What is Austronesian?

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Күн бұрын

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Timestamp
0:00 - Introduction
1:08 - What is a language family
1:36 - Number of Austronesian languages & speakers
1:54 - Linguistic geography of Austronesian languages
3:43 - Academic development of Austronesian studies
8:00 - Wilhelm Schmidt invents the term Austronesian
9:02 - Academic development of Austronesian studies
10:23 - Earliest attempts to find the Austronesian homeland
11:02 - Bellwood-Blust Hypothesis | Out of Taiwan Hypothesis first proposed
12:36 - Austronesian usage beyond a linguistic group
Maga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon Supporters
Puti'on
Pim Limtiaco
Dylan Sablan
References
Bellwood, P., Fox, J. J., & Tyron, D. (2006). The Austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives. ANU Press.
Bellwood, P. (1984). A hypothesis for Austronesian origins. Asian Perspectives, 26(1), 107-117.
Blust, R. (1977). The Proto-Austronesian pronouns and Austronesian subgrouping: a preliminary report. Working Papers in Linguistics 9(2):1-15. Honolulu: Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii.
Blust, R. (1984). The Austronesian homeland: a linguistic perspective. Asian Perspectives, 26(1), 45-67.
Blust, R. (2013). The austronesian languages. Asia-Pacific Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University.
Blust, R. (2019). The Austronesian homeland and dispersal. Annual Review of Linguistics, 5, 417-434.
Duggan, A. T., Evans, B., Friedlaender, F. R., Friedlaender, J. S., Koki, G., Merriwether, D. A., ... & Stoneking, M. (2014). Maternal history of Oceania from complete mtDNA genomes: contrasting ancient diversity with recent homogenization due to the Austronesian expansion. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 94(5), 721-733.
Forster, J. R. (1996). Observations made during a voyage round the world. University of Hawaii Press.
Friedlaender, J. S., Friedlaender, F. R., Reed, F. A., Kidd, K. K., Kidd, J. R., Chambers, G. K., ... & Weber, J. L. (2008). The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders. PLoS genetics, 4(1), e19.
Grant, A., & Sidwell, P. (2005). Chamic and beyond: studies in mainland Austronesian languages. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.
Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Cordaux, R., Casto, A., Lao, O., Zhivotovsky, L. A., ... & Stoneking, M. (2006). Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific. Molecular biology and evolution, 23(11), 2234-2244.
Kayser, M. (2010). The human genetic history of Oceania: near and remote views of dispersal. Current Biology, 20(4), R194-R201.
Murdock, G. P. (1964). Genetic classification of the Austronesian languages: a key to Oceanic culture history. Ethnology, 3(2), 117-126.
Ross, M. (1996). On the Origin of the Term" Malayo-Polynesian". Oceanic Linguistics, 35(1), 143-145.
Ross, M., Pawley, A., & Osmond, M. (1998). The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society 1: Material culture.
Schmidt, W. (1906). Die Mon-Khmer-völker: ein bindeglied zwischen völkern Zentralasiens und Austronesiens. F. Vieweg und sohn.

Пікірлер: 2 300

@GaryHField 9 ай бұрын

Imagine our ancestors started from a few tribes in Southern China and Taiwan. Now we are 480 million strong 💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 9 ай бұрын

Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa) kzfaq.info/get/bejne/n85_hJRpqJnbnGg.html Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan Austronesians ≠ Southern China Chinese kzfaq.info/get/bejne/es-pdKqLspfZhp8.html

@BarHawa 8 ай бұрын

Brings a tear to my eye. I hope we can achieve some kind of unity in the future to protect our beautiful Pacific Ocean

@thebungalawang6841 8 ай бұрын

So amazing and beautuful ! ❤❤❤ Love my Austronesian Ancestor .! ❤❤❤

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 8 ай бұрын

Austronesians di Taiwan kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pN50fJB70sDJfJc.htmlsi=M7HX3dV0MwFTA-uZ

@paulfri1569 8 ай бұрын

Forced out of Red China by the Han Chinese.. I see why ASEAN is so United and strong today 💪💪💪💪

@afromolukker 7 ай бұрын

Mom took ancestry test. She is Moluccan (East Indonesian islands on coast of West Papua). Genetic cousins were identified as people who shared dna and saw that there were matches to Lau in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Def think linguistic connection has genetic component.

@bopndop2347 3 ай бұрын

What service provider did you use? My mum is from central province, PNG. Half of her DNA markers came back to Phillipines area/Polynesian

@aerichorrible 2 ай бұрын

Polynesia

@wenderis 8 ай бұрын

15:15 this is a bit crazy but the three houses you showed are my neighbours houses on the east side of Samosir island, Lake Toba. I can even see their grandkids clothes hanging on the right side. Haha Two of the houses are not even houses but rice granaries. There are some architectural distinctions in Batak Toba between the two. The clan that owns these houses just finished a new traditional house next to it, slightly larger with a much more elaborate and intricate carving (gorga).

@sitihere 8 ай бұрын

@rapoela7137 8 ай бұрын

Very interesting 🙏

@filipusandikawicaksana6822 8 ай бұрын

Bruh anjir kwkwkwkwkwk

@erinpilla 8 ай бұрын

I have been to Samosir and my guide explained the meanings of rumah bolon. My favorite is how he said 3 families can live inside altogether and hear when someone is making babies hahaha plus how the higher end symbolizes a desire of the older gen for the younger gen to be more successful than them.

@user-zd9cv6wc8h 8 ай бұрын

🇮🇩🙉🤢

@SultanSama-sh4jy 8 ай бұрын

When Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca, the Portuguese recovered a chart from a Javanese maritime pilot, which already included part of the Americas. Regarding the chart Albuquerque said ...a large map of a Javanese pilot, containing the Cape of Good Hope, Portugal and the land of Brazil, the Red Sea and the Sea of Persia, the Clove Islands, the navigation of the Chinese and the Gores, with their rhumbs and direct routes followed by the ships, and the hinterland, and how the kingdoms border on each other. It seems to me. Sir, that this was the best thing I have ever seen, and Your Highness will be very pleased to see it; it had the names in Javanese writing, but I had with me a Javanese who could read and write. I send this piece to Your Highness, which Francisco Rodrigues traced from the other, in which Your Highness can truly see where the Chinese and Gores come from, and the course your ships must take to the Clove Islands, and where the gold mines lie, and the islands of Java and Banda, of nutmeg and mace, and the land of the King of Siam, and also the end of the land of the navigation of the Chinese, the direction it takes, and how they do not navigate farther. - Letter of Albuquerque to King Manuel I of Portugal, 1 April 1512.

@PlasmProductions 8 ай бұрын

🎉🎉🎉

@BruhMoment-cs6tj 8 ай бұрын

Malay ultra-nationalist has two ways to choose = >> "Welp, Javanese is a Malay race tho... their greatness is ours too" >> "REEEEEEEEEEEE, FCKING HINDUNESIA PROPAGANDA"

@norzainimohd-zain1325 8 ай бұрын

Yeah, after Melaka (1511), the Portuguese went to islands leading to the Spice islands, ie. parts of Indonesia now.

@orgmicro 7 ай бұрын

THIS NAMED SUNDAELAND

@miloveify 7 ай бұрын

@@norzainimohd-zain1325 and, one of those island is my country Timor-Leste, situated between Australia and Indonesia. Portugal colonized for more than four centuries. They were primarily here for the sandalwood.

@sambo1476 8 ай бұрын

When i learn bahasa indonesia in 80 , i didnt realise that the malay language is the root of bahasa indonesia..until i meet malay in sumatera and malaysia then i understand the connection malay language as lingua franca to south east asia region

@musicziggurat24 8 ай бұрын

if you tell this to indonesian they gonna be rage..to said malay language is a root for bahasa indonesia is like taboo to them..their obession of their nationality over true history is another level of ignorance..

@editorizal 8 ай бұрын

@@musicziggurat24nope.., Indonesian even officially by government recognize Malay as root of the language.

@dhiananovitasari8652 8 ай бұрын

@@musicziggurat24Stupid comment, Indonesia states that Indonesian has roots from Riau Malay..Just like ENGLISH also comes from WEST GERMANIC LANGUAGE. Germans never make a fuss about the origins of the English language. The Indonesian language originates from Sumatra, the Indonesian region, where the largest kingdom, Srivijaya, was the center of civilization, the ancient Malay language being the lingua franca. It's ridiculous that Malaya always makes a fuss about the origins of the Indonesian language. For example, Germany accepts English as it is growing more rapidly. English, Dutch roots from German, after being established named after each country.

@souma1849 8 ай бұрын

@@musicziggurat24 mostly Indonesian rage because Malaysia claims Indonesian cultures, like even recently Malaysian used our national song and changed the lyrics only for kids songs, which is very disrespectful and you talk about "high levels of ignorance"? Like, are you kidding? Even I myself as an Indonesian, never heard that Indonesian rage because heard that our language root is from Malay language

@musicziggurat24 8 ай бұрын

@@souma1849 this is what I call ignorance. if you know history you will not call Malaysian steal other culture since during ancient time people use to migrate and try to preserve their own culture. There is no malaysia or indonesia at that time..and now their children want to use their own culture that their inherited from their forefather in different place and you called them as thief? about your national song..did your ever investigate the source or just take from your bias media? come on please open your corrupt mind and do research a little bit..even as malaysia we never heard about the song and u blame whole malaysian because one pest who created the song? meh

@nunyabiznes33 10 ай бұрын

I see that the Lima Gang hasn't found this vid yet

@ANTSEMUT1 10 ай бұрын

Lol.

@werren894 10 ай бұрын

what the ...

@ANTSEMUT1 10 ай бұрын

@@werren894the number 5 is very consistent throughout the austronesian language family. Hence why lima gang is a bit of a meme to represent that.

@werren894 10 ай бұрын

@@ANTSEMUT1 i know it's funny lul

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

lol! That's hilarious

@erinpilla 8 ай бұрын

As a native speaker of an Austronesian language, it still blows my mind how all of us came from a relatively small island like Taiwan and how our words for "five" are almost similar from Madagascar to Hawaii. As for the stilt housing shown, those houses are in North Sumatra in Indonesia. I got to visit them. Oddly enough there are similar houses in the inlands of South Sulawesi and West Sumatra. In my country, way up north there are also similar-looking stilt housing. Perhaps the prevalence of pork in non-Muslim Austronesians is a good evidence of how interconnected we really are. As an Austronesian person, I commend you for this video!!

@TheRULLY789 8 ай бұрын

the theory of Taiwan rooted is only an estimation theory. could be totally something else.

@kotarojujo2737 8 ай бұрын

still more plausible than everyting else originally came from here@@TheRULLY789

@citrowiyono8469 8 ай бұрын

Teori out of taiwan berdasarkan diversifikasi bahasa suku asli taiwan. Suku austronesia di Taiwan mewakili semua penyebaran di Nusantara, hawai, selandia baru, madagaskar. Lebih pdhl suku di taiwan jumlah ny tdk lebih 10 jt, bandingkn dg suku2 di nusantara. Perlu di kaji teori itu..

@alanguages 8 ай бұрын

Out of Taiwan, out of Sundaland, out of Indonesia. They are all located in Southeast Asia anyway.@@TheRULLY789

@CP0rings33 8 ай бұрын

@@TheRULLY789a Philippine genetic study from 2021 challenges this theory, claiming that populations from south China entered Taiwan and the Philippines 10,000-7,000 years ago in several waves of migration. It also shows that austronesians were the 4th or 5th people group to enter the Philippines,

@gaufrid1956 9 ай бұрын

My wife is a Higaonon tribeswoman from Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Her mother tongues are Higaonon Binukid and Mindanao Cebuano ("Bisaya"). She also speaks Tagalog ("Filipino"), Hiligaynon and Boholano. Our home is in Cagayan de Oro City. "Cagayan" derives from Old Malay, where "kag" meant "water", "kagay" meant "river" and the suffix "-an" denoted "place". So "Kagayan" is "a place with a river". Very well named as the Cagayan de Oro River runs straight up the middle of the city. I'm Australian, and a native speaker of English, but have learned to speak Bisaya and some Tagalog and Binukid. All the languages that my wife speaks, as well as many more in the Philippines, are actually distinct languages, not dialects as some people still say. While they have words in common, they are not mutually intelligible. The further south you go in the Philippines, the more words are shared with Bahasa Indonesia.

@troyridesph872 9 ай бұрын

You are right! Cagayan is indeed kagay or river. Im from Cagayan province of northern Luzon. Im native ybanag from the word "bannag" river . We are river people from the longest river in the Philippines the Cagayan river

@troyridesph872 9 ай бұрын

Our native language also shares similarities with bahasa Indonesia. Indonesians and Malaysians came here with boats called "balangay" hence sub divisions of a town is called barangay

@gaufrid1956 9 ай бұрын

@@troyridesph872 Tinuod na! That's right! There is just a small consonant shift between the two words. It's much the same as how in Mindanao Cebuano we say "bulan" for "moon" and "pahulay" for "rest", while in Cebu the words are "buwan" and "pahuway". Out of interest I have learned a bit of Tausug. Tausug words like "dayang" ("darling", "beloved") and "kasih" ("love") and 'lasa" ("sympathy", "affection") would be familiar to speakers of Bahasa Indonesia and Malay. The word "suwara" ("message", "saying") is another one. I would say the main difference between Tagalog and Bisaya, and Malay and Indonesian, comes down to the influx of words from Spanish as a result of the Spanish Colonial times in the Philippines.

@user-yf4co5in7d 8 ай бұрын

The word kagay or kag does not derive from old malay. You can also search for the other various terms related to that like kalayan, karayan, kayayan or kahayan etc.

@user-zd9cv6wc8h 8 ай бұрын

@@troyridesph872 indognesians are the shortest people in the world Filipino and Malaysians are more similar

@gojekgacor-lq9vl 7 ай бұрын

When the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians were busy building tall buildings, the proto-Austronesian people were enjoying their journey exploring the oceans, now I know that my ancestors were more powerful in 4500 BC and were able to sail the vast seas.

@junirenjana 8 ай бұрын

3:10 Proto-Malayic (the ancestor of Malay and related varieties) was most likely spoken in western Borneo prior to their expansion to Sumatra, and later on, to the Peninsula. The term "Malayu" itself used to refer to a region/polity that existed in what is now lowland Jambi in eastern Sumatra.

@potatoeskimos 8 ай бұрын

That's exactly correct. "Melayu" is a word referring to citizen of Melayu Kingdom. Like "Roman" citizens of "Rome".

@freddykalidjernih1131 8 ай бұрын

It's an interesting hypothesis. I am curious how you came to this conclusion or from whom you got this information because in 2003 (20 years ago) a linguist researching in Indonesia told me about this.

@junirenjana 8 ай бұрын

@@freddykalidjernih1131 That Malayic originated in Borneo is a pretty common knowledge among specialists in the region, I'd say. The most recent work re: this urheimat issue seems to be Alexander Smith's 2017 dissertation on the languages of Borneo.

@junirenjana 8 ай бұрын

see also the original Proto-Malayic monograph by Sander Adelaar as well as his 2004 paper "Where does Malay came from?"

@seagate709 8 ай бұрын

Malay language came from the motherland which is SUMATRA ISLAND not borneo😅😅😅

@ArchaeologyStudio 10 ай бұрын

Congratulations on another excellent video! Your review of "Austronesian" offers a concise and insightful introduction to the terminology, geography, and various ways of learning about culture, history, and language related to Austronesian people. Keep up the good work!

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Si Yu'os ma'ase' for the support and encouragement! Always really appreciate it!

@charleyjr.iriarte7428 10 ай бұрын

Are you Austronesian too?@@pulanspeaks

@user-zd9cv6wc8h 8 ай бұрын

🇮🇩🙉

@charleyjr.iriarte7428 8 ай бұрын

ahaha @@user-zd9cv6wc8h

@kn478 Ай бұрын

"terminology"? you mean proprogating a western nomenclature. Colonizers can control communication but you cant change material reality. Your efforts to obscure the truth will be in vain.

@rosswilliams2303 8 ай бұрын

Such a well informed and pleasant delivery. Thanks that was awesome.👌

@Gemi0613 8 ай бұрын

Taiwan is the origin of Austronesian peoples. But the saddest thing is no one sees Austronesian Taiwan nowadays. People only see "Chinese Taiwan" because the fact is still the government in Taiwan is the Republic of China 🇹🇼, and the majority is Han Chinese who are very keen to call themselves more native than the indigenous. You might see the recent gov made all the local languages including the Indigenous Taiwanese languages as national languages. But they are only boosh tbh. We are still forced to use Chinese everywhere including changing your name into Indigenous name. The gov only regard your Chinese transliteration as the real name instead of the romanised spellings.

@paulfri1569 8 ай бұрын

True. Mainland China is the original homeland of the Austronesians before the Han Chinese wiped them out..

@ridhaluqman9141 8 ай бұрын

Taiwanesse aborigin similiar like dayak tribe in borneo island

@haruzanfuucha 8 ай бұрын

@@paulfri1569Those were the Austro-Tais. Austronesians did not develop until their arrival to Taiwan.

@paulfri1569 8 ай бұрын

@@haruzanfuucha I see,🤔

@TheJadedSkeptic 7 ай бұрын

This is true. The people in ROC calling themselves "Taiwanese" nowadays are the worst cultural appropriators. They are all of Han Chinese decent and their ancestors pushed out the Taiwan aboriginals from the luscious plains into the mountains and have the galls to call them the "Mountain People". (Similar to how the Americans killed off most the 19 million Native Americans to take their lands, but at least they don't claim to be natives)

@ontariofirs7347 8 ай бұрын

Filipino languages such as Tagalog, Cebuano and Chavacano are probably the most latinised Austronesian languages since they use so much Spanish loaned vocabularies. Kinda like how English is the most latinised Germanic language and French is the most germanised Romance language.

@youngann6079 8 ай бұрын

Pinoy /Pinay true Family Taiwanese indigenous peoples（Ancestry Filipinos）≠ Latins and Anglo-Saxons😅 Austronesian Taiwanese = Austronesian Filipinos kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pN50fJB70sDJfJc.htmlsi=bEuytx-VcBdHsg-d

@gpl992 8 ай бұрын

What about Tetum and Chamorro?

@PlasmProductions 8 ай бұрын

🎉🎉🎉

@juanpedro1896 8 ай бұрын

Nobody cares

@CP0rings33 8 ай бұрын

Chavacano is a Spanish creole, not an Austronesian language

@francois9747 8 ай бұрын

Really enjoy your content, Pulan! I was wondering if you'd do a video specializing specifically on Fijian people exploring why and how Fijian culture is similar to Polynesian culture and whether this was always the case from the beginning, or only because the Bauan dialect, the dominant dialect in Fiji, had polynesian influence in it. My understanding is that Fiji had many different tribes with different customs, dialects, physical characteristics, and way of life. I'd love to see a video that really dives deep into Fijian culture and perhaps the link with the Lapita migration.

@zzenori 3 күн бұрын

wow this is a very informative video. thanks so much for sharing!

@rafaelmarwati 8 ай бұрын

English : Five Indonesian/Malay: Lima Tagalog : Limá Hawaiian : ‘E-lima Samoan : Lima Māori : Rima Fijian : Lima Tongan : Nima

@youngann6079 8 ай бұрын

Taiwan Formosan language kzfaq.info/get/bejne/orKao5l0rrebiok.htmlsi=-I8XeqyRU1OQyYET

@BMG131 6 ай бұрын

This proves nothing 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

@Steve60638 3 күн бұрын

@@BMG131lima means five. The word for number five in consistent in every austronesian languages. This is what they are trying to prove

@sallylauper8222 7 ай бұрын

Thank you PulanSpeaks for this succinct description. I've studied Filipino and Indonesian but didn't know exactly what "Austronesian" means.

@youngann6079 7 ай бұрын

The Origins of the Austronesians kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fNd9h9CWrayUZZc.htmlsi=19MVapQi1cHQ3NaI

@sowthistles 8 ай бұрын

Thank you for the great video!

@sampsonraysimon 7 ай бұрын

Thanks for the lesson!

@ProximaCentauri88 10 ай бұрын

Great video as always! Biba!

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Thank you very much!

@joshua_fry_speed9449 10 ай бұрын

I love your channel!!!! Can you please consider talking about Micronesia in the 1900s? I am especially interested in 1920-1960 and I can’t find content as good as yours.

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Wow Thank you! I absolutely will consider it, especially since I'm from the region.

@joshua_fry_speed9449 10 ай бұрын

@@pulanspeaks I am writing about the French-Japanese artist Paul Jacoulet and he entered Micronesia as a cultural recorder after colonialism but before the modern day (1930s). He adored the people and cultures, and among his best work were the prints from Palao, Saipan, Yap, Chuuk, etc. I would love to get there, but distance and cash. (I am in Canada.) And you have a very informative and perceptive series of videos.

@CommunicateWithNate 10 ай бұрын

Great Video! I like your subjects

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Thank you! I appreciate that!

@jeffgerber4542 10 ай бұрын

Awesome scholarship perfectly presented!

@Jalan_Receh 9 ай бұрын

I speak 2 Austronesian languages: Indonesian and Javanese (not japanese). Most of us are bilingual, Indonesian and our local languages.

@Si_nengatcha 9 ай бұрын

and a lot of us are trilingual ---> we also speak English which consider as foreign language.

@Psycho-th8vb 9 ай бұрын

Cheap knock off of philippines

@landove1486 8 ай бұрын

What do you mean? When it comes to diversity like number of local languages, Indonesia is by far much richer and more diverse than The Philippines, 700 vs 180 No competition at all.

@afaridpirmansyah7867 8 ай бұрын

@@Psycho-th8vb I believe you're not Filipino, We Indonesian and Filipino know we are different and yet similiar, we are have our unique culture and Etnicity that different from each other. "Knockoff" is weird word, please educated yourself open your mind filled your brain with knowledge instead of hate.

@Psycho-th8vb 8 ай бұрын

@@afaridpirmansyah7867 yes Filipinos are Austronesians mixed Chinese, Spanish and American While Indonesians are short, dark, native muslims We are indeed different. I'm amaze you're the first indonesian I've seen that have an intellect

@pero1023 10 ай бұрын

Love all your videos! Learn something new each time 🙏

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Glad you like them!

@ardeenav7928 9 ай бұрын

Very impormative❤

@yulunhuang7644 8 ай бұрын

I'm from Taiwan. I appreciate the clarity and information of this video. It's without doubt one of the Austronesian-related videos that I enjoy the most. Regarding the part of "Usage Beyond a Linguistic Group," I would love to hear more from you or discuss it with you. To me, in terms of language, the Out of Taiwan Model is convincing; genetically, it is not at all. For two reasons. First, in the context of the prehistoric peopling of Island Southeast Asia, it's important to note that Taiwan was not among the first lands to be visited. Modern humans entered into Island SEA at least 65,000 B.P., whereas the earliest human activities found in Taiwan date back only to 30,000 B.P. Not to mention the prehistoric Tapenkeng Culture of Taiwan, which was believed related to the emergence of the Proto-Austronesian language, was dated 7,000 to 4,700 B.P. Second, during the very beginning phase when the Austronesian language began to expand from Taiwan, its one-way language expansion did NOT necessarily mean one-way human expansion - considering that there were already prehistoric peoples spreading and settling throughout Island SEA. Instead, it is more plausible that population movements were two-way. As Andrew Crowe points out, "In reality, populations and customs rarely move as a single package over such enormous time scales." So do languages. Therefore, genetic-wise, it's more rigorous to broaden the ancestral homeland of - I hereby emphasize - "some" Austronesian speakers to a region of islands, including Taiwan, rather than limiting it to the island of Taiwan.

@marionetteproject508 8 ай бұрын

im actually grateful about taiwan, on of my ancestor's home country. I'm from tonga, but man im so sick of being known as "polynesian". It just doesn't feel right, nor does it suit my ancestry's origin.

@sallylauper8222 7 ай бұрын

This is interesting information. Are the dates of 65,000 B.P. and 30,000 B.P. based on archeological evidence? The major reason for citing Taiwan as the origin of Austronesian languages is the density languages/ dialects of Austronesian spoken there. I doubt any good linguist would quarrel with your assertion that Austronesian also developed in part from other places which were in contact with the Taiwan Proto-cultures. Of course, it's quite possible that the first emigrants to far islands spoke different languages and developed different languages (different from Austronesian) but these languages were then taken over by Austronesian languages and died out. I'll have to do some research on that Tapenkeng Culture.

@marioplayer1410 3 ай бұрын

Genetic wise, no one gives a shit about where you think you are from and what history classes you took. The beauty of genetics is that it has no bullshit in it. Filipinos are close genetically to the Dai people as well as Malays and Indonesians. You can continue reaching 50,000 years ago, but it seems like majority of Austronesian DNA is very recent.

@marioplayer1410 3 ай бұрын

Also what a typical Taiwanese mate. I can tell you are one of those people that try to downplay East Asian history.

@multistanppop6691 8 ай бұрын

The out of Taiwan theory is I think the correct one since it’s evident that the the original Austronesian language structure is preserved in Taiwan and Philippine languages and has become more diffused as it stretched out in the region.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 8 ай бұрын

Taiwan Formosan language kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pN50fJB70sDJfJc.htmlsi=PBTCmlixAV4AG5Vs

@Materia-Hunter 8 ай бұрын

Great video, well done. Thanks, Weird Al!

@ohhnobb 8 ай бұрын

There was a conference for austronesia speakers at my uni, i was lucky enough to be part of it (i was a student, my dialectology/sociolinguistics prof asked me to). Until this day i am pretty intimidated by how wide it was for austronesian, even madagascar is one of it

@KristenKras 9 ай бұрын

Wow, I have a lot to learn!

@datukingmandi4858 8 ай бұрын

In Maguindanao( province from Bangsamoro region located at south-central mindanao), "Lima" could either be "Hands" or "Number 5". Its maybe because hand has 5 fingers on one side.😅

@kingki1953 8 ай бұрын

I am not interested in geography but instead i am interested in computer and technology. To see future i need to see the past. I glad to see my ancestor has great history. And knowing my culture, Java (not programming languange, but but 'jawa' culture, most majority people in Indonesia), is being part of big family of Austronesia.

@youtubeislamtv 8 ай бұрын

Java lang

@lenaramoon4617 7 ай бұрын

lovely video

@stevewong8422 8 ай бұрын

very good info.. keep it up...

@WaraniWanua 8 ай бұрын

Despite austronesian culture & language dominates south east asian archipelago, their mon-khmer ancestor presence still stong in their DnA. Most Indonesian-Malaysian who did DNA test have strong percentage of Mon-Khmer DNA.

@n3woon 8 ай бұрын

I love this topic but i only do research on linguistic when i was in university.❤

7 ай бұрын

Great video

@EpicThe112 8 ай бұрын

Interesting video easy example are the vowel changes in some words between Tagalog to Malaysian and Indonesian api🇲🇾 =apoy🇵🇭. The rules here if it's an I ending in Malaysian and Indonesian you end up turning it into oy in Tagalog language. Which would explain why Filipinos should be able to pick-up some Malay/ Indonesian words in the written form Mutual intelligibility

@junirenjana 8 ай бұрын

The original ending is *-uy in Proto-Austronesian, e.g. *Sapuy for fire, Malayic monophthongized it to -i while many Philippine langs lowered it to -oy.

@user-zd9cv6wc8h 7 ай бұрын

🇵🇭🇲🇾real brothers💪🔥

@RhamaDhonny 6 ай бұрын

Apoy itu bahasa Majapahit bahasa madura Apoy pamasok

@osphranterrufus 8 ай бұрын

Very interesting! I just wondered why Papua New Guinea is outside of Austronesia but inside of Melanesia? Melanesia is half in Austronesia and half out of it. That would be an interesting topic to discuss!

@marionetteproject508 6 ай бұрын

thing is they've inhabited south east asia for quiet a long time as they got out of east eurasia

@taiwansivispacemparabellum9546 8 ай бұрын

Formosan here, Hi Cousins!

@hai-rf4ex Ай бұрын

@markryan9323 8 ай бұрын

Cool! This is the word I forgot for a long long time. So when someone ask my ethnicity, I can answer: "I'm Indonesian, so I'm Austronesian".

@lizbecs 8 ай бұрын

As a Visayan/Cebuano living in The Netherlands for 15 years, I noticed the same grammar adverbs for past participle verbs. Gikaon-Gegeten. Gilakaw/Gelopen. Gisulti/Gesproken... etc etc

@gunawanrahayu5652 8 ай бұрын

There are many people of Autonesian descent in the Netherlands, especially people from Indonesia

@edmundlalu7 8 ай бұрын

Do one video for the Nakanai people of New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea. They do also speak Austronesian language. i did abit of research on them, and it was believed there was a backward migration from the central pacific ocean back to new britain where they settled permanently. their life and way of doing things are all exactly similar to indigenous people of Fiji and move with them garden crops especially taro species exactly similar to the one planted in Fiji.

@thvtsydneylyf3th077 8 ай бұрын

Pulan provided a map that shows that new britain is indeed within the shaded regions of the austronesian speaking areas. if you look closely you will see that kuanua is an austronesian language. the tolai migration to the peninsula is very interesting and may be distinct to the rest of niu gini's ppl

@AngryKittens 8 ай бұрын

The stronger Papuan admixture in Island Melanesia is a result of a much more recent (post 700 AD) influx of Papuan migrations. The Lapita people didn't really interact much with Papuans. Like other Austronesians throughout much of the Austronesian expansion, they avoided settling populated lands and assimilated neighboring peoples slowly through acculturation. So the ancestral Lapita had higher percentages of Austronesian genes (70% to 80%), which is what we see in Polynesians who left Fiji at around 700 AD. The Lapita who remained in Island Melanesia intermarried more and more with Papuans, who by then, had also acquired seafaring technology from Austronesians by proximity. They also started settling coastal New Guinea. It's the reason why Island Melanesians look more Papuan, with darker skin and curlier hair, in comparison to other Lapita descendants like Polynesians and eastern Micronesians. Modern Island Melanesians are genetically more Papuan (only around 30% Austronesian on average), but in terms of language and culture, they remain predominantly Austronesian.

@aimanmarzuqi4804 8 ай бұрын

Finally, a video about my people. (I'm Malay btw).

@AI-hx3fx Күн бұрын

So good to hear CHamoru again. Si Yu'os Ma'åse for this content!

@Jejak_Pengangguran 3 ай бұрын

I don't know what my ancestors used to have problems with their neighbors in Taiwan, what is clear is that they chose to sail away and now I live here knowing that my cousins are on thousands of other islands in the Pacific.

@Aurekbeshisk 10 ай бұрын

Very good command of a bibliography that I'm sure is no that easy to resume and explain in a single video. I wish I could do that with my discipline.

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Thank you for noticing about the bibliography! It was indeed not easy to try to synthesize all the information into a single video and the early draft was approaching 40 minutes. Had to cut a lot out to make it more concise. Thanks for watching.

@Billy-jn6te 3 ай бұрын

A 2023 study showed Samoans and Tongans score the highest DNA haplogroup linkage to mainland China 🇨🇳 and the Māori are more closely related to aboriginal Australians and Indonesians.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 3 ай бұрын

China Austronesians?? 😅

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 3 ай бұрын

The Origins of the Austronesians kzfaq.info/get/bejne/n85_hJRpqJnbnGg.html Austronesian Taiwanese kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pN50fJB70sDJfJc.htmlsi=upy9raNj4eP5r4uH

@marioplayer1410 3 ай бұрын

Maori are mixed with Melenesians.

@user-et6zp1dg9k 9 ай бұрын

Do you plan on making the definitive and comprehensive documentary of the Chamoru people?

@jimimased1894 8 ай бұрын

excellent overview im descended from the first european born in new caledonia & to speak kanak pre colonisation, 170 years later we are still obsessed with austronesian culture! Worlds no 1 culture austronesia! x

@vinnyprell7302 9 ай бұрын

Saina ma'ase! I learned so much.

@dimulaidari3714 9 ай бұрын

Saina Ma'ase = Terima Kasih?

@vinnyprell7302 9 ай бұрын

@@dimulaidari3714 I don't know what Terima Kashi is. Saina Ma'ase is thank you in Chamoru.

@dimulaidari3714 9 ай бұрын

@@vinnyprell7302 "Terima Kasih"is Malay Word for Thank You.

@juanchofrancois5369 6 ай бұрын

The History of the Great Far East Asian lands are now only beginning to get recognized. I remember reading about the "Menang Kabaw Sumatra" during my grade school years in the Philippines and their connections to the muslim tribes of the south. The exploration of the Spanish king in the 1500s has destroyed the written and oral accounts of the pre colonial kingdoms in the Philippines. Even the Family heirloom we have in the vaults of the bank is made of 36 Karat gold and has precious sapphires and emeralds which is a chain of belts and necklaces that we believed to have been a gift from a rich trader of brunei who came to the philippines in the 1300s. The archeologists couldn't figure out its origins because too much history has yet to be unravelled. And it is very very difficult.

@TYPICHIT91 8 ай бұрын

Hello sir! do you have a book or related documents?

@bekf606 9 ай бұрын

Are there any study on the connection of languages and cultures of Taiwan, Northern Philippines, the people of Nagaland in India, People of Northern Lao, Northern Vietnam, Bai Yue of Southern China the to the rest of Austronesia? The geographic area I mentioned seemed to have similarities in terms of culture, hence maybe it has a connection to the rest of Austronesia. Ancient people North Vietnam people and the defunct Bai Yue of China were known to as expert seamen and navigators.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 9 ай бұрын

Austronesian Peoples ≠ Baiyue Peoples Baiyue( Sinosphere) = (South China Han /She/Li /Miao Ethnic Chinese（Nanman） )/Vietnamese Peoples Austronesian = Formosa(Taiwanese indigenous peoples)/Filipinos/Malays/Indonesians Native Peoples

@AngryKittens 9 ай бұрын

Yes. It's called the Austric hypothesis, which posits that the original peoples of southern China and mainland Southeast Asia are descendants of a common group. That includes Austronesians, Kra-Dai (Tai-Kadai), Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer), and Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yiao). All of these groups were displaced during the Han Expansion of the Sinitic peoples from up north, and were the ones referred to in Chinese records as the "Baiyue" or simply, the "Yue". Austronesian and Kra-Dai (modern Thais, etc.) are most likely sister groups, descendants of pre-Austronesians from the lower Yangtze, the Min River Basin, the Pearl River Basin, and Taiwan. They likely had extensive Neolithic contacts with the Hmong-Mien who formerly inhabited the upper Yangtze and much of the interiors of central China. The first domesticators of rice is a toss-up between these two groups. In turn, both likely also had extensive contact with the Austroasiatic groups (modern Vietnamese and Khmer, etc.) in the Mekong River basin and the Red River basin. Linguistically, it's difficult to establish relationships. But culturally, it's likely that they are distantly related or at least had extensive contact during the Paleolithic and early Neolithic. They have remarkably similar characteristics distinct from the more northern Tibeto-Sinitic groups; like the aforementioned rice farming and paddy-field technology, the same domesticates (chickens, ducks, pigs, dogs, water buffaloes), tattooing, teeth-blackening, stilt houses, similar long dugout paddled canoes (which were acquired by the Han Chinese and entered western consciousness as "dragonboats"), similar shamanic beliefs (particularly in water-based snake or sea serpent spirits vs. the chimeric Chinese dragons which had legs and were associated with mountains), similar art and designs (particularly in pottery and weaving), similar clothing (the wrap-around lower garments, pants, jackets, and head coverings; the early use of bark clothing; especially in contrast with Sino-Tibetan robe-like clothing), leaf-wrapped dishes, etc. The problem is that again, most of these groups don't live in their original homelands anymore because of the Sinitic expansions (from around 2000 BC to 200 AD). The Hmong-Mien were especially affected, being driven almost to extinction. The Kra-Dai survived by moving westwards to modern Thailand, Guangxi, and Yunnan. The Austroasiatic groups in Guangxi and Guangdong were mostly assimilated (the Cantonese people probably has an Austroasiatic substratum). The Vietnamese were even partially assimilated for 1000 years before breaking free. The mainland pre-Austronesians probably met a similar fate (many of the Min groups likely have a faint "Minyue" substratum, who were pre-Austronesian, which explains why these groups tend to be seafaring). Austronesians in Taiwan survived because of isolation.

@linwang2552 8 ай бұрын

really unrelated, searching in vain, please search in Taiwan island, 🤣🥱🥱

@HANUMAN7454 10 ай бұрын

Its a trip it go all the way to Madagascar. I only just recently learned that the population there is pretty much Blasian. Its bugged out and very interesting to me because there isnt a huge chain of islands between Madagascar and the rest of oceana. Just a huge wide open gap. Pretty cool. Makes you wonder if any settled on mainland Africa also.

@nurprimahidayah4620 8 ай бұрын

The austronesians went to Madagascar because they traded with east africa. It's done during the Sri Vijaya kingdom in today's Indonesia.

@motorola9956 8 ай бұрын

@@nurprimahidayah4620Most of the austronesians who were brought to the Madagascar were central Bornean that spoke the Barito languages chiefly the Ma'anyan people, either they were defeated tribe and enslaved, or they were searching for new colony.

@multatuli1 8 ай бұрын

@@motorola9956I think Hawaiian is far older than the European in America

@motorola9956 8 ай бұрын

@@multatuli1 Hawaiians is older in what term? You mean Austronesian/Polynesians settled in Hawaii earlier than the arrival of the Europeans to the Americas? Then yes.

@nasigorengkambingpedes 8 ай бұрын

@@motorola9956 there's 1 historian who also said that the migration of southern island people to Madagascar caused the decline of the great Roman and Persian empires. You know, because mainly southern people eat rice, you need abundant water to cultivate rice, thus making it a perfect breeding ground for mosquitos. So malaria. That was before the Arabs defeated both of them.

@keeskees6676 9 ай бұрын

Read Eden in the east by stephan Oppenheimer ;) WE also need to follow Mythos, Legends, For example did you know that Hainuwele Goddes from the Mollucas island is Archaix on par with Sumerian and even considered older :)

@MrStraightlover 8 ай бұрын

Biological and linguistic heritage are always in line, for the exception when the two are borrowing each other's codes. So the dark skinned, fuzzy haired melanesian would by no means share the same language ancestry with the light brown skinned, straight haired Indonesian, Malaysian, The Philipinnes ethnic groups.

@abcddef2112 8 ай бұрын

That map is missing koiwai (in Adi islands and Kaimana coast); there r in fact a couple of austronesian language in bomberay peninsula. Interesting to not as well there is plenty of folk story they have early contacts/ even ancestors from Java.

@TheKamakafari 8 ай бұрын

I'm Native Hawaiian, little more than 75% of my blood is solely Hawaiian and growing up I heard both polynesian and austronesian being used in the vein and often wondered about the words, if they meant the same thing and was used in different times or both were interchangeable. Honestly I believe my people barely make into the minds of my fellow countrymen that I highly doubt it even matters anymore despite how long we've been attached to one another. Here's a little factoid for anybody who comes acroos this both Hawaii born missionary settlers and Native Hawaiians fought on both sides of the civil war in America.

@Chimpunk729 8 ай бұрын

0:56 weird thay you dont include papua and australia since australian natives aborigin is part of austronesian and they had similar physical characteristic with timorese in sundaland region which you include it as austronesian...beyond that its useful and important educational video. Thank you for the video.

@nurprimahidayah4620 8 ай бұрын

Timorese speak austronesian languages. Papuans and Australians have their own language family.

@HH-he4pw 8 ай бұрын

Because papua and australian aborigin are not austronesian. People in timor have some similar physical characteristic because they have interacted and crossbreeded with the native papuan and australian

@HH-he4pw 8 ай бұрын

They dont speak austronesian language, practice austronesian culture and art, or have similar genetics to the majority of austronesian people

@vinom5364 5 ай бұрын

@@nurprimahidayah4620 not to get into semantical arguments but for example, all Papua New Guineans will claim to be Papuans. But Papua New Guinea is a big island, and most coastal communities speak Austronesian languages. The Lingua franca, in PNG is Motu: an Austronesian language.

@skylinelover9276 4 ай бұрын

Austronesian language history *Yangtze riverm China O1a M-119 DNA paternal - Fujian South China- Taiwan Proto Austronesian Language - Philippines archipelago/ C1b2a(Negritos)- MalayoPolynesian Branch (Austronesian O1a and Negrito C1b2a people intermix and created the MalayoPolynesian Branch of Austronesian language- Borneo-Sumatra- Modern Malaysia mainland - and spreads

@vnnwrywn 6 ай бұрын

13:31 It would even be, somewhat counterintuitively, hard to distinguish some Javanese with some others. Even among an ethnic group, genetic variations could be quite significant.

@Muka_gue_muka_JAWA 5 ай бұрын

Not all Indonesians are Austronesian from the Malayo-Polynesian family, for example, I myself am a Javanese, genetically I am an Austroasiatic people which means South Asian and our language is Indian Sanskrit, and Javanese are not Asian. You can see our physical characteristics are black. dark big eyed Chinese people even call us dwarf black Asians because we don't have Asian features

@BigSirZebras 3 ай бұрын

Anybody in the field who knows please correct me if I am wrong but does (Robert) Blust not rhyme with "dust"? In this video he seems to pronounce Blust as if it rhymes with "juiced". I am asking because I am a current graduate student working on Austronesian studies and I would hate to constantly mispronounce one of the most important names in the field wrong over and over again.

@StephanieCheng 8 ай бұрын

Fujian, China also has aboriginal groups that are genetically linked to aboriginal Taiwanese which was not included in these maps.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 8 ай бұрын

China Austronesians?? China Austronesian speaker?? 😅

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 8 ай бұрын

Taiwan Austronesians ≠ China Ethnic Chinese Austronesian Taiwanese vs Military of the Qing dynasty China (Chinese Colonialism） kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fMiIipOmvJqzqpc.htmlsi=XmLONB3MrkhoAEzS

@torichan9872 6 ай бұрын

Correct, I read somewhere that some of them were pushed out of Fujian and into Taiwan?

@marioplayer1410 3 ай бұрын

Source?

@ANTSEMUT1 10 ай бұрын

Speaking of traditional austronesian speakers not having any or very little austronesia admixture. Some tribes in Borneo particularly in the southwest have almost none. Or the Utsul/Hainan Cham have almost none.

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Thanks for the information!

@SuryanChandra 10 ай бұрын

Cham people in the former Champa kingdom area also have very little Austronesian components since they're assimilated Mon-Khmer people. Kra-Dai people might also be sibling group of Austronesian or even Austronesian themselves, although the Hlai from Hainan, Zhuang and Dai from South China, Thai, Lao and Shan people have some sizable Austronesian components related to the Filipino and some Southeast Taiwanese aborigines. The Kra, Buyang, Dong and Sui people have very high Austronesian components though.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa) kzfaq.info/get/bejne/n85_hJRpqJnbnGg.html Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan kzfaq.info/get/bejne/es-pdKqLspfZhp8.html

@ANTSEMUT1 9 ай бұрын

@@SuryanChandra the interesting thing about the aforementioned tribes in Borneo is that they are surrounded by austronesian groups that have like

@Un4rceable 8 ай бұрын

@@ANTSEMUT1It’s because there was a Chinese enclave there once. I forgot the name😅.

@amateruss 8 ай бұрын

"You just made that word up." -Soldier Boy

@eu4juke785 8 ай бұрын

lovely people culture and languages.

@attahuaavoha5139 2 ай бұрын

I'm Māori from NZ, Filipinos more close to Micronesian (some ), Polynesian.Haawain and Chuukede, Palauan and Yapase than they to thailand, indonesian, malaysian, Cambodia is Austro Asitic people's. and Guam/Chamoro people's more related to AustroAsiatic in Mainland SE Asian than to Filipino/Austronesians

@lyd4712 20 күн бұрын

That's wrong. Indonesia and Malaysia are Austronesian, while Thailand is Tai-Kadai and Cambodia is Austroasiatic. Indonesia is a huge country and have the biggest Austronesian ethnics diversity in the world.

@Kadukunahaluu 10 ай бұрын

Did Chamorro people come from Philippines or Indonesia? I'm inclined to believe the Philippines because of the use of the "um" and "in", but there are words in Indonesian that are more similar to Chamorro than it is in Filipino. Or maybe Chamorros came from a mix of the two?

@gungatz6696 10 ай бұрын

Probably both honestly.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa) The Origins of the Austronesians kzfaq.info/get/bejne/n85_hJRpqJnbnGg.html

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

Taiwan Formosan Languages kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qNeimc6klducd30.html

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan kzfaq.info/get/bejne/es-pdKqLspfZhp8.html

@ColoniaMurder20 10 ай бұрын

probably from Philippines.. there was story people in Guam told Magellan crew how to reach in Philippines Islands.

@home8630 8 ай бұрын

I have a genuine question that I would like answered: Why is Australia and New Guinea not part of the Austronesia groupings, people and area, since its a shared geography, space and place, how come it is bypassed?

@pulanspeaks 8 ай бұрын

Good question. If you look closely at the map that I made, only parts of New Guinea [mainly coastal areas and bird head's area] are considered part of the Austronesian world as indicated by the shading and that is because the indigenous people there speak Austronesian languages. In most of New Guinea as well as the entirety of Australia, the people don't speak Austronesian languages and therefore are not considered Austronesian. Hope this helps.

@alohaXamanda 8 ай бұрын

Okay the algorithm is creeping me out. I mentioned in one comment that I have austronesian ancestry and this video was in my feed.

@stevannyandara5853 6 ай бұрын

that's why indonesian,filipino,malaysian,guam looks like twin. Kalo di asia tenggara filipina,indonesia dan malaysia seperti kakak dan adik

@_MUHAMMAD__SAW__ 5 ай бұрын

The majority of Indonesia's population, 45% of whom are Javanese, are Austroasiatic people, Asian people who have black skin, dwarf bodies, the Austroasiatic race is an australoid race that evolved, they came from South Asia, which is now called India, so Austroasiatic people are often not considered. Asia because its characteristics tend to be more similar to Australoid. than Asians

@lyd4712 20 күн бұрын

@@_MUHAMMAD__SAW__the majority of Indonesia are Javanese which are Austronesian, not Austroasiatic. And both Austronesian and Austroasiatic are part of mongoloid race, not australoid. You know nothing.

@identitycrisisplus60 8 ай бұрын

Mix melayu Bangladesh (Malaysia) 2020

@colinubeh1180 8 ай бұрын

I came across a video of aborigine Taiwanese & I was so surprised that 5 is lima, one particular language tina is mother. So there it is, Taiwan or Formosa must be the ancestral homeland to Austronesians.

@EagleWhistle 12 күн бұрын

Part of my Ancestors 🥰😍

@fishonado 9 ай бұрын

it's hard to ignore the language shared..numbers 1 to 10...every Austroneasian shares the 1 to 5 and the number 10 as the same language...proto Austronesian number 10 derived from sa (number 1) and pulo(bunch of bananas that numbered 10)...in Ilocano, the number 10 is sangapulo...the number 20 is duapulo...the number 30 is talopulo and so on...Ilocano and the Igorot of the Philippine mountains are the closest in culture and language to the southern tribes of the mountain people of Taiwan.

@thebungalawang6841 8 ай бұрын

Sangihe / Sangir tribe from North Sulawesi Prov , Indonesia .!! 10 Mapulo 11 Mapulo esa 12 Mapulo Dua 13 Mapulo telu 20 Duangpulo 21 Duangpulo esa 22 Duangpulo dua 23 Duangpulo telu 30 Telungpulo 40 Epapulo 50 Limangpulo 55 Limangpulo Lima 60 Enumpulo 70 Pitungpulo 80 Walungpulo 90 Siongpulo 91 Siongpulo Esa 100 Mahasu 1001 Mahasu sembau 500 Limahasu 1000 sehiwu 1 Sembau 2 Darua 3 Tatelu 4 Epa 5 LIMA 6 Enung 7 Pitu 8 Walu 9 Sio Father = Amang MOther = Inang 1 people / Person = Tau Many people = Taumata Eye = Mata Island = Banua

@Consolector 8 ай бұрын

in kapampngan 10 is apulo

@yuzaboy8716 8 ай бұрын

Edukasi yang baik..Salam dari indonesia 🇮🇩👏

@ayi3455 8 ай бұрын

naratornya kayaknya Tranz deh ...

@sherlyxyuna2779 8 ай бұрын

@@ayi3455tranz??😂

@ayi3455 8 ай бұрын

@@sherlyxyuna2779 dengerin aja gaya ngomongnya ..

@foofaz5182 8 ай бұрын

@@ayi3455 bang...apa hubungannya? Random bet jir

@paulfri1569 8 ай бұрын

ASEAN should include the Pacific islands and have Indonesia as the heart of it ..

@champaputih4568 8 ай бұрын

Why sang a song "Just someboy I used to know" and gone missing?

@griefer3454 8 ай бұрын

At this point, all austronesian speakers phenotypes are because of the region and the people who colonised/traded with them.

@Kim-cj2ds 10 ай бұрын

Really good video well explained, Peoples are just Saying "Austronesia Came from Taiwan" without reason nor mentioned "Theory" "Hypothesis" became cult of believe instead rationality science. I hope you make detailed version of Support and Weakness of Out of Taiwan, Out of Sundaland theory in the future.

@minim6981 10 ай бұрын

Only Western Indonesians and Malaysians have roots in Mainland Southeast Asia. Half of their DNA comes from there, and the other half is Austronesian (from Taiwan). The rest of Austronesians don't have this Mainland Southeast Asian ancestry

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

Taiwanese indigenous peoples = Native Indonesians（Pribumi） Taiwanese indigenous peoples(Formosa Peoples )/Chinese Peoples （Tionghoa) in Taiwan kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pLBio7igtZyreHk.html

@pulanspeaks 10 ай бұрын

Thank you! One day I do plan to make a detailed version of the differing theories.

@Dvon5604 10 ай бұрын

Sundaland is cap

@parisan9985 10 ай бұрын

How reliable is Out of Sundaland theory compared to Out of Taiwan?

@MyParentsBiggestMistake 9 ай бұрын

I'm filipina and proud austronesian 😳♥️💯

@CocaineCowboyJones 9 ай бұрын

Tumigil ka! Nakakahiya ka! Huwag mo na ipagsigawan, walang may pakialam sa iyo!

@chewy6487 8 ай бұрын

But are you a proud Asian 🤔

@MyParentsBiggestMistake 8 ай бұрын

@@chewy6487 Austronesians are Asians bro so it means i'm proud Asian too lol

@potatoeskimos 8 ай бұрын

@@MyParentsBiggestMistakeAustronesians are not Asian. We are our own race actually.

@MyParentsBiggestMistake 8 ай бұрын

@@potatoeskimos but we live in asia right?

@Izzy-qf1do 9 ай бұрын

Subbed

@user-xi5xv8ht6g 2 күн бұрын

I'm black American with Malagasy ancestry and people tell me I look austonesian all of the time. When my sister lived in Hawaii everyone thought she was half Hawaiian or Asian.

@Clarksville000 8 ай бұрын

Tagalog is the most hardest language in Austronesian language family while indonesian bahasa the easiest one

@youngann6079 8 ай бұрын

The Origins of the Austronesian languages Taiwan Formosan languages kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qNeimc6klducd30.htmlsi=SQ49XrHfb5yQjnMS

@chewy6487 8 ай бұрын

It's not a pure Austronesian language since it has a lot of Spanish words and some Chinese words.

@Clarksville000 8 ай бұрын

@@chewy6487 Filipino language is the one who have a Spanish loan word while Tagalog is purely native

@dayangmarikit6860 8 ай бұрын

@@chewy6487And? There's no such thing as a "pure languag"... Bahasa has Dutch, English, Chinese, Portuguese, Sanskrit and Arabic Loanwords.

@dayangmarikit6860 8 ай бұрын

Even Spanish has Arabic loanwords mixed into it.

@Incidental104 9 ай бұрын

I've got a genuine question here, and I want to clarify that I'm not trying to offend or be insensitive in any way. I'm really intrigued by the fact that Austronesians never seem to have colonized Papua and Australia. It's puzzling to me because we know that native Australians and Papuans have been isolated for over 50,000 years, similar to Native Americans, which would theoretically make them susceptible to diseases from Asia if the Austronesians settled there. This could have made it easier for Austronesians to colonize these lands. Moreover, due to their isolation, the native populations in Australia and Papua did not have access to many of the technologies that Austronesians had through trade with Asia and their own innovations. also, Austronesians didn't just focus on small islands; they successfully colonized Madagascar and New Zealand so I don't see how the fact that Australia and Papua are huge has anything to do with that. I tried searching for an answer to this question online, but I couldn't find a satisfying explanation. That's why I'm asking here. Please understand that I'm genuinely curious and basing this on assumptions about how human history often unfolds when more advanced cultures interact with others.

@JcDizon 8 ай бұрын

Some Austronesians were actually not immune to Eurasian diseases like the Polynesians and even Guam. The Hawaiians and the Maori both suffered population collapse after contact with the Europeans. The Austronesians did settle in Papua but only on the coastal regions. I heard that the terrain there is quite difficult to pass through. And as for Australia, it might have something to do with the desert climate. And New Zealand and maybe Madagascar were uninhabited when Austronesians settled there.

@AhmadAfif-sl8tc 8 ай бұрын

How did Africa jump over mexico / brazil?

@Incidental104 8 ай бұрын

@@AhmadAfif-sl8tc Bantu Africans were never seafarers, austronesian people reached Madagascar before Africans. Also the distance from Indonesia to Australia is mere kilometers while Africa and south America are oceans apart? We are talking about a culture here that goes from Africa to north America while somehow missed the huge landmass in the middle of their range.

@Incidental104 8 ай бұрын

@@JcDizon I find it intriguing that despite Northern Australia's geographical and climatic proximity to Indonesian islands, Austronesian people may not have settled there specifically. It's possible that the strong presence of native Australians played a role in this. Austronesian arrivals often came in smaller numbers, typically just a few boats, and lacked a unified centralized national identity or empires, which may have made a coordinated "invasion" and colonization of inhabited lands very hard. This is contrasted with European colonization, where larger numbers meant that even if one ship was repelled, the centralized powers would send 1000 more, making any native resistance almost impossible. (This is from what I understand from extra research I did after this comment)

@Vilwatikta 8 ай бұрын

Have you ever heard of Sulawesi people sailing to sea cucumbers in northern Darwin?. The Javanese were also masters of the seas, they ship called "Jung" these ships controlled important trade routes in southeast Asia Before Europeans came.. They also sailed to southern Australia Which was recorded by Europeans. They used Jung to trade and go to the war, even they defeating the Mongols. When the Javanese and Portuguese fought in the Strait of Malacca, the Javanese ships were much larger than the Portuguese has,The Portuguese even found a map of the Andalusian peninsula on Javanese maps. In my opinion, why the "Austronesians" didn't colonize Australia was because they had enough of the fertile natural resources where they lived (southeast Asia), They only sailed to Australia just to trade and barter with the native people. I don't agree if Australia is said to be an isolated place for thousands of years, because before Europeans, we Austronesians had contact with indigenous Australians. Not for colonization like Europeans, but for equal and profitable trade. It's a shame that when Europeans came to Australia, Austronesians were prohibited from sailing there. Hundreds of years of colonization and finally the Jungian shipping traditions of my ancestors were lost.

@crybabylebongo 7 ай бұрын

very nice and interesting, your left hand spin is kinda distracting though

@z32plus2 8 ай бұрын

Population from mainland mass would have technically advancement beyond what are available to isolated Population, such as domesticated chickens and dog, both suspected originally from south Asia, plus advancement in farming techniques would dominate isolated Population in millionaire to come

@sirdamion7 10 ай бұрын

A person from the "South Islands".

@wewenang5167 7 ай бұрын

FINGERS CROSS THAT WE WONT HAVE MALAYSIANS AND INDONESIAN HAVING A WAR IN THE COMMENT SECTION WKWKWKWKWK. XD

@spellonyou7987 8 ай бұрын

Ocean language sounds cool. We are people of the islands, where the deadly volcanoes meet the ocean.

@simplethewaterbender6264 8 ай бұрын

let's compare your language with mine! i speak javanese (ngapak dialect) father - Rama/Bapak mother - Rena/Ibu 1 - siji 2 - lara 3 - telu 4 - papat 5 - lima 6 - enem 7 - pitu 8 - walu 9 - sanga 10 - sepuluh rungu or krungu - to hear/to be heard langit - sky watu - stone kambing - goat manuk - bird

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 8 ай бұрын

Taiwan Formosan languages very similar kzfaq.info/get/bejne/jNl5eMKDzpnbqKc.htmlsi=9H5aViKow_IeDjP6

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 8 ай бұрын

Austronesians di Taiwan kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pN50fJB70sDJfJc.htmlsi=M7HX3dV0MwFTA-uZ

@Nurul0719 8 ай бұрын

Manuk bahasa Melayu Sarawak tu ayam

@irfanmaulana8404 8 ай бұрын

*2 = loro *8 = Wolu

@simplethewaterbender6264 8 ай бұрын

@@irfanmaulana8404 logat ngapak beda, kaka

@paiwanhan 10 ай бұрын

Great video. Just want to respond to the Sundaland claims below. The last time Sundaland was completely above sea level was during the last glacial maximum around 21,000 to 20,000 years ago, and that period allowed paleolithic negritos to populate Taiwan and Palawan from Sundaland. However, subsequent warming periods severed those land bridges, and neolithic Proto-Austronesian speakers didn't reach Taiwan until the two Dryases around 14,000 to 10,000 BP, which were abrupt interruptions to the warming post LGM. These neolithic cultures co-existed with the paleolithic cultures well into 6000BP as shown in archeological evidences in Taiwan. They probably mixed and had cultural/linguistic exchanges according to multiple indigenous legends. It would be close to 9000 years after the arrival and isolation of these neolithic inhabitants of Taiwan that these early Austronesian peoples began to expand out of Taiwan, first westward back to Asian mainland and developed into the Kra-Dai speakers, and then southward to the Philippines, and the rest of island South East Aisa, and on to Oceania. The Proto-Austronesian language and peoples developed as a result of at least 8000 years of isolation in Taiwan. I think claiming they came from Sundaland is pretty much pointless. By the time they've reached Taiwan, Sundaland ceased to exist for nearly 10,000 years, and they are distinctly different both genealogically, culturally, and linguistically from the original inhabitants of Sundaland. I mean, granted they were all still descended from early darker skinned migrants into Asia through South Asia into the Sundaland and as a result all shared a relatively high admixture with the Denisovans, but at that point we might as well just call everyone Africans, since we all came from there.

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

The Origins of the Austronesians kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fNd9h9CWrayUZZc.html Taiwan Formosan Languages kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qNeimc6klducd30.html

@user-nv3bl2kw7l 10 ай бұрын

The Sundanese are of Austronesian origins and are thought to have originated in Taiwan. They migrated through the Philippines and reached Java between 1,500 BC and 1,000 BC

@paiwanhan 10 ай бұрын

@@user-nv3bl2kw7l 1500BC? Why would they be called Sundaland people when Sundaland no longer exists and hadn't been a complete landmass above sea water for at least a couple thousand years?

@nettilee2696 10 ай бұрын

@@paiwanhanit is not completely disappear, sundaland as land mass still has the remnants today consist of many islands, even large islands, thus it would have many artefacts from that time that's still waiting for the archaeologist to find, that's been buried underneath the earth

@SuryanChandra 10 ай бұрын

Pretty sure the people who would become the Austronesian or East Asian in general never came down to Sundaland after they passed through India to Mainland Southeast Asia. They went up to China and started splitting there instead. Even Austro-asiatic speaking people migrated from South China, making the languages of the original inhabitants of Southeast Asia extinct. Austronesian followed after through maritime route from Taiwan and the Phillippines and started penetrating into Mainland Southeast Asia (the Chams, the Malays, and probably some unspecified folk in Funan). Then the Tibeto-Burman people came down from Yunnan and TIbet to Burma and Northeast India (the Chinese would call them the Diqiang people, from Dirong and Qiang people who fled from the Han Chinese in the North, the Austro-asiatic people were called Baipu, although the Pu people were mistakenly used for Tibeto-Burman people and Kra-Dai people during Zhou Dynasty, and the Kra-Dai people were called Baiyue, although the Vietnamese would insist they were Austro-asiatic Vietic people despite the Kra-Dai people being present right above them). The Kra-Dai, specifically the Tai branch would be the last massive migration from China to Southeast Asia. The Han Chinese also migrated in small numbers for thousands of years, even before Tai people came down. The general trend of migration is North-to-South.

@randkudingking4157 Ай бұрын

Kadazan, Dusun, Tatana and Rungus are Dusunic languages of the Austronesian languages

@TheIndogamer 8 ай бұрын

Amazing educational video. Your research is absolutely well done, and I like how you structure the topics of how information about Austronesia evolved, and well presented. Makes me more proud of my Austronesian self. However, I mean no insult, but your one handed gesticulation looks awkward and felt monotonal, seeing essentially basically the same open-palm movement. I highly suggest you utilize your right arm too, like your "Fino' CHamoru is NOT Spanish" video :))

@umhomemgravida 8 ай бұрын

as a javanese from indonesia, that speak javanese everyday, probably we understand other austronesian language such as malaysian language, tagalog philipines, and madagascar, but for oceania it's kinda "not that similiar"

@bayuadiwicaksono6806 8 ай бұрын

bahasa melanesia banyaknya minta ampun, bahkan mungkin separuh lebih bahasa daerah di Indonesia dari papua dan sekitarnya😂. Makanya orang timur di Indo umumnya pakai bahasa melayu dari jaman dulu, faktanya bahasa khas timur itu lebih tua dari bahasa indo sendiri😂

@umhomemgravida 8 ай бұрын

@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 yap, setuju, bukan cuma melanesia dari papua / papua nugini aja sih, tapi juga beberapa negara seperti kepulauan solomon, kaledonia baru, ataupun vanuatu, mereka juga punya banyak banget bahasa dari 1 negara....

@umhomemgravida 8 ай бұрын

@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 faktanya, bahasa jawa sendiri bahasa native yang paling banyak tersebar, biasa nya disebarkan lewat orang jawa yang merantau ke tempat lain.... makanya bisa ada orang jawa di madagaskar, kita orang2 yang berjiwa petualang wkwkwkwkwk 🤣🤣🤣

@bayuadiwicaksono6806 8 ай бұрын

@@umhomemgravida petualang mageran, nyaman males pindah lagi😂

@umhomemgravida 8 ай бұрын

@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 betul, kalau udah nemu tempat enak ngapain pindah wkwk

@gold-toponym 8 ай бұрын

Edit: 10:10 concerning the Champa hypothesis of Austronesians migrating down to Indonesia, namely Borneo and other areas May in fact be true, but there may have been layers of migrations and cultural similarity. The dong son cultures show depictions of men in feather hats and thin upper leg shawls. Dong son was attributed with austroasiatic culture but may have had some influence from neighboring tai kadai or influence from austronesians further up east along the coast of southern china. Regardless of that fact, both austronesian and Austroasiatic before them may have used the same route down further into indonesia. There is a hypothesis that austroasiatic dispersed via northern vietnam. Indigenous borneons still harbor austroasiatic influence although largely austronesian now and speak Austronesian languages. Many in western indonesia to malaysia, basically the former Sundaland continental shelf were assimilated austroasiatics That were assimilated by migrating austronesians as they were spreading out. The genetic connections are still there. Austroasiatic was once spread from mainland Southeast asia, to india east into central, all the way down to Java island, Borneo, to Lombok and obviously, peninsular Malaysia and sumatra. 50% genetic connection is not just a coincidence. There are still various substrate words of Austroasiatic I can see in current Austronesian languages in the archipelago today. Most that dont have connections to the Austric theory. And many current "Austronesian" cultures in that region have many large shared attributes with Austroasiatic culture like Khmer that do not come as a result of "Indian" influence. Mainly dance, hand movement, hand gestures representing serpents (naga) and large crowns with gold and flowers (NOT Indic influence). Some of these cultures peoples can have their fingers bend back in an arch shape like what you see in Cambodian, now Thai dances, it is Austroasiatic--not Indian or Austronesian.

@Wkwkwkland904 8 ай бұрын

As an Indonesian its more confusing than that, because we have so many archeologist finding that still become mistery untill this day from clam eating people, homo erectus soloensis, homo wajakensis, denisovan cave painting, to recent discovery of real Hobbit, so good luck if someone decided to debunking all of that.

@gold-toponym 8 ай бұрын

@@Wkwkwkland904 there's more mysteries underwater when Sundaland sank. So imagine all the stuff that is gone in the water. Negrito civilizations, other artifacts left by the basal east asians, Papuans, Australians before Austros came down.

@Wkwkwkland904 8 ай бұрын

@@gold-toponym as far as i know there is no negrito civilization in Indonesia and papuans are Austronesians too, our anchestor were already making trade route with torrest people in Australia since thousand years ago so i doubt there is a conflict between the Austronesians & aboriginal people in Australia. If anything sunken underwater its from modern civilization happened few hundred years ago and its on the record.

@Sporkonafork1 8 ай бұрын

Makes sense. As a Mexican American from the outside looking in, I have observed that populations in western Malaysia and western Indonesia tend to be slightly darker than those in the center islands, and this makes sense if we understand that the Austroasiatics came to the archipelago from the continental north, rather than the oceanic north which is further east.

@Sporkonafork1 8 ай бұрын

@@Wkwkwkland904Papuans are not austronesians unless they are from the coast and even then, I’d be hard-fetched to say that their original basal blood is Austronesian.

@budimargarito989 5 ай бұрын

So many language in indonesian archipelago and so many ethnic difference

@Shamori02 4 ай бұрын

Iam Sasak people in lombok island Indonesia , sasak people is Austronesian

@dannyreidy712 10 ай бұрын

In terms of the debate about whether the term "Austronesian" should be used in non-linguistic context, where do you fall?

@ginoangeles5260 10 ай бұрын

I as an Austronesian person lean towards using it as an identifier beyond languages. I see it more so as an island southeast asian identity though (western malayo polynesian)

@junirenjana 8 ай бұрын

Personally I'd reserve it for linguistic usage, but I don't object to the usage of "Austronesian" as an adjective e.g. to describe common cultural practices, not as noun referring to an individual of Austronesian heritage.

@skylinelover9276 3 ай бұрын

Theory and Genetics Y-DNA paternal haplo group O1a- m119=Taiwan Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race Proto Austronesian O3- m122= Sundaland Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race mixed to negritos O2a-m95= Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race Austroasiatic O3e-m134= Basal East Asians Sinitic Chinese K-p378= Sundaland Basal Austroloids Negritos or Australo Melanesian *Average Filipinos🇵🇭 DNA paternal is 50% O1a-m119, 30% O3-M122, 20% others *Average Indonesians🇮🇩 DNA paternal is 40% O2a-m95, 40% O3- m122, 20% others *Average Malaysians🇲🇾 DNA paternal is 40% O3-m122, 20% O3e-m134, 20% O2a-m95, 10% others

@kennethguinto4862 2 ай бұрын

@@junirenjana because we have to comply to white people telling us that somehow its just a lingustic identifier even if we look alike, sound alike culturally some how related if you look good enough? Australians as white Europeans not unless they are obviously Austronesians. but somehow we cant do the same... cause you know colonizers divided us.