What is a Sine Wave - why it is an important electronic waveform

Рет қаралды 24,164

Күн бұрын

The sine wave is one of the most important electrical or electronic waveforms. The sine wave can be seen within many electronic circuit designs and pieces of electronic equipment.
One of the easiest ways of seeing the sine wave is to use an oscilloscope - using the oscilloscope the amplitude can be seen on the vertical scale and time on the horizontal. When seen in this manner a sine wave traces out a periodic waveform that traces out a curve that oscillates smoothly up and down with the instantaneous value of the waveform being calculated from the sine of the proportion of the cycle that has been completed - one cycle being 360 degrees of 2 pi radians.
The sine wave can also be viewed as a spectrum plot where the amplitude is given on te vertical axis again and the frequency on the horizontal one. Ti is a bit like tuning a radio receiver over a band of frequencies and noting the output over the band. Here the spectrum of a sine wave can be seen to be a single frequency - an ideal sine wave has no harmonics.
Aspects including the frequency of the sine wave, i.e. the number of vibrations per second, i.e. Hertz, and the amplitude are also important.
Sine waves can also be seen to make up other periodic waveforms such as square waves where the fundamental has the same repetition rate as that of the square wave and then there are odd harmonics each with decreasing amplitude.
Other waveforms including triangular and sawtooth waveforms and many others can also be seen to have a variety of harmonically related sine waves.
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Пікірлер: 39

@halftimedeus8871 2 жыл бұрын

Great video! I've been starting to get into vibration testing equipment and I really need to get acquainted with the basic physics behind the software. Kinda hard to do, as I have little to know knowledge in physics, but you explain things really clearly. Keep up the great work!

@ElectronicsNotes 2 жыл бұрын

Glad we helped. Really pleased we were able to provide a useful explanation.

@thisdudeisadude Жыл бұрын

amazing video and thank you for making this

@ElectronicsNotes Жыл бұрын

Really glad you found this video useful. Thanks for your comment.

@shashidharshettar3846 4 ай бұрын

Thank you for making me understood

@ElectronicsNotes 4 ай бұрын

Happy to help

@catlvr-kg9ol 14 күн бұрын

Amazing thank you

@ElectronicsNotes 13 күн бұрын

I’m really glad you appreciated the video. Thanks for the comment.

@lasse3412 2 жыл бұрын

Great video

@ElectronicsNotes 2 жыл бұрын

Really glad you like it.

@brandy3955 Жыл бұрын

This is a great video. I'm working with Rife frequencies for healing and teaching myself about waveforms etc...Your video is easy to follow and understand considering how overwhelming this info can be for the not so mathematically inclined and Physics illiterate like myself. Thank you!

@ElectronicsNotes Жыл бұрын

I’m glad you found the video useful.

@naderhumood1199 Ай бұрын

Thank you very much indeed Sir, great vedio.

@ElectronicsNotes Ай бұрын

Glad you liked it

@ramaswamybandari8182 2 жыл бұрын

Knowledge giving video

@ElectronicsNotes 2 жыл бұрын

Glad you found it useful.

@teh60 2 жыл бұрын

Very interesting.

@ElectronicsNotes 2 жыл бұрын

I’m glad you found it interesting. Thanks for the comment.

@Espectador666 2 жыл бұрын

beautiful

@ElectronicsNotes 2 жыл бұрын

Glad you like the video.

@aliashour6685 Жыл бұрын

Thank you

@ElectronicsNotes Жыл бұрын

I’m glad the video was useful.

@captainmorgan7849 8 ай бұрын

Great video! I have a question though . My professor asked me why we generate current as sinusoidal waves? I am still looking for answers but can't find anything he'll accept. If you can help me i would be educated and pretty happy.

@ElectronicsNotes 8 ай бұрын

This is an interesting question. AC is used rather than DC because it can be transformed between different voltages. We see high voltage lines that carry many kilovolts, but our domestic supplies are much lower - typically 115V or 240V. High voltage power lines are used to distribute power because they have much lower losses than lower voltage ones - the resistance is the same regardless of the voltage. The resistive losses depend upon the current, so if the voltage is raised the same actual losses occur, but this is a much smaller portion of the overall power carried. DC cannot be transformed, it has to be AC because transformers do not work with DC. As for use of a sine wave, this is because it is only contains the fundamental frequency - all other waveforms contain harmonics. AC generators generate a sine wave. The other advantage is that square waves contain a high level of harmonics and these can more easily radiate and cause interference, etc. Also transformer efficient can be optimised for a single frequency rather than having to accommodate all the frequencies of a square or other form of waveform.

@captainmorgan7849 8 ай бұрын

@@ElectronicsNotes I am going to mail this to my professor if he accept's i'll edit my comment. Thanks for the answer!

@MegawattKS 5 ай бұрын

Another reason is how the power (voltage and current) is produced in generators. The spinning magnets naturally produce periodic increasing and decreasing flux through coils of wire in the generator. This creates sinewave voltages (and currents when hooked to a load). If generators are not familiar, think of electric motors. Generators are just rotating machines like motors, working in reverse (generating power rather than consuming it).

@culater 8 ай бұрын

Thanks !

@ElectronicsNotes 8 ай бұрын

I’m really glad you found the video useful.

@culater 8 ай бұрын

@@ElectronicsNotes Useful and fascinating. I scooped up some of your other videos too. I'll feast on them later. Info on sine waves was a nice review of long forgotten math. Want to learn Fourier transform.

@ElectronicsNotes 8 ай бұрын

@@culater I’m really glad you find them useful. I’m trying to keep producing useful videos while trying to reduce the time spent in making them. A tricky balance.

@culater 8 ай бұрын

@@ElectronicsNotes Yes, the effort shows in your work

@LaymensLament Жыл бұрын

Thanks for the video. What I'm currently trying to understand is why the sinewave doesnt produce harmonics or partials (besides during the attack phase) and all other waveforms do.

@ElectronicsNotes Жыл бұрын

A sine wave is the fundamental waveform and by definition a perfect sine wave does not have harmonics. Other repetitive waveforms can be built up using a series of sine waves.

@T0NYD1CK 8 ай бұрын

Mathematically, a sine wave lasts for ever. It started at minus infinity and continues to plus infinity. So, if you switch it on at some point, what you have is not mathematically a pure sine wave. That accounts for starting transients. The really interesting thing about sine waves is that if you put them through a linear system then you always get out another sine wave with exactly the same frequency. The shape is exactly the same, only the amplitude and phase are changed. That makes them very useful to help document the characteristics of a system. You can feed in lots of different sine waves and see how the magnitude and phase of each one changes as it passes through the system. If you think about a square wave with a perfect 1:1 mark-to-space ratio and you put that into a system then each harmonic will be treated independently. If some frequencies are delayed more than others or if the amplitudes of the harmonics are treated differently then the shape of that square wave will be altered so what comes out will not look like a square wave.

@SoundAround-gr2xi 11 ай бұрын

"For square wave only the 'odd' harmonics are present". kzfaq.info/get/bejne/bc6pdc-Q2bq7mGw.html Is it because they are in phase with fundamental at all '0' transition points? kzfaq.info/get/bejne/bc6pdc-Q2bq7mGw.html

@T0NYD1CK 8 ай бұрын

The comment about square waves is a bit of a simplification. Firstly, you cannot make a perfect square wave from a series of sine waves. You always are left with a "ringing" effect at the corners. It is known as the "Gibbs Phenomenon." The second point is that to contain just odd harmonics the square wave must have an equal mark-to-space ratio. That is, all the vertical lines must be equidistant. If instead we have a series of pulses which can be considered a square wave with a different mark-to-space ration then you get all the harmonics both even and odd.