What is Quantum Tunneling, Exactly?
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In this video we explore the quantum phenomenon of quantum tunneling, where an electron can tunnel through a barrier no classical object could.
*Quantum Physics Playlist:
• Quantum Physics
Frustrated Total Internal Reflection Demo:
• Frustrated Total Inter...
Hi! I'm Jade. Subscribe to Up and Atom for new physics, math and computer science videos every two weeks!
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What is the Schrödinger Equation, Exactly?
• What is The Schrödinge...
The Intuition Behind the Uncertainty Principle
• The Heisenberg Uncerta...
*Sources:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
mmrc.caltech.edu/FTIR/Literatu...
tediousderivations.blogspot.co...
www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bds10/a...
mmrc.caltech.edu/FTIR/Literatu...
brilliant.org/wiki/quantum-tu...
Music
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@NotHPotter 5 жыл бұрын
The humility you bring to these videos where you're willing to ask for explanations and admit what isn't your forte is really inspiring and makes some pretty esoteric stuff a lot more approachable.
@willemvandebeek 5 жыл бұрын
Hear hear! :) I never heard of evanescent waves before, so I am very curious for the explanation as well (none in the comments so far :-/...).
@ChristopherCurtis 5 жыл бұрын
I can't say I understand this enough to explain it, but 3blue1brown has an excellent video correlating quantum tunneling (via the Uncertainty Principle / Unsharpness Relation) to a Fourier analysis. Whether true or not, it helps me make sense of that and the "infinite sharpness" required to make waves simply start, end, or turn 90 degrees without side effects. I believe this is also made more explicit in another video I can't readily find. kzfaq.info/get/bejne/g6ieobuTtLOZg2g.html
@devonbrockhaus6554 5 жыл бұрын
@brian' It would be fun if just once she was flippant and punctuated every explanation with "Duh!" 😂
@legendarylightyagamiimmanu1821 5 жыл бұрын
First of she can’t even explain the quantum mechanical humility copanhageng interpreters have
@DjonnyKrajkatoaSimataIrMsc 5 жыл бұрын
You bring quantum mech.. to a whole new poetic level
@Valdagast 5 жыл бұрын
Cats are inherently non-classical objects [1]. My cat can move through a closed cat door, but he never does so when I'm there observing him (he just meows for me to open the cat door). Is it possible that he has harnessed quantum tunneling? [1] Schrödinger, 1935
@qaziahmer7175 4 жыл бұрын
Lmao Im dying
@jovanastefanovic5482 4 жыл бұрын
xD
@meneldal 3 жыл бұрын
The tunneling is his wife wanting the cat to stop whining.
@punkkauz 3 жыл бұрын
Lol
@Neel-xb1ok 2 жыл бұрын
Cats are gods, they can manipulate the laws of physics The Egyptians were right
@TheGrooseIsLoose 5 жыл бұрын
“Unlike a ball, we can’t pinpoint exactly where an electron is.” Wow, balls must be really good at physics to be able to pinpoint exactly where an electron is.
@isaacchen6630 5 жыл бұрын
XD made my day!
@azdgariarada 5 жыл бұрын
Balls have Heisenberg compensators.
@pomtubes1205 5 жыл бұрын
Nothing But The Austin These balls break the laws of quantum mechanics. Wait, that sounds wrong...
@Blox117 5 жыл бұрын
what kind of balls? balls of steel?
@CamaradaArdi 5 жыл бұрын
Ah, the old quantum-a-roo
@jonathanowo7584 5 жыл бұрын
3:45 that got intense real quick
@ceriseauthor7155 5 жыл бұрын
I think quantum field theory might help with intuition. Instead of thinking in terms of particle vs wave you can view everything as disturbances in fields. This means that particle behavior arises from interacting perturbations in fields and the interactions of different “particles” or a complicated multiple perturbation event can create a field effect without the particle seeming to cross that distance. Really the move from thinking of particles and waves to considering fields was a huge moment for me!
@aaroncurtis8545 4 жыл бұрын
Yeah, but it leads to similar catastrophes as treating light like a wave... Then you gotta come up with new corrections...
@andy_o6133 2 жыл бұрын
You put water into a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend."
@benyahun 4 жыл бұрын
Video: evanscent My brain: wake me up! wake me up inside!
@TDawg0702 4 жыл бұрын
And I love how the definition of evanescent literally just describes the band. Lol
@Schatten2712 4 жыл бұрын
Omg I was not the only one then! nice haha
@abhiprakash74999 3 жыл бұрын
CAN'T WAKE UP !!!!!!!
@JoeHynes284 3 жыл бұрын
thank you!!!
@K-A5 3 жыл бұрын
Saaaave meeeeehhh!
@doougle 5 жыл бұрын
Pleased to meet you. Welcome to the Tom Scott Effect!
@ditzfough 5 жыл бұрын
Im here from tom scott........
@BoredInNW6 5 жыл бұрын
I too tunnelled here from Tom Scott
@jerushkadoesstuff189 5 жыл бұрын
I am from Scott as well
@arijitdas7526 4 жыл бұрын
lol.
@firapuroki4571 4 жыл бұрын
Hey thee
@YoungTheFish 5 жыл бұрын
That electron doesn't look very happy. Oh well, he's just being negative.
@johnshioli1499 5 жыл бұрын
YoungTheFish so does a positron see the potential well as half full, then?
@Blox117 5 жыл бұрын
John Shioli its an 'infinite' potential well, there is no "half full"
@Pekkhum 5 жыл бұрын
@Anzu Shiina Perhaps, but some infinities are bigger than others.There is an infinite quantity of whole numbers. There are half as many odd numbers, though there is an infinite quantity... kzfaq.info/get/bejne/m9Kmgr2elcqYeGQ.html Edit: series=quantity
@martiddy 5 жыл бұрын
@@Pekkhum Well, technically there are not infinities bigger in quantity, but there infinities of superior order (which contain numbers that other infinities does not).
@Pekkhum 5 жыл бұрын
@@martiddy Much more accurate. 🙂
@MrCardeso 5 жыл бұрын
So, there's a miniscule probability that some Quantum Mechanics concepts will tunnel into my ape brain? Too bad they are evanescent :(
@eaterdrinker000 5 жыл бұрын
I can't wake up
@JorgetePanete 5 жыл бұрын
@@eaterdrinker000 WAKE ME UP INSIDE
@eaterdrinker000 5 жыл бұрын
Now I'm having flashbacks to being drunk at raucous bars in 2003.
@marcusjaycebjorn6551 5 жыл бұрын
Somebody save me and wake me up because I can't wake up, save me
@Damian-uj2qe 5 жыл бұрын
get closer to the computer
@paulmorphy6187 5 жыл бұрын
I think I suffer from 'frustrated total internal reflection'...
@_BangDroid_ 4 жыл бұрын
Ditto. Maybe a change to our boundary might help with some refraction
@thatellipsisguy8984 3 жыл бұрын
Me trying to meditate...
@omkargaikwad4363 5 жыл бұрын
It was harder for me to pretend the pencil was a straw then understand Quantum Tunneling
@solsystem1342 5 жыл бұрын
fortunately I don't have that problem since I just assume they are both cylinders with zero radius and infinite length. The perks of being a physicist...
@Cyberplayer5 5 жыл бұрын
@@solsystem1342 that straw with zero radius would make drinking really suck....XD
@skylardeslypere9909 5 жыл бұрын
I also presume it was harder to understand basic English grammar???
@achyuththouta6957 4 жыл бұрын
@@solsystem1342" cylinder with zero radius and infinite length". Wouldn't that just be a line?
@solsystem1342 4 жыл бұрын
@@achyuththouta6957 Seriously though for a moment, not necessarily. It could also approximate a cylinder with a very small radius and large height in some situations. Such as trying to find the electric field inside a cavity.
@davburns 5 жыл бұрын
I've often heard that quantum tunneling 'sometimes happens' when the energy potentials make it possible, but not about the evanescent wave function. I'm very glad to have learned something today. Thank you so much for taking it a couple steps beyond what is so often repeated, while keeping the math accessible to non-physicists.
@qmgthequantummechanicsguy5371 3 жыл бұрын
Great! Here is a recent experiment with an interpretation: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rZaWqNubzduoaZs.html
@sheriemarie3218 5 жыл бұрын
I love your honesty and references to previous videos, it shows you analyse past experiences, take on board feedback and aim to create a more efficient future with more understanding examples 😊
@iloveplasticbottles 4 жыл бұрын
This is the best hidden gem of a channel I've ever found:)
@freshoutofcrabs 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this. I've never encountered a description of quantum tunneling that made the remotest bit of sense to me. This gave me what I can comfortably say is a vague understanding, which, considering it's quantum physics, is high praise :)
@zachstar 5 жыл бұрын
Just here to watch the video and see if this channel is at a million subs yet. No...alright will check back next week.
@minhtri2398 5 жыл бұрын
omg majorprep, your comment actually made me to check if your channel is millions sub yet, hahah. Great job both of you
@TheSassi14 3 жыл бұрын
Still only a quarter million...
@alemurillo2621 3 жыл бұрын
Been a year bruv
@phenomenalphysics3548 3 жыл бұрын
Yes! This channel deserves a million
@danielcadwell9812 3 жыл бұрын
Looks like you're going to be checking back for a long time yet.
@SoumilSahu 5 жыл бұрын
I love your videos. That's it. That's all I have to say. I can't think of any compliments that do this video justice.
@lidarman2 5 жыл бұрын
Hi Jade. You alluded the continuity of evanescent waves at around 5:49. Fundamentally in nature, there are really no abrupt changes at things with boundaries--it's exactly what you are explaining when you described non-infinite potential wells. You have to have a matched boundary condition and the natural way that happens with optical materials is to have an exponential fall off. I think you can look at it as a photon having a physical extent in that is has a spatial wavefunction associated with its position. As the photon approaches the boundary in the glass, the wave function of its position crosses the boundary and extends outside the boundary. The shorter the wavelength of the photon, the more confined it's likely position is and the faster the evanescence wave (field) strength falls off on the other side of the boundary--the wave number gets larger with photon energy causing the field to fall off faster. Thanks for making videos on this stuff.
@kittenhero568 5 жыл бұрын
Actually, there are no laws that forbids discontinuity, and they do occur in nature, for EM wave propagation in particular, even though E and H are continuous across boundaries, D and B can be discontinuous. Discontinuity is particularly prominent in phase transition and quantum mechanical phenomena like the photo-electric effect and laser pumping, where there's a threshold on the input parameters which triggers a different behaviour once it is crossed.
@kwer9447 5 жыл бұрын
I'm not a physicist but a mathematician, so I'm curious about this. How can B possibly be discontinuous if you need to be able to take its gradient, curl and time derivative in order to even formulate Maxwell's equations?
@kittenhero568 5 жыл бұрын
Time derivative isn't really a problem since the discontinuity is only spatial. For the gradient, well, the component of B perpendicular to the surface actually has to be continuous, while the parallel component doesn't have to be, okay, so you might still not be able to take the gradient, but we're physicists, and we're allowed to just switch to the integral form when we want, and you can take the limit as the surface of the integral approaches 0 if you want to be all rigorous. For the curl, well, Maxwell's equation is written in terms of the curl of H rather than B actually (except for non-magnetic material where B = H) so it's fine there as well. Although, formally we consider the perpendicular and parallel components separately and take the limits as the line integral shrink rather than explicitly taking the derivative at the boundary. If you don't like the whole limit thing, you could of course fiddle around with weird functions like the Dirac delta which is obviously discontinuous but is defined to have an integral and derivative. But that's a bit much for a youtube comment and a bit out of my comfort zone tbh. I guess I have to correct myself, I misremembered before but technically all of E,D,B,H can all be discontinuous. However, Maxwell's equations do force certain components to be continuous across the boundary.
@kwer9447 5 жыл бұрын
Cool, thank you for taking the time to type out such a detailed answer. I was suspecting that it would be something along the lines of switching to integral form or working with distributions, which don't have to be functions at all (such as the Dirac delta). Maybe at some point, I'll find the time to delve deeper into physics and will then remember your comment ;)
@kittenhero568 5 жыл бұрын
@Phanbichdanosaurmythicalbeast etc. etc. epic memes are appreciated by all
@nagyamato 5 жыл бұрын
You are so good at explaining sophisticated subjects...like your videos so much 👍👍👍
@warmCabin 3 жыл бұрын
Tunneling is also a term in game/physics engines which describes when collisions are missed because the simulated objects are too small and too fast. It's a result of simulating things in discrete timesteps (two objects might only be colliding for half a timestep), and I think it's named after quantum tunneling.
@jdtv50 Жыл бұрын
True..
@thequantummechanic8949 5 жыл бұрын
I may know why that drop of light occurs. Like when we throw a ball on floor it reflects. In this process it losses very little kinetic energy to floor . Thats why we feel vibration in floor during the process. Now imagine ball as a wave of force. This wave will reflect like a ball at a certain angle but very little wave will pass through floor. Now this may what is happening with light. When it reflects some of its energy or em wave passes through the surface . And thats why we may see a drop of light...
@nothingtodowithcoke 2 жыл бұрын
You beat me by 2 years
@rayj4722 4 жыл бұрын
I liked the surprise goodbye at the end made me jump! I’m hanging thru every word you say so that one was an unexpected surprise, fun
@lex33122 5 жыл бұрын
!!! You gave me an "ah-ha!" moment of my own! A few months ago I was researching equations of state, specifically SAFT. It basically models the molecular interactions between particles. I came across certain potentials and what not and it all made enough sense for me to at least conclude that the potentials affect the strength of interactions. Fast forward to today and here you are explaining what a potential well is and I'm like "OH MY GOD! THATS IT! THATS THE THING!!!!" You do amazing work. Keep it up and thank so much for that wonderful moment!
@Rums-AN 3 жыл бұрын
I love how enthusiastic you are explaining all this stuff to us 😊
@stephenpuryear 5 жыл бұрын
Jade these continue to be wonderful to watch. Clearly lots of people agree with me, which is reassuring. "Evanescence" is a good theme because according to (Stephen) Stigler's Law of Eponymy , "No scientific law is named after it's original discoverer." I believe that James Maxwell, while he was a genius, no doubt, left us with almost 20 Equations and that it was Oliver Heaviside who further transposed them into the 4 equations that now fit on so many t-shirts world wide. This video furthered my understanding about how transistors work for us. I love your stuff! Please keep it up!
@starlalala5006 5 жыл бұрын
“Isn’t that interesting?!” And I don’t even know what I’m looking at lol
@wrenwisp-wings3845 4 жыл бұрын
It wasn't until she circled the red trail that I realised I wasn't meant to be looking at the equation :D
@Guztav1337 4 жыл бұрын
Only way to solve that is to take a course at Uni.
@stellarfirefly 5 жыл бұрын
The e^(-x) function approaches but never reaches zero. Does this mean that quantum tunneling is always possible, but just increasingly improbable, for any non-infinite potential barrier?
@pauljackson3491 5 жыл бұрын
First, does QM applies to non-subatomic particles as well, like people? Second, does that mean there is a non-zero, though perhaps 10e-100, that I am actually at you house, which sounding from you name may be in Erupoe, er Europe?
@stellarfirefly 5 жыл бұрын
I suppose that if one is made of 10^25 particles or thereabouts then there is a reasonable chance that a handful of their particles have tunneled away from what one considers their body, for certain definitions of "reasonable". But the remainder will be at about where they are expected to be. I used to have a sign on my bedroom door that read, "This may be that one in a trillion chance that the atoms of your body align perfectly with those of this door, and you can walk right through it. Go ahead. Try it."
@marcusjaycebjorn6551 5 жыл бұрын
Yep you got it bud
@marcusjaycebjorn6551 5 жыл бұрын
@@stellarfirefly lol, the more they try, the more chances they'll find their tooth beyond that door😆
@mike4ty4 5 жыл бұрын
Yup!!!! It could, in theory, tunnel in an amazingly great distance, just be extremely unlikely to do so. E.g. if the barrier is 1 m thick, and the tunnel constant is about one per nanometre (just as a very rough for atomic scale), then since 1 m = 10^9 nm, you get tunnel probability on the order of e^(-10^9) ~ one shot in 10^434,294,481 - a number that is so large, at over 434 million digits - that simply writing down its _digits_ would fill many volumes, to find it tunneled in by that highly-macroscopic distance. That's _hundreds of millions_ of _orders of magnitude_ less likely than winning the lottery jackpot every single drawing for the rest of your entire life _and_ getting hit by a bolt of lightning every day _and_ surviving each and every strike _and_ randomly encountering every single last famous person on the planet every day _and_ going to beers with each and every one, all in the same lifetime. Indeed, it is so fantastically unlikely that we could say with extreme confidence - enough to bet all the money on the entire planet and it'd be a _very_ safe bet with no foolishness whatsoever - that an event of this probability has _never occurred once in the entire history of the known parts of the universe_ .
@MarcoPoloSanguinetti 3 жыл бұрын
Jade, you asked for an explanation to evanescent wave decay. A good example is to look at ocean waves. Near the surface a measurement of the hydrostatic pressure varies in proportion to the varying wave height above the point of measurement. As the point of measurement goes deeper that point is no longer merely affected by the wave directly above it but by the combined effect of waves to either side of vertical. Assuming the waves are sinusoidal the average effect upon the variation of hydrostatic pressure tends to diminish as the contribution of multiple peaks will tend to cancel the contribution of multiple troughs. There is also a diminishing effect as you get farther from the wave due to depth (I suspect proportional to 1/r where r is the distance to the wave). There is a formula which describes the variation in hydrostatic pressure due to the waves as a function of depth, and lo and behold just as in the case of the evanascent wave that variation decays exponentialy. I am a retired sonar engineer, and this problem came up in the course of my work.
@soulcatch 5 жыл бұрын
Some of questions. 1) does the energy of the particle in the wave function determine how long the evanescent wave will last? 2) If the energy of the particle does contribute to the duration of the evanescent wave, is there an upper limit to how long the evanescent wave can exist? 3) does the material that the evanescent wave travels thru effect the duration of the wave? for example can an electron tunnel thru 1mm of paper, but it couldn't make it thru 1mm of lead. (a millimeter is a huge distance for an electron, so assume I am smart enough to know the correct units of measurement ) 4) does the mass of the particle in the wave effect the length of the evanescent wave? Would a photon evanescent longer than an electron (all other things being equal)?
@thstroyur 5 жыл бұрын
1) & 2) This is the time- _independent_ problem - so no relevant notion of "lasting" here 3) Yes; in QM lango, we'd model the lead wall as a _higher_ barrier than that associated with the paper 4) Yes; the wavelength is inversely proportional to the (square root of) mass (but notice that, although related to the exponential decay term in the barrier, in that region that term is not actually a wavenumber k (k = 2*pi/wavelength) )
@00ryanm00 5 жыл бұрын
I have a more complete answer to 1 and 2. The wave function inside of the barrier is exponentially decaying. And this decay is directly proportional to the energy. The more energy the particle has, the greater probability it has to tunnel through the barrier. Of course, this is only for the case when the particles energy is less than that of the barrier. If this condition fails, then tunneling doesnt occur because the particle is free to easily overcome the barrier energy. Then the wavefunction is oscillating, not decaying. But this is unrelated to the time. If youre thinking at this high of a level, I challenge you to just look at the solutions. You should be able to understand it
@solsystem1342 5 жыл бұрын
the wave doesn't stop at any distance just like how the function e^(-x) approaches 0 but never quite reaches it. So a electron could travel through 10 km of solid rock it just has such a tiny chance it probably will not happen before the heat death of the universe
@abhishekchattopadhyay5068 5 жыл бұрын
I am a 1st year engineering student and I missed the lecture on wave function. But YOU came to my rescue and helped me in that . VERY VERY THANK YOU . 🎈🎉🎈🎉
@cazymike87 5 жыл бұрын
Because of the Wave function , quantum mecanichs is stuck for 100 years....Now people see the need more and more to just get rid of the wave function , like the ones that are interested in quantum gravity , or quantum information..... For me wave function is something that DOES work for things that are emergent.....when you go deeper, something else must replace the wave function.. Its the same like F=ma work... but for relativity not..... Everthing is emergent if you loock hard enough and every emergent thing has his own "wave function " --meaning the thing that describe the best....for the electron its the wave function....for the apple , planets , its F=ma... The next step after the wave function I believe that its information....
@abhishekchattopadhyay5068 5 жыл бұрын
@@cazymike87 ? What pls explain ?
@cazymike87 5 жыл бұрын
What wave function its for physycs now is what Newton gravitys was for Einstein back then.....something old, ineficent , that cant explain the whole picture.... There are many scientists that loock into this .... Try to search for your own on this matter. The wave function its not how Universe works !
@cazymike87 5 жыл бұрын
If you search quanrum computer then you will notice that the whole ideea its to just bypass the colapse of the wave function using something deeper : information. Outhers try to baypass the wave function using mathematical shapes .... There are many approaches for this subject. But its something that everyone knows by now : Wave function it is not fundamental.
@00ryanm00 5 жыл бұрын
@@cazymike87 what are you talking about? Name me a reputable physicist who is suggesting to get rid of the wavefunction. If you get rid of the wavefunction you completely throw out all of quantum mechanics. Moreover, quantum computing's foundation is the wavefunction and entanglement of quantum states.
@amiteshshrey7178 4 жыл бұрын
Your passion for the subject is commendable. Thanks for making me pass this semester :)
@davelongmore4643 2 жыл бұрын
watched alot of videos on KZfaq and this is the first one that explained in a way I could understand. Good work!
@someguy9046 5 жыл бұрын
A good way to Intuit quantum tunneling (for me anyway) is to imagine a wave (of water) breaking on rocks. Some of the water jumps the rocks and ends up on the other side. Wave mechanics is (for me) very intuitive if you visualize the waveform as a literal wave made of a fluid (the water analogy also works for GR and the warping of spacetime if you include bubbles in your visualization). Hope this helps in some way
@someguy9046 4 жыл бұрын
That's just details
@someguy9046 4 жыл бұрын
@Razvan J the indivisible particle (quanta) IS the wave, so of course it passes through entirely, that's the meaning of the word "indivisible" Also the details are in the mathematics. This is about a way of picturing the mathematical results in your head. Still gotta actually DO the maths
@someguy9046 4 жыл бұрын
@Razvan J that's your opinion and you're welcome to it. I shared the mental imagery that I personally use to make sense of the mathematics. If it doesn't work for you, then you're more than welcome to come up with your own mental imagery. However once you've done the maths a few thousand times the picture you have in your mind doesn't really matter anymore because it'll be replaced by the mathematical model and you'll gain a natural (mathematic) intuition for it.
@someguy9046 4 жыл бұрын
@Razvan J the wavefunction of an electron occurs in something called a Hilbert space. The modulus of the wavefunction squared gives you the probability density of the particle's physical location. Sometimes that probability distribution extends beyond the initial boundary conditions which are imposed on the equation, and therefore the probability that the electron will be found outside the boundary is non-zero. Using a macroscopic wave is the method by which my brain naturally puts all that information into a picture. That's all. Like I said the details are in the mathematics, and without the mathematics the entirety of quantum mechanics means exactly nothing.
@someguy9046 4 жыл бұрын
@Razvan J from textbooks and lectures, and I didn't HAVE to learn quantum mechanics, I chose to. The reason you have to do the maths a bunch of times is because it's the language of QM. Much like how you can't read a book until you have gone through the alphabet a bunch of times and know what all the letters are.
@Bellafroebel 5 жыл бұрын
Amazing vid!! Didn’t feel like a dumb ass the whole time, your kind vibe really puts me at ease and heck the content is cool. Nice one
@DarkNeutrino_R 5 жыл бұрын
Now this i call a good explanation ! I like that you included the equation into the video. It would be cool if you could do that with more videos.
@mateenjamal5606 4 жыл бұрын
Extremely helpful Please keep bringing stuff like this It's Really easy to understand the concepts from u.... Thank u
@papaluskask999 4 жыл бұрын
Best explanation I've seen so far, after 6 vids
@SlipUpWilly 5 жыл бұрын
At 3:30 I have a feeling there's a typo in the last of Maxwell's equations, Ampere's Law should be curl not divergence!
@Matthew-ti4vu 3 жыл бұрын
This video is so good! Was looking to understand quantum tunneling in the isotope effect and this helped alot!
@aakkhhiil Жыл бұрын
Lovely video. I have just started to work on Quantum Biological Electron Transfer and your video helped me to get some basics rights.
@noavanderhoorn2996 4 жыл бұрын
8:27 'I didn't really understand the schrodinger's equasion untill I solved it myself' YOU DID WHAT?
@alexp6013 4 жыл бұрын
It is solvable in easy cases, but even then it is quite hard
@TrimutiusToo 5 жыл бұрын
Well wave cannot drop to 0 and stay there because solution to wave equation is always an exponential one and exponential solutions never stay at 0, they either exhibit exponential decay towards 0, or behave like a sine wave and wiggle around 0 if you allow complex exponents, but it still means that it has zeroes but doesn't stay 0 as y=0 is a line, which is linear and not exponential solution, and wave equation doesn't have a linear solution...
@dips1188 5 жыл бұрын
Finally, an explanation of an effect I have to know most of my life but whose maths is too complex for my small brain to work out. Thank you.
@AgentOccam 5 жыл бұрын
I love the general background music on your videos. It's oddly relaxing.
@anujarora0 5 жыл бұрын
2:10 Who is the guy surfing on the wave function on a rainy day?? Because of quantum tunneling there is a limitation to how small transistors can get btw great video as always keep up the good work
@solsystem1342 5 жыл бұрын
ah correction, there is a limit to how small they can get and still be decently reliable
@NoorquackerInd 3 жыл бұрын
"Can you learn quantum mechanics without math?" " *B R I L L I A N T D O T O R G* "
@admiralhyperspace0015 5 жыл бұрын
What the?That's the best video so far on tunneling on youtube.Sorry for not subscribing and looking into your channel before.Nice job.Keep it up and never lose that smile and energy😊
@AlexHop1 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the clarification about the box which holds the electron being conceptualized as an infinite potential well--this is something that I've always wondered about and never saw explained before. At Minute 1:29, it's mentioned that the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle creates the lack of knowledge of the position of the electron prior to measurement. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle tells us that to the extent we know the velocity, we can't find the position. But the main reason we can't pinpoint the position is that, prior to measurement, the electron is in a superposition of all positions in the box, per the Schrodinger Equation.
@ketchup143 5 жыл бұрын
darn, i really thought u were going to talk about the "why" of the decay instead of just the "what". oh, and i looked at that box and thought of wyoming.
@pwnmeisterage 5 жыл бұрын
The "what" explanation seems to be introducing overcomplicated sophistications into a comparatively simple "why" mechanism. The particle could be treated as a wave which must either reflect or refract at the barrier. There is a point, a very precise (uncertain and irreducibly random) point, where both possibilities exist and the particle/wave could go either way ... and it must go forward, it can only go one way, it can't go both ways ... so it then exists in one discrete state or the other without ever travelling "between" them. Sometimes this means the particle/wave (or some probabilistic fraction of many particles/waves) will "tunnel" to the other side of the barrier.
@diamondwhite5208 5 жыл бұрын
Brain.exe is not responding
@anaclararachid8852 5 жыл бұрын
Hey Jade! I know you get a bajillion comments like this, but I've been meaing to to say for a while that i love your videos and that your channel is definitely one of my favorites. You do an exquisite job explaining complex subjects that I'd otherwise never understand. Thank you so much for doing what you do and keep up the good work!
@SilentWrath123 5 жыл бұрын
Really liked the video, the frustrated total internal reflection part really helped me with visualizing what is going on.
@SkillUp 4 жыл бұрын
Outer Wilds brought me here
@mael.1337 3 жыл бұрын
Didn't expect to see you here. Love your videos btw
@OverlordOfNerds 3 жыл бұрын
Never thought you liked this stuff too, nice!
@ferretappreciator 2 жыл бұрын
Outer wilds is one of THE best games in the history of ever
@electrikshock2950 5 жыл бұрын
Earliest boi , also hi Jade this could be a little but different than your usual videos but could you do something on what do you do after graduating with a physics degree
@additionaddict5524 5 жыл бұрын
go in a hole and cry because you're never going to use it
@Andy-tc2gt 5 жыл бұрын
@@additionaddict5524 go back to uni and study engineering. Nah but seriously I'm studying a dual degree of physics/engineering and on the physics side of things, naturally a big part of potential career prospects is working in academics. So, research/lecturing kinda stuff. Another option is teaching of some kind, high school physics/maths teaching is one. You could also try to get into industry as a statistician/data analyst/programmer/industry based physics researcher, even get into more economics/financial kinda stuff. You could also shift into more kinda engineering sides of things. But you'd most likely never be preferred over an actual engineering graduate (at least I wouldn't think so). So summarising, unless you work in academics, research or teaching, the jobs a physics degree will land, are mainly jobs that aren't completely physics based. This is just my experience in seeing graduates and might be different around the world
@biblicallyspeaking Жыл бұрын
You made this really fun to learn. Thanks for keeping your audience in mind
@Julie9009 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! Your video clearly explained a concept that I had never really been able to grasp. ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
@christianmarquez3143 5 жыл бұрын
Why is quantum tunneling essential to nuclear fusion in stars, spontaneous mutation in dna and scanning tunnel microscopy?
@ResandOuies 5 жыл бұрын
Don't know the other two, but stars need it since the nuclei in the stars usually don't have enough energy to get close enough to fuse. So they basically need to tunnel the last bit
@thstroyur 5 жыл бұрын
The DNA thing may be related with the fact protons can tunnel through enzymes; as for microscopy, fine-tuning of the potential barrier between an atom and the probe makes it so that when an electron tunnels through, it's read as a signal
@MagruderSpoots 5 жыл бұрын
ST microscopes have a very sharp needle that is brought to just above the surface of a material. Electrons can tunnel to the material from the needle causing a current. As the needle is scanned across the surface the magnitude of the current is kept constant by varying the distance between the needle and the surface. And that is how they know the shape of the surface.
@JimGiant 5 жыл бұрын
Could quantum tunnelling be explained by errors in the simulated universe's collision detection?
@yashkhurana9170 5 жыл бұрын
wow, i never thought of it that way. would love to know the answer.
@michaelwinter742 4 жыл бұрын
No, and we’ll now have to scrub you. Thanks for the extra work.
@arkoprovo1996 5 жыл бұрын
Loved It!! ♥ Also, about the question you asked, I'm not really sure, but here's my try - when a wave strikes a surface, some components ( the parts of an unpolarized wave that have a component perpendicular to the plane ) don't get reflected 100% & some of it passes through, making the evanescent waves. Like I know it's not a physical enough explanation, but it's really not imaginable in 2D I think.
@richtankone 5 жыл бұрын
You should do an example problem for each of these videos. They are so great, but it would take it to the next level, to see actual quantum physics problems worked through that aren't just a theoretical proof type problems. Basically giving actual boundaries, Energy states, and probability values. Keep up the great work!
@richiegrey5377 5 жыл бұрын
Quantum jumping with J A D E 👩🏫👸👊👋👏👍👌
@Jona69 5 жыл бұрын
Exponential decay never reaches 0 though.
@dezznutts1197 5 жыл бұрын
Jonathan Dirks as x approaches negative infinity it does.
@Pistabacsiable 4 жыл бұрын
@@dezznutts1197 "approaches"
@dezznutts1197 4 жыл бұрын
Attila do you actually understand what that means
@Pistabacsiable 4 жыл бұрын
@@dezznutts1197 I think so
@dezznutts1197 4 жыл бұрын
Attila I recommend to search it up. It’s called “limits”. It’s weird.
@elverman 5 жыл бұрын
You're great at explaining things! Thank you for making videos! :)
@priscillah6064 5 жыл бұрын
This video was just next-level for me. Brilliant, well done! :)
@wiggy1212 5 жыл бұрын
Hands up if Tom brought you here?:-)
@theultimatereductionist7592 5 жыл бұрын
Thumbed up for shamelessly admitting that you're not good at physical experiments. Neither am I. :(
@larrygraham3377 Жыл бұрын
Great video. The explanation of quantum tunneling is like reducing a fraction to its lowest terms. Wonderfully simple but yet elegant !!! 😺😺😺
@VideosbyUdgeet 5 жыл бұрын
Thanx for sharing this knowledge. I learnt 2 new things today viz. Evanescent wave and FTIR.
@victoragaba1783 3 жыл бұрын
I like your explanation! But if it's an infinitely thick-walled box, can it have an "outside" to begin with? I think the probability of it outside being zero is because there is no outside.
@sparky_murph Жыл бұрын
Thank you, for the time you put into teaching us these topics.
@PatricioHondagneuRoig 5 жыл бұрын
I just found this channel and I'm already subbed. I like your style :)
@Harrs2 4 жыл бұрын
I come from Tom Scott's channel. That video on knotss was HECKING AWESOME. It blew my mind! I can't wait to watch your videos on Quantumn, I'm actually in Quantumn 2 in my college course but sure a refresher is always nice!
@HarshSingh-eg6rv 5 жыл бұрын
Yaya keep talking , I love how you explain these complicated concepts so easily🤓🔥
@kinpatu 5 жыл бұрын
I work in optoelectronics for telecommunications. Very good video, especially the total internal reflection and exponential decay.
@marzatomika 5 жыл бұрын
This was a really great explanation. Thank you. New sub!
@jeffpeters2241 5 жыл бұрын
Years ago now, in our Quantum Mechanics Lab we did the tunneling experiment by reflecting a microwave beam within salt blocks ( more commonly used as nutritional supplements for cattle). We "shined" the microwave beam into a right angled rectangular prism and the evanescent wave would jump (tunnel ) the gap to an identical salt prism almost touching (gaped) at the hypotenuse. Thanks for doing Your videos.
@buckrogers5331 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks! It's something I needed to know to understand QM better.
@lowhanlindsey 5 жыл бұрын
Great video I learned so much!
@sukanya4498 2 жыл бұрын
Very Interesting explanation with all the animations !
@evileye1968 5 жыл бұрын
Very well explained, thank you so much!
@nathanoladimeji4997 Жыл бұрын
still cant believe how well you explained everything
@luischavesdev 5 жыл бұрын
Excluding the random extreme close-up, I genuinely think you are really starting to nail down the presentation in this videos. This chill and stripped down approach works really well, and btw, great video! ;)
@originalveghead 5 жыл бұрын
So well explained. Thank you.
@KhushiKumari-hz5wi 2 жыл бұрын
This was the most amazing explanation I've seen so far
@ProfRonconi 5 жыл бұрын
I've just discovered your channel. Subscribed immediatley. Thanks!
@siddheshsharma22945 9 ай бұрын
You are awesome . I am learning Quantum Physics in my Masters in Integrated Circuits and Systems here at IIT-Bombay in subject called Solid State Devices . While our professor did explain us for infinite potential well and the reason the electron cannot jump the barrier and be found on left or right 'top' sides of infinite potential well ( assuming infinite top is visible as is ) . Our professor then goes on to explain the E
@sujataroy3048 5 жыл бұрын
It's very great quantum tunneling!!! I really am eager to see some videos on highs boson..
@salmanzabha7428 5 жыл бұрын
just mind blowing vidoe... simple and easy to get this concept
@fbutt8377 5 жыл бұрын
@upandatom, you are doing a fantastic job... keep it up
@doubleirishdutchsandwich4740 4 жыл бұрын
I have been working on flash storage for the past 10 years and all of your solid state drives actually use quantum tunneling to store the bits!
@ayaankhan5624 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much...amazingly explained
@TheGamermouse 5 жыл бұрын
Perfectly understandable explained ❤️
@HYOKSU1 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you! I never get to understand that before this video. Keep it up👍👍👍
@moisesbessalle 5 жыл бұрын
amazing video! I think the evanescent wave could occur just because entropy must maximize by doing so and/or when calculating the path of least action (stationary action) of the light by deriving the Lagrangian. I think it happens this way in particular because no transfer of anything in nature (energy, information, mass, etc) is perfect, so I would expect some imperfection in that angle of perfect reflection as well (maybe also be uncertainty principle and that causes the imperfection and subsequent evanescent wave?). I have no idea but very fun and cool to speculate about
@NandishPatelV 2 жыл бұрын
First explanation of quantum tunnelling that makes sense. Thanks ! KeepSmiling 😊🌺
@poshmark9807 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making these!!
@phoule76 5 жыл бұрын
wonderful explanation. thank you!
@cubanmedic9511 15 сағат бұрын
You are awesome. You explain this the best way ive seen today. Thank you
@mrx5750 3 жыл бұрын
Nice explanation thanks very much for the video.
@wallacealbert2365 5 жыл бұрын
Your humbleness in this video is certainly one of the most beautiful things I've seen in a while. Can you please make a video about String Theory? It would be great. Greetings from Brazil. ❤️
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