What is the solid state battery technology || Solid State Battery vs Lithium ion Battery in Hindi
The lithium battery sector is constantly evolving, with real research every day into developing increasingly high-performance, innovative technologies, which can guarantee greater range, power and ever shorter charging times.
Solid-state battery technology may seem like the final frontier of technology in this sense, a solution being finalised that has all the potential to become the future of electric mobility.
Listeners to Battery Weekly know this all too well, the live weekly programme on the Flash Battery LinkedIn and KZfaq channels, where every Monday at 6:00 pm, our experts, Marco Righi, Alan Pastorelli and Daniele Invernizzi review the latest news from the world of electrification and where the subject of solid-state batteries has become one of the hottest topics.
But when we talk about solid state, a variety of different factors come into play, with a series of great advantages but also many limits that are still being studied and, to date, are delaying its entry onto the market. Let’s clear things up.
A solid-state battery is essentially battery technology that uses a solid electrolyte instead of liquid electrolytes which are instead behind lithium-ion technology.
To be able to talk clearly about solid-state batteries, it is therefore important to take a step back and understand how lithium-ion batteries work in detail and their main differences compared with this new technology.
The structure of a solid-state battery
However, the internal structure of a solid-state cell is very different, as all its parts are solid. While in traditional lithium batteries, the electrolyte is a liquid, solid-state cells are formed of:
A cathode (or positive electrode), which can be made with the same compounds as a lithium-ion battery (eg. LFP, NMC, LMO, etc)
A separator, generally ceramic or solid polymer, which also works as the electrolyte
An anode made of lithium metal (pure lithium)
How does a solid-state battery work?
When the cell is charging, the lithium particles move from the cathode, through the structure of the atoms that form the separator, and then move in between the separator itself and the anode’s electrical contact, thus forming a solid layer of pure lithium. In this way, the anode will only be formed of lithium particles and will have a smaller volume than a lithium-ion technology anode, which contains the graphite structure
solid-state batteries promise many improvements over the current batteries on sale; in fact, solid electrolytes seem to offer greater energy density, a longer life and greater safety, all in a smaller size.
The key factor of safety
Solid-state batteries do not have a liquid electrolyte, which in lithium-ion batteries is one of the most challenging components in terms of safety, because it is volatile and therefore more flammable. Furthermore, this is replaced by a thicker separator layer formed of a material that is mechanically more resistant to high temperatures (because it has a ceramic composition with various additives); this makes the separation between the anode and cathode more reliable, so much so that it prevents short circuits, even in the event of misuse or deterioration, and therefore the intrinsic safety of the cells increases.
Record energy density
According to the latest studies, solid-state batteries have an energy density 2-2.5 times higher than current lithium-ion technology and this huge advantage would result in a lighter and smaller battery.
Ultra-fast charging times
The latest studies have shown that solid-state batteries are able to charge up to 6 times faster than the current technologies on sale.
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