4 жыл бұрын
as expected from someone who has an anime profile pic
@aurora4757 4 жыл бұрын
@@Integralsouls oof
@owlredshift 4 жыл бұрын
Too much Boharing content 🥱
@shaikrehanaparveen8862 4 жыл бұрын
@@owlredshift then why watch?
@owlredshift 4 жыл бұрын
@@shaikrehanaparveen8862 That was a physics pun 🤓 Look up Bohar
@DanTrue 5 жыл бұрын
If I understand this right, in M-Theory we can validate whether a parameter given configuration matches our observable world, but it is very hard to work backwards and find the parameter configuration that would result in our universe. So finding the correct parameter configuration of M-Theory is NP-Complete? Well, hello there complexity theory, my old friend.
@sidewinder814u 5 жыл бұрын
Just like they did with astrophysics, they didn't know of the Electric connection of the Universe.
@beri4138 3 жыл бұрын
Could we find the parameter configuration using quantum computing?
@Dragrath1 5 жыл бұрын
What bothers me about string "theory" is both the tunability to match any prediction while offering no known testable predictions to test the "theory" and more worryingly the rapid dismissal of questions regarding the "theory" that worries me. I fear some people may have gotten so caught up in the theories beauty that they have neglected the fundamental role of testability in keeping science grounded in our physical universe. And that is ignoring the misuse of the word "theory" which in the context of the sciences is reserved for well tested hypothesis that both explain our universe in a predictable testable way and have predicted phenomenon latter observed all while standing up to challenge after challenge. If string "theory" is to earn its name then it must meet that standard.
@jefferytoledo2505 5 жыл бұрын
There's lots of abuse of terminology in theoretical physics. Many physicists use "theory" to mean "model," (example: Chern-Simons theory). It might be weird for science PR to call the theory of evolution and string theory both theories, but the name "string theory" kinda stuck by now. You can always try and make string theorists call it otherwise if you want, though! String theory is more like a mathematical framework or model that, in some limits, contains some quantum field theories we know and love, and also gravity. And that's kinda cool :p . Also, string theories give some really nice predictions / backpredictions regarding some dualities (AdS/CFT is a good example!). Also, if you're somewhere in between Maths and Physics, you can always have some fun doing string theory :) so there's that. Whether or not string theory can be useful... :p eh, the math of QFT itself are so weird already (in formal terms) that string theory might be plain intractable, if it's supposed to contain QFTs in some of its limits. I personally treat String Theory more as a playground to try and rederive some nice mathematical relations / explanations / backpredictions for QFT, but that's just me.
@stephenschneider3521 5 жыл бұрын
Theory can be an open ended world in a lot of sciences. In psychology 'theory' is often discussed before a hypothesis as being merely a frame work of ideas/possibilities that drive us to investigate different hypothesis. So from psychology, to biology, to physics, I think people use theory more loosely than maybe the text books or some non-scientists insist. Also, I think the only reason 'theory' became a buzzword is as Jeffery Toledo was talking about with Evolution. Some people in America particularly do not like evolution because it conflicts with their religion, and made an attack on it as a 'theory', preferring it to be called anything else to discredit it. The word 'theory' became under threat and so people, at least in the states, started to more narrowly define it, perhaps unfairly. I like how Rickhard Dawkins put it, calling many things in science 'theories', barely a few things, and mostly only in mathematics as laws or theorems, and some almost certainly true theories as [his word] theori-orems. But honestly, Jeff is right. How anal we are about the word is more for PR against science-haters, than it is hardcore science speak. At least in my opinion [disclaimer: I only have a bachelors degree] it is OK to use the word somewhat loosely, somewhere between the popular scooby-doo usage, and the more exacting text book usage. That said, I'm hardly an expert.
@connorschmidt5945 5 жыл бұрын
The main reason we can't test the theory is because we normally test theories by taking an unobserved prediction of the theory and testing to see if the prediction is correct. The problem is string theory is used to explain observations we've already made, leaving no room for predictions to be tested. This is not completely true, as string theory predicts some energy to be lost as gravitons in particle collisions, which has sadly not been observed
@connorschmidt5945 5 жыл бұрын
...yet
@tomrhodes1629 5 жыл бұрын
As Max Planck knew, here's what science will find when it finally acknowledges "the bottom of the rabbit hole": EVERYTHING IS THOUGHT WITHIN A GREAT MIND. And the MATERIAL Universe of our LIMITED sense perceptions is NOT Reality, but is literally a VIRTUAL REALITY MATRIX. If you want to know WHY we are experiencing a limited and false (virtual) reality rather than Reality Itself, read my book "The Holy Grail is Found." There is no need for further mental masturbation.
@raspas99 5 жыл бұрын
23andMe is involved in multiple scandals with selling the data of their customers. Selling without informing them of course. I would really think about changing the sponsor.
@rafaellisboa8493 5 жыл бұрын
do you have proof?
@Jadinandrews 5 жыл бұрын
Nah, put their money to good use funding PBS. It's not like PBS viewers are total idiots.
@borisdorofeev5602 5 жыл бұрын
Yea, let them fund Space Time. I don't think any viewers will really consider using their services anyway. Who cares if you have 2.5÷ Ivory Coast heritage?
@sleepy314 5 жыл бұрын
I want to know about the Neantertal ...
@johnnywest5445 5 жыл бұрын
Do you have proof they aren't? Their TOS doesn't prevent it. Livescience had an article on it back in July, as did Business Insider, who also had a second one in Aug. @ra said to 'really think about changing the sponsor'. 'Really think about' means to research and consider it, not do it immediately just because he said to.
@leyawonder2306 5 жыл бұрын
I hope we can find a way to test the productions of the theory one day, many find it hard to believe because it's almost impossible to prove wrong without testing, it basically fixes it self when ever it's faced with an objection because you know, it can't be tested, but still it's one of the coolest physical theories
@irisallevi6414 3 жыл бұрын
I've always had a question: The standard model is described by Quantum Field Theory where fields are the building blocks of our Universe. What happens to them in String Theory? If particles were excitations of quantum fields, where is the link with the string vibrational modes?
@SoulStar2332 Жыл бұрын
I'm badly regurgitating Edward Witten, so take everything I'm saying with a grain of salt, but my understanding is that standard model calculations can work effectively if you're trying to describe a particular incident in a particle's existence, but that m theory describes the entirety of the related string's make up, thus describing the particle as it fluctuates through numerous different quantum events. So, you can map any point, like if a particle splits in 2, using standard particle theory, but string theory effectively describes how the particle will react in every scenario. I recommend getting it from the horse's mouth. He's arguably the smartest man on earth, and I'm def not...🤷♂️ kzfaq.info/get/bejne/f6uPa5hqm6e9o58.html
@Edruezzi 6 ай бұрын
You can't do physics with a dictionary.
@StevePlaysBanjo 5 жыл бұрын
Watching SpaceTime before bedtime: more effective than sleeping with a book under the pillow. I don’t know how, but I wake up just a little bit smarter the next day.
@charlieangkor8649 5 жыл бұрын
Steve Harrison bed and time. then einstein came and unified it into one bedtime.
@lorenrenee1 5 жыл бұрын
Steve Harrison my son loved the Nova series about String theory hosted by Brian Green and frequently went to sleep with it playing. He is now indeed a certified genius with a persistent passion for theoretical physics 😂
@Jop_pop 5 жыл бұрын
I do the exact same thing
@1112viggo 4 жыл бұрын
i feel like the more of these videos i watch the more ignorant i realize i am..
@NewMessage 5 жыл бұрын
What are the Strings in String Theory? Nouns, of course.
@-_Nuke_- 5 жыл бұрын
Ill give you a sub for this!
@Smokecall 5 жыл бұрын
Pretty much what just happened. Theory of a medium in which calculations are based on. What the medium is made of is not known so just focus on the calculations. The other tragedy is that the dimensions brought up so often aren't broken down for newcomers either
@adb012 5 жыл бұрын
Actually, in "String Theory", "String" is acting as an adjective modifying the noun "Theory".
@whitenight941 5 жыл бұрын
New Message Life is a thread .
@jorgeo6099 4 жыл бұрын
I lost it at “As an added bonus, this ambition shaved off a bunch of dimensions, only 10 dimensions were needed” 😂😂
@hinkles73 4 жыл бұрын
When you pulled up that picture of the Standard Model, you used a g for the electron when it should be an e, and also you got the symbols for the photon and gluon (Y and g, respectively) mixed up. It's just a mistake. I hope you fix that in later episodes.
@DaveXXX 5 жыл бұрын
String theory is just describing the fabrics of all the socks we've lost in the dryer, when they disappear they go out into the universe
@kenny5311 5 жыл бұрын
DaveXXX Was that meant to be funny? Why joke about such a serious topic?
@kenny5311 5 жыл бұрын
VanSlam Yes, it is offensive. Also, that joke is crude and disgusting..it's not funny to me
@DaveXXX 5 жыл бұрын
@@kenny5311 yes it was a joke. it's a video about string theory, it's not like I'm making a joke about cancer or something. Lighten up man haha
@DaveXXX 5 жыл бұрын
@@VanByyrg that guy is mad he never got his socks back
@DaveXXX 5 жыл бұрын
@@kenny5311 dude... It's a joke about socks LOL
@DeGebraaideHaan 5 жыл бұрын
I remember Brian Greene: He was always harping on the same two testable strings of the string theorist's bow: Super Symmetry and Extra Dimensions. Both seem very elusive. Which other parts of the math of ST could point to testable phenomena?
@Domispitaletti 5 жыл бұрын
Analysis of the gravitational waves proved that there are no "extra dimensions". They could not find supersymmetry predicted by String "theory" in the LHC. Now the string "theory" guys are claiming the levels of energy in the LHC is not enough and never will be... Basically what we have here is a "theory" that cant provide any evidence and its not testable. Its a scam and an academic job program.
@AliceTheSpider 5 жыл бұрын
@@Domispitaletti gravitational waves did not discovered at LHC, and there are no bigger extra dimensions that gravity can leak to, results neither comfirm or deny string theory. Also its not a scam its just one of the considered models, which there are lots of different it is just very interesting because it fixes a lot of problems, unites matter, energy and forces as one fundamental thing and creates too many possibilities. It's not scam its just a model that can be wrong but people will try all possible models until they are proven impossible
@arielsproul8811 5 жыл бұрын
Relativity adds an extra dimension (time) so why can't theories of everything have their extra dimensions? they describe everything so they need more "space" to work with
@danieljensen2626 5 жыл бұрын
Basically there aren't any. My understanding is that so many possible variations of string theory exist that for any result of any experiment there would be an impossibly large number that are consistent with that result, even if the rest are ruled out. That said, I don't think they've proven that they can't fix that problem by taking things in a different direction. So maybe in the future there will be testable predictions. I definitely don't think we should try to ban string theory research or anything, but maybe we should limit the amount of resources going into it.
@thstroyur 5 жыл бұрын
@skywolf23 I don't quite think ST is that elegant - if it were just a humble GUT, maybe, but it pretends to be a TOE via "spin-2 = graviton", the old tired formula from the covariant camp. Not only this undermines the physical content of GR, it's subjectable to anecdotes, like MTW's remark that Fierz and Pauli discovered a spin-2 particle that obeys the EFE - too bad it goes in straight lines instead of curved ones
@cyclometre 4 жыл бұрын
Absolutely love this site. I get to the end of each talk and feel that I know absolutely nothing, which apparently is the same as all the scientists who involve themselves in this study...this is very reassuring.
@kobiromano6115 5 жыл бұрын
6:57 BOHARING! HA! This is my 3rd time watching this vid, I just got it.
@nickverbree 4 жыл бұрын
I'm so very late to this video, but I'm so glad someone else got that and commented.
@Brianboy9494 5 жыл бұрын
Whoops, you have 3 electron neutrinos in your standard model chart. That's two too many.
@LuisAldamiz 5 жыл бұрын
Good catch!
@Brianboy9494 5 жыл бұрын
Oh well, maybe those three neutrinos had oscillated just in the right way, so that they were all in their electron flavour eigenstate when the pic was made^^ :D
@LuisAldamiz 5 жыл бұрын
I would have a hard time laughing at that joke a couple of days ago, Brian, but after learning some stuff on neutrino flavor oscillation the other day, it seems to me a very good joke, because... that's exactly what happens all the time, as weird as it may sound.
@Lakupeep 5 жыл бұрын
Bravo, Brian.
@kellybrower7634 5 жыл бұрын
thank you for making a physics video with such graceful humility.
@zollof6699 11 ай бұрын
So fascinating!! I'm glad I found your channel, with the simple enough explanations, a simply educated person like me can actually make sense of it. I'm really excited to dive in deeper!
@bennythejet5026 4 жыл бұрын
When taking into account the conservation of mass, and mass coming from the length of the string does this mean there might be a constant length all these strings share between them?
@marcushendriksen8415 4 жыл бұрын
Not necessarily. It also gets mass from its energy in the form of tension, so it could decrease if the length of the string increases (and vice-versa), keeping mass the same.
@yushatak 5 жыл бұрын
In programming there's a really useful way to look at dimensionality with nested or "jagged" arrays which I figured others might find useful. A single variable would be a 0D point. We've got various types of lists/collections which are 1D, accessed by a single "index" number. Arrays are 2D, with an X and Y coordinate defining where to find an item in "grid" of W width and H height. To add dimensions, you simply take a regular array, but at each coordinate pair you store a list to get a 3D array, you access which list by X and Y, then which item in the list with Z. To get to 4D you put an array at each coordinate in the first array (XYZW), then 5D is an array of lists at each coordinate in the original array, and so on. It makes it much easier to conceptualize of more dimensions without getting into the geometry. This lets you focus on the way dimensionality works without worrying about how it "looks" - at least for me.
@DvDick 5 жыл бұрын
I don't know if they are used in string theory, but in Relativity we use tensors to operate with the kind of objects you are describing. I only studied special relativity, so for now I only know rank 3 tensors (See the Levi-Civita tensor). They are basically a variable with as many indices as the the rank: by assigning an integer value to the indices, the variable gets a certain value which is defined by the tensor itself or by an operation between other tensors. An example would be the kronecker's Delta, which has 2 indices i and j: if i=j the delta is equal to 1, if not it's equal to 0
@jondreauxlaing 5 жыл бұрын
Similarly, mathematics allows you to just keep adding spacial dimensions, regardless of one's ability to visualize it. To my knowledge this is done with matrix multiplication, which most programming languages have some sort of mechanism for calculating. The only thing is I'm not sure exactly how one would make a data structure that simulated the proposed "tiny dimensions" within the bigger 3. I guess that's a question for the mathematicians, haha. Topology is not my strong suit.
@alandouglas2789 5 жыл бұрын
Yushatak umm, no
@evilotis01 5 жыл бұрын
huh. that's a really interesting way to think about it. thanks for posting.
@n0handles 5 жыл бұрын
I too have played around with the idea of multidimensional arrays. I found out that an array of any object can be made, so I started by making an array of one dimensional arrays. Then I started filling values and trying to manipulate them. Made an array of that very two-dimensional array. Then a three-dimensional array. Then a four-dimensional array. You can just keep adding brackets to seamlessly add dimensions. I've been wondering how it's being stored and handled in my computer, and how it would be spatially represented.
@danielrhouck 5 жыл бұрын
Whenever a host thanks 23andme, it sounds like they are thanking themselves and the number 23. I always have to think about it for half a second before I figure out they're talking about the genomics company.
@truezulu 5 жыл бұрын
That last comment, might just be the best comeback I ever heard. Very well done.
@Exist64 5 жыл бұрын
I always get so tense and anticipating when he's about to say "space time" for the last time in a video
@owlredshift 4 жыл бұрын
I thought I was alone in this
@raghu45 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks Matt! Now I truly can make a layman (which I am) sense of the basics of the Strings of string theory. Sorry I can't contribute any knowledge but can surely follow what the string theorists have to and do say! BTW you have a very unique style, can I say, like an ad agency pro aiming to reach out to commoners to lend their attention 😄. Thanks again.
@cosmicwakes6443 5 жыл бұрын
If a string produces massless particles , it, the string, then experiences no time evolution, so then how does it have a frequency, seeing as frequency is calculated with velocity?
@ZinebFakir 5 жыл бұрын
THIIIIIIS!
@miquelcolom7132 5 жыл бұрын
Cosmological time? I don't know, but if they are made of space-time itself o something similar, this should not be a problem.
@arielsproul8811 5 жыл бұрын
strings? Time? we're talking about energy and distances that you encounter at the beginning of time or black holes but yeah that is a legitimate question might be that they exist outside of time
@volbla 5 жыл бұрын
Who says the vibrations have to propagate via time ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
@carloguerrero6583 5 жыл бұрын
Please let them be a space-time wave. Please let them be a space-time wave. Preety pleaase.
@amcguigan2389 7 ай бұрын
Brilliantly done! Easy to understand. Matt - you are excellent. Also, very engaging delivery. The graphics are helpful. Thank you so much.
@cjcujo99a 4 жыл бұрын
Nothing puts me asleep better than these lectures. Interesting yet lulling... 😉
@douglasmcneil8413 5 жыл бұрын
If you haven't yet, would like to hear you discuss the E8 theory.
@DECEPTICONUK 5 жыл бұрын
Great video. You describe the subject brilliantly.
@user-pq1pc7kv3f 2 жыл бұрын
ShutUpAndCalculateonium had me cracking up. lol
@randomguy263 5 жыл бұрын
0:57 I think there's something wrong with the leptons, the gluon and photon seem to have switched place, too.
@richarddeese1991 5 жыл бұрын
Nice catch! Most of us were too busy listening to actually look at the chart! Rikki Tikki.
@patavinity1262 5 жыл бұрын
"This erases more questions than it answers"
@shaneschofield6303 5 жыл бұрын
Paradoxical, like String Theory itself.
@tomrhodes1629 5 жыл бұрын
Yep. For, as Max Planck knew, here's what science will find when it finally acknowledges "the bottom of the rabbit hole": EVERYTHING IS THOUGHT WITHIN A GREAT MIND. And the MATERIAL Universe of our LIMITED sense perceptions is NOT Reality, but is literally a VIRTUAL REALITY MATRIX. If you want to know WHY we are experiencing a limited and false (virtual) reality rather than Reality Itself, read my book "The Holy Grail is Found." There is no need for further mental masturbation.
@chrissonofpear3657 5 жыл бұрын
And which great mind invented stoning? Or was this a set of lesser minds and spirits?
@brokenwave6125 5 жыл бұрын
"Raises"
@TiagoTiagoT 5 жыл бұрын
I think he said "raises"...
@mikicerise6250 5 жыл бұрын
I like string theory, although I can't help but wonder about the fundamental nature of the strings themselves if it is ultimately correct. What creates tension? I wonder if this theory could be used to try to create a new particle.
@emp9413 3 жыл бұрын
I understand about 50% but mind blown. Never could understand string theory tho fascinated. Love this channel amazing.
@yorkerold 4 жыл бұрын
This is the greatest diss on string theory so far.
@XrollhaX 5 жыл бұрын
By the end I expected you had made your point, but it turns out it was a 1d circle.
@kingkiller1451 5 жыл бұрын
On the topic of what strings are made of; I don't know whether these strings actually exist, or whether they are fundamental or not. However on that topic I wanted to say that I ascribe to the belief that when you reach the actual fundamental level of something such as strings if they are the fundamental "thing" stuff is made from, that questions like "why" or "what are they made of" are questions that no longer make sense as they imply a deeper level. Maybe your understanding differs but I don't believe something is actually fundamental if a deeper level exists, the lack of a "why" or "made of" is what makes it fundamental. So to me asking what a "fundamental" existence is made of is so far from making sense as a question that I can't even come up with a comparison.
@DocGenius42 5 жыл бұрын
thx for figuring out a way to formulate this. i agree.
@nicolaiveliki1409 5 жыл бұрын
Maybe we should call them Axomeres
@JonathanMarocco 5 жыл бұрын
weren't atoms once thought as indivisible and fundamental? Took a few centuries but we figured out "what" and "why" . Maybe we should be keep asking.
@bopyourhead9584 5 жыл бұрын
The plenum of reality may be fractal, indeed beyond the cosmological scale could also be fractal, the speed of light in any one fractal formed reality would be the same as photons would exist at the same scale as all other particles.
@ConnorwithanO 5 жыл бұрын
"What came before time?" is the comparison you're looking for.
@jkg6211 5 жыл бұрын
"Knowing" something, and being able to explain it are 2 completely different things. This man stands as proof.
@donwald3436 5 жыл бұрын
You can't explain nonsense, which is what string theory is.
@Brayn126 4 жыл бұрын
@@donwald3436 If you are not a scientist, you come out as an idiot claiming string theory is a nonsense.
@stevenhatcher3046 4 жыл бұрын
@@donwald3436 String Theory has already advanced physics in other areas. Even if it's wrong, it still has quite a bit of value. That's why physicists, even the ones who don't care for string theory, take it very seriously. Also, PBS wouldn't have made a video about "nonsense". People fear what they don't understand and a lot of amateur arm-chair physicists don't understand string theory. So they lash out against it. It's a pretty common response.
@bowlsallbroken 4 жыл бұрын
@@donwald3436 Dunning/Krueger
@donwald3436 4 жыл бұрын
Steven Hatcher It’s nonsense.
@atlas108 3 жыл бұрын
When physicists speak of vibration strings and cats in boxes, without elaborating, they do themselves a disfavor if they want to popularize their field for the masses. People are too apt to be more confused by this and ask, "a vibrating string of what?" or "why a cat?" Best to explain things in ways that help clarify so people can understand, like this video does. Great job!
@atlas108 2 жыл бұрын
@C M I see your point but government funds a lot of physics, and the general public elects the politicians who decide on this funding. In fact, in the past, research facilities have not been funded for this reason.
@dhruvildoshi3489 5 жыл бұрын
Could you explain why do we need 9 dimensions for this theory to work And why does it fail in our normal 3+1dimensions And can the standard model be explained by string theory
@arielsproul8811 5 жыл бұрын
so the extra dimensions have something to do with simplicity in higher dimensions, and it becomes inconsistent in 3+1 The standard model probably will be described, but we need to solve it without the regular methods
@jondreauxlaing 5 жыл бұрын
I think the extra dimensions are supposed to give extra freedom of movement for the strings to vibrate into. Just 3 spacial dimensions doesn't allow the necessary room to explain all of the particles we observe. That's my understanding anyway. The best analogy I could come up with is checkers. You can play checkers in 2D, except when you need to jump. To jump, you need an extra spacial dimension for the piece to jump into, otherwise you'd just bump into other pieces. Strings need the extra dimensions to vibrate in. I think M-theory is 10+1, 3 large spacial dimensions, 7 small ones, and 1 for time (I think).
@thstroyur 5 жыл бұрын
Boring-ass technical reasons, what else could it be? For the old bosonic theory, if you ever grab M. Kaku's _QFT - An Introduction_ , it's in eqs. 21.45 and 21.53: you only zero those expressions for D=26. From what I gather, they have to do with eliminating "ghosts" from the theory (which, from what I know from ordinary QFT, are fictitious particles with wrong statistics - say a spin-1 fermion): so if you want to use strings, either you use 26D or special relativity breaks down, or something...
@WanderingBackpacker 5 жыл бұрын
I thought it was 11
@thstroyur 5 жыл бұрын
@@WanderingBackpacker I said _old_ theory; rewatch the video
@gordontubbs 5 жыл бұрын
Matt, you explained this better than Michio Kaku.... well done!!!
@amcguigan2389 7 ай бұрын
Agree. Matt is less animated and interesting yet also very professional and clear.
@juantorres27 5 жыл бұрын
Muy esclarecedor, mil gracias por este material.
@nikob381 5 жыл бұрын
If you haven't done it already, can you please please PLEASE read the Three Body Problem trilogy and go over some of the concepts they use there? You'd love the books. As an amateur Spacetime fan, it seems like quite a bit of their science is legit, and the way it's used is creative. The series takes place in a generally more near-futuristic setting, where things are just a tad bit more advanced now. Throughout the books, you'll get things like: what life is like on a planet with an unstable orbit around a trinary star system, how a computer can be built out of people holding up flags, a weapon made out of high density neutron star material, a particle which can be folded along each different dimension of string theory, a theory of alien sociology, and a very plausible answer to the Fermi paradox. It would be so great to hear what you think about how he handles those concepts in those books. I also think you'd just enjoy them
@evgenyyastremsky6818 5 жыл бұрын
Isn't ShutUpAndCalculateonium is the true 42nd element?
@adolfodef 5 жыл бұрын
Yes. But you have to count from the other side (starting from the super unstable mega-heavy element that can only exist for exactly two atomic nucleous vibration).
@evgenyyastremsky6818 5 жыл бұрын
@@adolfodef Ahh, right, a rookie mistake really!
@dsnodgrass4843 5 жыл бұрын
I thought that was "Unobtainium"...
@shyamtripathi6817 5 жыл бұрын
How can it have an atomic mass of 104
@36013luke 5 жыл бұрын
It does. trust me. I counted
@CrazyHarshHere 5 жыл бұрын
strings , it should be callled vibes
@tatjanagobold2810 5 жыл бұрын
Vibe theory? Sounds to millenial
@HauntaskhanHYPNOSIS 5 жыл бұрын
In string theory, vibes send you!
@LuisAldamiz 5 жыл бұрын
I like the idea. What are the made of? Empty space! What do they vibrate in? The very curvature of space and time! Let's go all relativistic, not just string theory is a fail (so far it is, increasingly so) but QM is arrogant and annoying with their "shutupandcalculatium" thingy. It's probably all explainable in terms of vibes in space-time...
@brendarua01 5 жыл бұрын
Do they come with batteries?
@jamesmnguyen 5 жыл бұрын
So that's how Vibe's powers work.
@ShrimplyPibblesJr 4 жыл бұрын
It's remarkable how many of your animations look like a DMT trip.
@llawrencebispo 4 жыл бұрын
As a musician and amateur music theorist, I’ve actually gained a somewhat better grasp of the concepts presented in this video than I’d expected. That is, infinitesimally north of zero. I’ll take it.
@Smerpyderp 5 жыл бұрын
Random question. If time goes infinitely slowly at a black holes event horizon, would that mean that time would pass infinitely quickly at a white holes horizon?
@josephrittenhouse5839 5 жыл бұрын
You should do an episode on 1/137 (alpha).
@ivanaameliabartolucci2779 5 жыл бұрын
Thank You so much! Your perspective allows to build a bridge between the Theories.
@peterbennett4754 3 жыл бұрын
Matthew John O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist. He is an associate professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department at the Lehman College of the City University of New York[1][2] and writer and host of PBS Space Time on KZfaq.[3] He is a frequent guest on Science Goes to the Movies on CUNY TV and on StarTalk radio with Neil deGrasse Tyson. Hey
@tsgillespiejr 5 жыл бұрын
Wait, why should there be a graviton and gravitational field if gravity is just the curvature of space-time?
@justdave9610 5 жыл бұрын
How does it curve? What about mass and how it interacts with and relates to space makes it curve? How is the interaction mitigated on the scale of quantum particles? The curvature has to come from somewhere and at the smallest scales interactions must be occurring. Thinking of a graviton as a quanta (the smallest possible bit) of gravitational energy may help. The million dollar question is what is it exactly and how does the smallest scale interactions with matter and energy occur to give us the macroscopic picture of gravity we observe.
@tsgillespiejr 5 жыл бұрын
@@justdave9610 Ah, right. So is it helpful to think "space-time" as BEING the gravitational field? And a quantum OF "space-time" BEING a graviton?
@richarddeese1991 5 жыл бұрын
What *_causes_* that curvature? No, no - I mean, *_why_* does matter/energy make space/time curve? tavi.
@thewhizkid3937 4 жыл бұрын
Richard Deese matter or I think it was mass. An object warps the fabric of the space time continuum considering things are in a vacuum (space)
@eoinoconnell185 5 жыл бұрын
23 & ME's new tagline: ''Send us your DNA and we'll lock up your relations''
@camilohiche4475 4 жыл бұрын
This guy knows and understands everything.
@PhoenixT70 2 жыл бұрын
"Or in other words, 'Shutupandcalculateonium'." My sides are now in orbit.
@borlup6504 5 жыл бұрын
The table used to represent the standard model of elementary particles in this video is very incorrect. I guess it just somehow slipped in during editing...
@beri4138 3 жыл бұрын
What's wrong with it?
@borlup6504 3 жыл бұрын
@@beri4138 In relation to mass, charge and spin, the bottom three leptons from left to right are electron, muon and tau. The three upper ones are their neutrinos, respectively. Mind that here, 'g' is an imposter so to say. 'g' is actually the symbol for a gluon and gamma is the symbol for a photon (correcting the gauge bosons column). In this column the data for Z and W bosons is incorrect - they both have mass and W boson also has a +/- 1 charge. Other numbers on the chart seem relatively fine.
@jamesruscheinski8602 3 жыл бұрын
Could strings have information of mass and space while quantum field has information of energy and time? The interaction of strings with quantum field could produce classical universe.
@TheMarrethiel 5 жыл бұрын
I love watching this stuff, just in case I get sent back in time.
@devanwetenkamp4781 5 жыл бұрын
I watch this show often but stuff gets way to over my head and I almost never finish the video. But I just go to the part where he talking about what strings are made of. That bit made me laugh out loud!
Oscar's Funny World
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