I would get a vacuum chamber but they... _suck._

This may produce x-rays with enough voltage and low enough pressure.

Most excellent! I did not expect that at all. Looks like you got it figured out. Way to go dude!!! That was a fun video.

Man, your videos have gotten so much better. Keep up the good work!

Hey man. Thanks for taking scientific principles and laws and applying them in real life. This is my favorite channel.

Amazing keep doing experiments

You ROK ! I have a passion for all things scientific and you consistantly stimulate self teaching by filling knowledge gaps and unrealized realizations. Keep it up

I really love your contents you always give us satisfying explanations, your videos never fail to amaze me

Very detailed explanation, appreciated!

Hi, in this interesting experiment, I think would be *exceptionally interesting* if you could make one of the vacuum chamber sides (i.e. right side) connected electrically to the ground pole of the Tesla Coil using an aluminum foil.... I think, while lowering the air pressure, some very interesting pattern should appear from the central pole of the coil and that "ground". Electricity should "diffuse" or spread over a wider area (or maybe VOLUME) and would be interesting how this diffused "plasma" reacts to an external (moving) magnet moved by hand... I think your videos are very educative and, like me as an Italian, very clear, while you speak in your typical clear and calm mode. THANKS!

Loved this video, I missed this kind of videos!

Can you become an online tutor? Lol I am not joking.... you teach well that's why.

Hey James! Great video, as usual. Just wondering, when are the boxes going to start shipping?

It's awesome that even though you have more than 1 M subscribers you still manage to answer some comments

I don't think I'd ever get bored if I were you. When i'm not filming I'd put food in there and see if it changes the flavor, put water in it, so much stuff. I wouldn't get anything done for a week unless I'm filming videos with it obviously. Love the vids by the way, keep em up.

Yas my favorite experimenter KZfaqr is back

Can you make a "diy teslacoil" video? I love tesla coils

Great experiment. And even greater explanation.

Thanks for explaining how sparks are formed, very interesting!!!

love your vacuum chamber videos...I missed them

That was very interesting and very cool! Thanks!

Always learning something new in a simple, cool and interesting way.

I love your videos, every question I have leads to your channel

Fascinating thanks!

"back and forth and back and forth and back and forth" The Action Lab Quotes

Science is amazing, especially when you explain it because you make it easier to understand

Simple and surprising. Great video!

Awesome video as always

I don't know how comfortable you are with high voltage in general, but there's a lot of fascinating experiments to be done with a vacuum chamber. About 5 years ago I did some tinkering with capacitor discharge in a vacuum, using 5kV 2 microfarad caps, but you'd be able to use a neon sign transformer to the same effect quite easily and definitely more safely.

Love your channel! Rain X is supposed to fiil in the porous surface on glass to make it have even less friction. You should do a video to see if your metal disc will spin longer on a rain x treated mirror.

Your channel makes my day

Nikola also needed this chamber to test. Great job. THUMBS UP

I love your videos, this one included, but the spin is not caused by heat.

You and Kyle Hill are my favorite internet science experts lol.

Love your content .

Love your videos. Thanx

I also watched the first upload! But I'm rewatching it because it's cool :)

Loved it and very interesting and l got my Actlion Lab T-shirt!

Always something new to learn

You should collab with king of random.....it would be amazing

You are amazingly smart and I love your video

love your videos sir

I love it when he explains! 😘

Hi love your experiments

Best yet

Bro you’re awesome 😍😍

I expected it disappearing but not getting longer and more sparks were made. This is why I love this channel!

Electroboom did the exact same thing earlier...

That's really cool that a _little_ atmosphere is a better conductor than a _lot_ of atmosphere.

I I THINK EVERY SCHOOL NEEDS A VACUUM CHAMBER .STUDENTS CAN THINK OF THEIR OWN EXPERIMENTS AND TRY OUT THEIR THEORIES

But wil it spin faster at higher pressure ? (Love youre vids)

The action lab good job. Now you need a bigger vacuum chamber and a bigger tesla coil

Science is just math disguised as something interesting... Change my mind - Edit: This was a joke lol didn't mean for everyone to argue

You sir have the gift of narrating the superficial observation via “play by play” as if we are blind, but otherwise adding no valuable insight. “That’s so cool!” If you didn’t tell me “it’s spinning” I’m sure I wouldn’t know it by watching the video. “Whooo!”

James hope your well, I wondered if you might do a video on negative ions because when I put smoke/vape in a box it cleared the air completely so does this mean its a good idea to have a negative ion generator in the home? And pollution in the air if you had a metal plate that was just cold enough to produce water droplets would the pollution get trapped in the water I was thinking of building one out of Peltier's but I have no way of seeing if the pollution is in the water or not. Keep up the good work cracking channel you have developed.

SO you are correct- it is the expansion of heated atmospheric gas that causes the spin. This effect is related to ionic wind but only due to the repulsion of charges. When the charges neutralize, the recombination of the electrons is what causes the glow. As the air pressure drops, the sparks increase in length because the "mean free path" is increasing. This is the distance that an ionized particle will move before colliding with another particle. There are literally less molecules to collide with as the pressure drops, and so the sparks become longer. But as the pressure drops below some threshold, there are less atoms to become charged and the glow changes to a much more localized effect. Air is a partial insulator with what is known as a dielectric breakdown or "puncture" voltage. When there is a much lower number of air molecules nearby, there is a greater chance that the charges will be more evenly shared- thus a soft glow instead of an aggressive spark. In very low pressure it is difficult if not impossible to have a lightning bolt or spark. You get instead a cloud of charged air molecules that has a soft "neon" sort of glow.

OMG THIS IS SO Cool keep going your so cool

I swear your kids love their dad more than their mom because of these cool experiments and science!

i love this channel

You are genius bro ..

I read years ago that the thrust is caused by the local air being ionized by the high voltage and then it rushes away to equalize creating thrust. I made one using aluminum foil and an old tv set and paper clips. If you can get your hand close without getting shocked you can feel the air rushing away.

You should make a video on Laminar flows!

NOW TESLA COIL SERIES STARTED IN ACTION LAB!!.. AMAZING............

You have one large magnet and note the polarity so that you know which side is north. If you break it would the polarity flip on the new piece when you place them parallel or would they be the same? If they do then isn't "opposites attract" wrong. Maybe you could do a video explaining it. Thank you for the lesson.

Here is another view of it. Place diodes of sufficient rating to handle the high voltages so current flows only in one direction or another. a)When a tip is positive charged, electric field lines diverge from the tip electrons are striped from from neutral molecules. Now positively charge ions are pushed away from the tip along electric field lines, with those same positive ions also pushing against the positive charged tip. b)When a tip is negatively charged, electric field lines diverge from the tip. Electrons are either ejected and or charge neutrally charged gaseous molecules. Now negative charges are pushed away from the tip along electric field lines, with those same negative charges pushing against the negatively charged tip. Lesson learned is that thrust is generated when the tip is either negatively or positively charged from electrostatic pressure pushing on the ions and the direction of diverging field lines pushing ions away from the tip. The question is if the current is alternating, wouldn't the ions just reverse direction providing no net thrust. and given the fact that it does spin, does that really mean it is not due to electrostatic thrust, and must be caused by thermal expansion? No.... the ions are electrostaticly pushed in one direction away from the electrode. Since the ions are accelerated in mostly one direction and are slowed down through collisions with neutral molecules, and other ions with the same charge that have been slowed down, they tend to hang around a while little longer imparting more electrostatic force on the tip, as demonstrated with not as strong of a vacuum pressure. Then for a period of time the voltage drops below that which can ionize the air and the ions and tip travel further distance away from each other. In time the voltages reverses and eventually reaches a voltage that can ionize again with nothing but neutral gas molecules near by to be charged and repulsed. Distant ions of opposing charge are not as effected (do not change their momentum as much) because of their distance from the tip. The result is net thrust in one direction even with alternating currents. What is the source of thermal energy in a plasma discharge and does it have a direction? I am venturing a little beyond my sure understanding, but in a lightning strike, some thermal energy is caused by the acceleration of ions in a particular direction, they bump into neutral atoms exchanging momentum in the random collisions in front of them that in turn slowing down the ions down. Furthermore, as with all conductors, electric current causes a magnetic field. In a lighting strike, billions of amps are discharged in a fraction of second. Some energy from the discharge gets stored in a magnetic field and is released when the current stops. The ions' (unbalanced electrons) will be magnetically have fields aligned at a right angle to the direction of current flow. Those ions most strongly repel other ions in the plane at 90 degrees to the current flow. The magnetically constrained ions will jump in temperature with a magnetocaloric effect over neutral molecules. The newly aligned magnetocaloricly heated ions have a lot momentum to impart to neutral molecules and ions in the plane of their magnetic field 90 degrees from the flow of current.

Science is my fav subject so I love this channel

please do a video on vacuum distillation

Years ago, I designed an avionics instrument that included a CRT display. The CRT needed 10KV on the second anode. I had to put a LOT of work into figuring out how to handle the high voltage insulation so that it could make it to 50,000 foot altitude without arcing over and destroying all the electronics in the instrument.

No. The spinning is not due to heat !!! It's caused by ion wind. When air an atom is ionized near a negatively charged electrode, it becomes a negative ion which is repelled by the negative charge and flies away from the electrode. Since electric field concentrates at pointy parts, the effect is an ion wind made of ionized air molecules flying away of each pointy end of the electrode in opposite directions thus creating torque and making it spin.

will be interesting to see it with different gases what are not inflammable, like Co2 or something similar.

1) The heat of the plasma is also why a "Jacobs Ladder" arc rises. 2) After over 50 years, I now understand why the failure mode of high voltage vacuum tubes (i.e. rectifiers) ends in arcing: the vacuum inside lowers and the breakdown voltage is reduced. So even though the operating voltage is the same as when the tube is new, after several years of minute leakage, the tube will occasionally arc. With more time, the arcing increases, ending the useful life of the tube.

you should try to go below 10-3 bar (using a turbo-pump and a membrane (and/or) scroll pump)

Love that tesla coil! Did you build it yourself or did you buy it somewhere because i would love to have one!

Is there any way you could show us in your vacuum chamber if Sodium Potassium alloy (NaK) would attack aluminum similarly to gallium or possibly mercury? I think Cody mixed some NaK with Galinstan and tested it on aluminum but I'm curious what just NaK could do

at 4:10 when its spinning i can see the light of the sparks draw a circle but its not an continuous line. It seems like several constant width lines with dark gaps between them. Is this caused by the frame rate of the camera and the coil's frequency? Is this visible at naked eye? If so, you could plug in a frequency generator to the tesla coil (if it can play music...) and see what visual effects it shows.

Have you done experiment to see whether straight light beam is visible in vacuum chamber from a side. I’m curious. ? No particles to reflect light to my eyes in the chamber?Thank you for your mind blowing videos.

Question: Action Lab, if the higher the pressure means the faster the spin; what if you shoved that in a jet engine (no fire) instead of a wire; use a jet propeller & see how fast it can spin & how much thrust you can get off it... Might just be a replacement for jet fuel.... Not to mention the sparks could be used to provide the heat for the higher pressure

I really like science stuff and know about new things

Awesome vid & "breakdown" of the voltage (pun intended) 👍 What happens to the missing electron if it doesn't succeed in breaking another one free from its atom. 🤔

Have you just disproved ion thrusters for space travel?

YAYYY another vid

That is a fancy plasma ball or cube lol. This is the reason I use a plasma ball for an exciter instead of a tesla coil it works almost the same and they are the work of Nicola Tesla. I loved your exeperiment it is very useful information for me. Thank you for sharing this video awesome.

Would it spin faster at a higher pressure?

I’ve been waiting

Could it be possible to make an efficient engine through plasma propulsion? Or would the amount of energy required render it useless?

I'd say that electrons are pushing air around, if it was due to the heat then the wires would be either red hot or melt (and metals are good heat conductors so it would be easy for heat to spread)

How Bout Wet Cement in Vacuum? very curious to know its effect

@TheActionLab I'm interested to know how many X-rays you were exposed to? Breakdown of voltage in a vacuum produces X-rays starting at the energy of 20,000 volts?

So... what would it take to build a plasma jet engine? I'm talking about using electrical plasma instead of kerosene (or similar) to heat up air in a turbine engine design. It doesn't need to be able to fly, I'm more curious about the thrust you can get out of that before you blow the fuses on a regular three phase circuit.

awesome ☺

Very naice!

You are amazing

Does light slow down in a high density gas? please answer me

Dude, that diagram and explanation of the cascading effect of electrons is how I imagine photons, thus explaining how they [photons] act like a wave/particle.

Could you please make an experiment with a induction heater and Steel in the vaccum chamber?

vaccum narrows down the particle count density of the air making them longer and more subtle to change, as less resistance in the chamber.

Would it look pretty if repressurized (partially of course) with Ne/Xe/Ar?

Is there any relation in Tesla coils and super conductivity (temperature?)

“Thats so kewl” -The Action Lab

got high and had this thought. thanks for the video