Really gives you an idea of how complex computers are. It's insane how precise the manufacturing have to be to make all of this work.

Guys... in 1973 I went to work for Ross Perot @ Texas Instruments in North Dallas. My first job was in the electronic calculator manufacturing line and more specificlly I ran a machine which formed and cut each of the three leads attached to the transistors that were inserted into each calculator's printed circuit board (mother board). Unlike the microscopic transistors in this video our transistors were about the size of the tip of your little finger. The chip you see in this video would hold hold maybe two of the transistors we used then as opposed to the millions or billions that would fit today. That is called progress.

voice like butter. so soothing

wow just imagine a core i7 or xeon CPU

They are Floating gate MSOFETs (FGMOS). The gate is isolated from the circuit and acts as a floating node, so it can hold a charge (the data) for a long period of time.

thanks for subtitles :) i love reading and listening at same time

Thank you for this video. It took me back to when I was a Technician at IBM Research. I did the design verification on the CAD systems and then once the wafers were made, I would saw the chips, mount it on a chip carrier and painstakingly wire bond it. I think we used silver wire because it was easier to ultra sonic bond to the aluminum pads. It was also more flexible to loop up so it can cross over another wire like a bridge without shorting.

Such an intricate piece of work in the minimalistic modern age! Micro chips are art-things in themselves. And not to forget, You are pretty good at this explaining stuff

"here's a simple example of a chip" "Uhmmmm, delicious"

potatoes chips

This is great. I loved your Discovery channel documentary approach with slight pauses and calm tonality :)

Wow.. it was so deep at the end "nice to still have a little control over some things"

Fantastic info. Super straightforward. Thanks!

Thanks very much, that means a lot to hear!

Thanks for the vid. I design PCBs daily and still watch videos like this to be amazed at what we have accomplished in the last 50 years. I am still young, so imagine what we will have when I tell stories to my grand children. Oh, and you have a nice narrator voice.

You're welcome - thanks for your appreciation!

I was searching, trying to figure out how microchips physically worked and I found your channel. I just blazed through all your content and I wish you'd make more! I love your style of video, too. Hope that you come back from your 4-year hiatus soon!

Loved this! Great to see it all under a microscope like this! You mentioned not being sure how the addressing system works... based on my limited understanding here's some more on that: The address pins are used to specify which MOSFETs (the type of transistor which makes up the memory) to connect to the IO pins by applying voltage to them, turning them 'on' or 'off', in order to define a binary address. That address is then connected to the IO pins of the chip via a series of logic gates between the pins and the MOSFETs making up the memory. This EPROM has 16 address pins, so an address would look something like this: 1001000000010000. Each of the possible 64,000 address combinations then corresponds to an 8 bit memory location made up of 8 tiny MOSFETs which can be 'on' or 'off'. So, in this case, we might find that address 1001000000010000 contains data 00101100.

Wow this video really helped me to grab the picture what exactly i’m learning in my semiconductor fabrication class. Thank you!

This is 9 years ago I wonder how it looks like now? Truly amazing

Thanks for making this video. I can't believe I haven't seen it before. You've helped me eventually understand these things to a small degree. 😀

your voice is so calm and relaxed. I love falling asleep listening to your videos didn't mean to sound creepy haha

I had no idea the insides were so small! Thank you for the infoormation!

we used this video in my school, great job...you made my GCSE computer science lesson more bearable

Thanks for showing, it's amazing how such a small piece of technology can create and lead to computerizing

Thumbs up for your humility and honesty at the end! A good teacher is a good student.

Great video. Thank you for this.

Ok Dan thanks a lot! I found it on Wikipédia....that's incredible ! Bravo for your nice vids!

Would be cool if you could just take it apart and look at it with that 800x

Man,every time when i can't sleep i play your video and i am sleeping like a baby :) you have nice voice :) By the way,great video

I lol'd at the chip joke. Thanks for making the video Dan

Of course! That makes sense. I'm sure I must have known that at some time in the past. Thanks awfully!

Superb, GOOD JOB! Thank you very much indeed :) I *completely* agree with your observation about how sterile the convenience of integration is, it's such a pity. God bless you.

this is an EPROM from an early GM OBD1. or at least the same part, if that's not what it was pulled from. The remarkable part is that this chip is roughly 40 years old. Modern day computer processors are one of mankinds most incredible feats. So incredible infact when you watch production videos, they have trouble explaining it

finally after many many years of curiosity,, today i came to see something practical and understanding ,,,, thank you so much man i wish if i could see it more clearly and deeply

One of the best narrated and informative videos out there. And LOL on the tangent joke.

Not 1 minutes in, already subscribed :D

Usually we use Alloyed aluminum or pure gold as bonding wire material, not Silver. Because according to my knowledge, Silver can NOT establish firm connection. Nowadays copper is also used because it's cheap than gold and lower resistance than aluminum. But using copper require special manufacturing process.

Thanks a lot for creating such a superb informative video with large magnificaction through microscope 🤗 I highly thankful to you b,coz I never seen inside a microchip upto now but it's your effort that provided me such an opportunity 😁 Thanks again n again 🙏🙏🙏

Thanks for taking the time to show us this, always been amazed with semi-conductors

You look at the electrical connections on a circuit board and you think, "Wow, that's small! That's amazing!" And then you look inside a microchip.

Thank you very much man! Excellent video! Which kind of microscope do u have? I mean the brand and everything.

I subbed! Keep making these awesome electrical and computer videos.

The way you narrate really made me remember when I was reading Brave New World...

Very informative.

I feel like I’m not worthy to know this

its lit but i fell asleep, ur voice is so soothing.

simply amazing designing in micro scale

great info , but the focus made my eye 10 years older :P

thank you

I liked the video bro Good Job

Wow Dan, this is such a professional and entertaining video I honestly thought you uploaded it today. You should upload more :D

The tangent joke got me.

AHAHAHAHA!!!!!! A CHIP!!!!!! GET IT????!!!! A CHIP!!!!!!!!

People who are able to make microchip are truly genuine

Thank you for this video! learnt a lot!

I've always wondered how precisely has to be the printer (?) that designs and prints every single transistor. Ok, I might be incorrect; but how do they even get to make those microscopic plaques to be so perfect?

The reason why they are able to use less pins per transistors, is simply because they have multiplexer circuits inside them to address which transistor (or memory address) the data goes to

somehow, this video has been etched into my memory and brain i can recall images from it when I think about microchips, lol amazing video

Great stuff thank u for this video!

I want you to tell me a bedtime story every night to cure this insomnia.

If it can be erased and rewritten why do they call it ROM?

Nice !!!! Thank you very much its my FIRST time fully understanding what IC's really are

I just wanted to say... THANK YOU! I could listen to you describing this amazing thing for hours! It almost look like a very weird and futuristic city... Did you ever see the movie Tron? lol :)

You lost me at microchips

I read somewhere that there are ICs that can be used to control atomic reactors. I believe they are called 'Fission Chips' . . .

thank you Dan, we used 27C128 & -512 for expanding some UHF transcievers, it's good to know how fare tech' has come

Always wanted to know this! Thanksss!

Well, you are making it sound like the transistors hold the memory and the data of the chip. This, however, is only partially correct. It's not just any transistor, it's a MOSFET. The MOSFET works a bit like a transistor, only that it depletes a bit differently. Getting a voltage towards the gate of those micro MOSFETS will cause a shift in the p-type layer of the MOSFET, causing electrons to be able to tunnel through from source to drain. Aka: A bit was written. If you apply a negative voltage to the gate, the p-type layer between the n-types will stop passing charges, thus resulting in a blockage between the n-type layers. This is a free bit.

Nice video Dan, FYI the lines are held on by a process called wire-bonding, its kinda like ultra sonic friction welding.

i've never seen things in ICs though i am an electronic engineer,,amazing!!

Good video, thanks!

Did you really need to eat into the mic???

Smoke is what makes a chip work. The chip goes bad when smoke leaks out.

Come back man! Completely new watcher and sub and it breaks my heart I wont be seeing anymore of these and the electronic overloading :c

"Thinking nonsense." I just discovered that I think nonsense too. 😂😂😂

OK well not that I completely understand but from what I'm hearing the transfer of info is simply opening and closing doors(transistors) to designate a 1 or 0. ok that's simple enough but if stored in stackable layers and there is only 1 connection point for thousands or more of transistors how in the world does it know to open door 10,303 and then door 701 etc to get said answer requested from input. 2nd question is if we are capable of this then why are circuit boards so large and why haven't all the components been shrunk to atomic lvl as the chip has? sorry this one is a little over my pay grade and not quite got a layman's answer that I can digest!

That's a french fry you silly goose :D

thanks - very interesting and informative

The part of the video were you held that eprom across 3 fingers at an angle made me remember in spring 1991 I was adjusting a pick and place automated robot arm. The machine was turned off and a sign on the power lever stating DO NOT TOUCH was place also at the breaker panel as we always did for safety. A employee who did not read English or French or Spanish nor the Icon with a lighting bolt hitting a person as a universal language turn the thing on in both places. The machine drove that same Eprom deep into my fingers in same angle you had yours sitting. in two areas the legs went clear through. The Doc in the ER asked if he could have it after he removed it to add to collection in one room of stuff removed from all kinds of items from all parts of body areas. I went back there to take my kid for a posible brock arm and that chip and other items were still there.

we have the same microscope :D

the noise you eating that chip, that was pretty grouse.

Couldn't agree more on your single component opinion! Great video. Thanks!

wow! This is a great video! I love your commentary in the last few minutes. This is the best electronics video I've seen in a while.

I had to find 1000 brown M&Ms to fill a brandy glass or Ozzy wouldn't go on stage that night.

hi all. i am going to write easy version for you to understand. codes present the language. language as every other. how to store the information? simple black and white. white is one bit info for example. or light is on. to understand what transistor do, u must understand the electricity. battery for example is just 2 metal plates with different electric polarization. what happens inside electrical circuit? electrons wants to jump or flow from one plate to another. humans come to idea to make electron pipes. so electron flows normally inside the pipes, but some transistors are set like switch. that is the catch! with turning on and of light u can write the code. how to memories the switch position? to understand this process u need to understand the chemistry. basically it is all about electron barriers. inside there are pools full of the electrons and the idea is to make them flow from one pool to another. in memory effect for example electron pool is empty and electrons can not jump to second pool. I hope it helps. by dt

Thanks alot it was really helpful.

Nice video... want to see more like these...

All Microchips need windows Edit: NOT THE OPERATING SYSTEM

i thought gold conducted electricity better than silver

god this just amazes me. im about to devote my life over the next 6months to learn and understand computer technology. shits insane

Nice video, Very well explained for the beginners.

You called it a chip but it was clearly a fry.

Thank You for the EPROM...

That was one of the most elegant disclaimers (at the end) that I have ever heard... LOL :D

Awesome man!!!

Nice content , continue

Very great Info-video. Please make more.

I liked your words that its nice to have a little control over somthing

thankyou for the video hope to see more with stronger microscope