What is Refractive Index?
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Refractive index is a measure of how much light is bent, or refracted, when it enters a medium from another. It is a dimensionless quantity that describes the speed of light in a particular material compared to its speed in a vacuum. The refractive index (n) of a substance is typically denoted by the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the material (v): n = c /v
The refractive index affects the angle at which light is bent as it passes through different materials. Higher refractive indices indicate slower light propagation in a medium, causing greater bending of light rays. Different substances have different refractive indices, and this property is often used in optics to design lenses, prisms, and other optical components.
The refractive index is also responsible for phenomena like dispersion, where different colors of light are bent by different amounts, leading to the separation of colors in a prism. The refractive index is an essential concept in optics and plays a crucial role in understanding how light interacts with various materials.
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