Although it's wrong, check veratasiums latest video.

I can’t take anyone seriously when they start a sentence with “bruh”.

No it's not the electrons it's the electric field around the cable.

I understood about three words there

This explanation of how current flows is to make school kids understand and is overly simplified. Electrical energy is carried by the electric field and not electrons themselves, so in AC circuits, the field (which travels at the speed of light) oscillates.

I agree that Veritassiums video was mindblowing, but personally I found it too short, a bit "sensationalist" and not detailed enough. I found some videos on "The Science Asylum" channel that actually did a better job at explaining what's going on. But I still don't fully understand what's actually happening when I flip a switch, and perhaps I never will, despite having a high school electronics major and working in tech...

I recommend watching deez

They just receive electrons to back as a normal atom

Joseph Joestar dear god

Very good

Both the electrons present in the wire and the electrons present at the negative terminal of a battery.

In the case of a battery, the electrons are used in one or more chemical reactions: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y6tyarGHpp3WeWg.htmlm30s

The formula for current is i = n.e.v, where n is no. of electrons passing through the wire per second, e is electronic charge, and v is drift velocity of the electrons. So, a higher current can mean many electrons moving at some low speed (for a copper wire), or a just involving a few electrons but moving at a very high speed (for a superconductor).

Yeprr

●1 coulomb = 6.24×10^18 electrons charge. ●1 electron = 1.602×10^ -19 coulombs of charge.

isn't it like the charge in a cloud or something no clue

Johan Ariff they are all just analogies anyway, in an attempt to explain the maths. So I wouldn’t be too worried about that...

this is the only comment that is recognisable English

I am. We're probably from different schools.

🙋🏻‍♀️

@@vivepc3210 this is true, there are a lot of schools in existence

Gang

Electrons flow from negative to positive. Conventional current flows from positive to negative. Electrons are physical. Conventional current isn't.

Edi is spot on, we need a better analogy that teaches the proper concepts behind "electricity". For example voltage is usually portrayed as "pressure", implying that there's less and less pressure "pushing" electrons around after each load in a circuit. Electrons would start piling up after each load and never make it to the other terminal! (We know the current in a circuit is the same throughout the entire circuit - there are as many electrons leaving the negative terminal as are arriving the positive terminal!) We often talk about (and diagram) the magnetic field around a wire, but almost _never_ talk about the electric field around a wire. This field, unlike electrons, moves at the speed of light and causes the electron movement as Edi points out. We also don't really explain some of the physics behind simple circuits. A circuit with just a resistor and a battery generates heat; where does that energy come from? Are electrons converted to heat and disappear from the circuit? We know that the current after the resistor is the same as before the resistor, so electrons aren't disappearing. What is getting converted to heat? A light bulb creates photons.....how does that happen? It would be awesome if someone accepted the challenge of explaining what "electricity" really is and how voltage, current and resistance really work.

sengelbr help me understand plz.any nice video available ?

Karthik, Just what "electricity" is entails a very significant discussion of physics, and for most people (even professional electricians!) the water analogy and Ohms Law is enough of a workable model to enable them to do their work (even through it is completely wrong!). Many "electricians" and circuit designers would be in disbelief if you told them that, for instance, electrons move on average a couple of inches an hour (in a DC circuit; in an AC circuit they wiggle back and forth and never go anywhere!) Even if you've lived in your home your entire life its probably the case that the actual electrons from the power company from when you moved in _still_ haven't arrived at your home yet! Or that the _energy_ in a circuit actually travels just _outside_ the wire! That's right, the _energy_ from your power company lighting that bulb in your living room travels on the _outside_ of the wire in the form of EM pulses. (Fun fact - in coax cable the energy travels in that insulator between the two conductors!) There is also a whole separate discussion of the physics that occurs _inside_ the wire...how electrons build up in the bends of a conductor to form a "guide" for the other electrons for example. Its amazing that even today we teach about a thing called "electricity" (there really is no such entity) and describe it as electrons traveling from one terminal of a power source to the other and apparently this "powers" a motor or light bulb. But in reality when you close the switch on a simple circuit with a battery and a load a lot of very cool phenomena all happens at once. There is an electric field generated; current begins to flow and creates a magnetic field (that intersects the electric field at exactly 90 degrees everywhere!), both of which set up the Poynting Vector (outside the wire) which describes the unidirectional energy flow from the battery to the load. The electrons continue to circle around the circuit, but it is the (Poynting) _energy_ flow which is unidirectional (from both ends of the battery) into the load which powers the load. (Although electrons move very slowly, this energy flow moves at the speed of light!). You may want to google "Poynting Vector" which will lead you to many references such as en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poynting_vector ; another good starting point is amasci.com/miscon/energ1.html . Also, once one better understands all this phenomenon the concept of radio waves and antennas becomes much clearer!

Edi Gotlieb but this is not about what causes them to move rather how they move generally

try amasci.com/ele-edu.html Also, batteries are charge-pumps. But in their drawing, they treat the battery as some sort of capacitor, and never mention that the path for current is *through* the battery and back out again. The tube full of balls should extend through the battery. Or at least, let the human fingers transport metal balls through the battery. (Or better yet, don't use a battery, instead use a dynamo, where its electromagnet coil is also a wire full of movable balls.) In "most circuits" the current is electron-flow. But their diagram shows the exact situation where non-electron currents exist: INSIDE BATTERIES. Also, in this video they make the same error as all other introductory battery explanations. Every book you can find will pretend that the battery is an insulator, with the "used electrons" piling up inside the positive end, and with zero current going through the battery electrolyte. Why? Why do it this way? It's not because it's correct. In fact, whenever there's an ampere in the circuit, there absolutely must be one ampere in the battery electrolyte. It's a closed-loop current. The circuit is completely closed and circular, and batteries always act like a zero-ohm short. But no intro book ever mentions this. Why? It's not because the explanation was written in stone centuries ago. It's probably because of Stephen J. Gould's "Creeping Fox Terrier Clone" effect, where teachers get all their information from earlier grade-school textbooks, rather than from basic science or from non-gradeschool adult classes in those topics. Then they write new textbooks; copying the old ones but with a few errors added. Over many decades the errors build up. (Besides "Fox-terrier clone," it's also called "The Game of Telephone.") So, if one textbook author from seventy years ago makes a mistake, that mistake will eventually appear in all future textbooks? Yep. It sounds impossible, but the forces creating and preserving the errors are just that strong. If one major textbook author in the distant past had never realized that current goes THROUGH batteries, if they instead believed that the positive terminal could store up a collection of hundreds of coulombs of electrons ...then all future teachers will make the same mistake. The wrong explanation will "infect" hundreds of future textbooks, and eventually the error will become built-in to English-language science education, and end up in any youtube educational video featuring circuits and batteries.