476,000-Year-Old Wooden Structure Unearthed in Zambia Read this article!!!

As someone who struggles with anxiety, it was amazing listening to you read that cuneiform record of someone suffering chronic anxiety all those thousands of years ago. The human condition really is universal. As Stefan said - anyone struggling, with anxiety or other emotions, reach out to Better Help, or wherever you can in your community. Love

If you want to pay a company that has no regard for you or the law, throw it at these horrible excuses of people who ignored that HIPAA even exists. They're scum, and I can't believe you're shilling for them. You don't have to believe me. Read the FTC report

You even make the advertisement interesting. Hope they pay you double for that 😀

Please be aware that betterhelp sells your data.

and accusing you of fraud! preposterous!

He was in the barley mafia!

Neolithic war collab? 😂

I would feel honored if people were still talking about my accounting mistakes 5,000 years from now.

He should have used cuneisoft excel

So true! You never know when you might become useful. Even if it's thousands of years later.

Everything started with beer.

Basically the Larry of his day (the Pokémon players will know)

No… not really

Gigamesh and Sargon are certainly way more famous. And Gilgamesh is likely older than kushim's time period. Also, kushim's name was just found inscribed. He is certainly not "remembered", and in all likelyhood will not be.

"I gotta go, I left my clay tablets in the oven"

Keeping 2 sets of books would be a lot more onerous.

​@@trishrandall5031tworous*

Filing clay tablets must have been a nightmare. Imagine you're looking for a document in a stack of these 😅

We live 🌹 we love 💜 we lie 🥀

Your not alone. It makes me feel like religion was created as a tool to help ppl accept the this. Damn it. Your comment put that thought in my head now.

​@@wad3y.Some fella born in Bethlehem breaking that cycle forever like a chad

That kinda loneliness is a special brand of feelsbad. Try remembering the phrase "there's nothing new under the sun" next time you feel that way. Helps me, might help you. All the best.

We verbalize fear of death. It’s not new, hence the creation of religions. It’s a coping mechanism.

I loved seeing the first researcher's cuneiform forearm tattoo, then just burst out laughing when the next interview started the same way with a hieroglyph forearm tattoo! Just perfect.

I came to the comment section looking for this. I laughed so hard when Raven showed her hieroglyphics tattoo, the comedic timing was impeccable. On the other hand as a bronze age female researcher myself with a linear B tattoo project in the works I feel called out

They must know each other.

@@srhthrd *Looks at own forearm with Ancient Greek on it* *Looks at copy of Xenophon's collected works* yep, we all do this haha.

​@@TheRealFeechLaMannaWow dude you got the whole squad laughing. Why did you have to ruin an innocent joke by revealing your shitty political views 😐

Ah, translating a cuneiform tablet. A you do...

Oops. I meant as you do...

(​psst. Psssstt..! Hit those little dots. One of them is 'Edit',@@frogpalpeeper4249. 😉)

so was it sloppy? because govt is precise right to the end

@@johnmiller8975 I wouldn’t say it was sloppy, it just looked like they were in a hurry

5000 years is not that long ago historically. Humans have been around for 200,000. And dinosaurs lived for 200 million.

@@nboss968 True, but a lot has changed in that 5000 years. I imagine a human from 10,000 years ago and a human from 30,000 years ago wouldn’t have massive differences. But imagine the shock a human from just 500 years ago would have if they found themselves in 2024.

@@JeantheSecond-ip7qm technology has progressed at a shocking rate. It took humans about 1 million years to develop the spear, but microchip technology was created in a generation.

@@nboss968exponentially 🤓

What killed me was (He doesn't have forearm tattoos)

What is it with this compulsion for archeologist women to get their particularly field of study tattooed on their forearm? 🤨

@@SirAntoniousBlock women ☕

@@SirAntoniousBlock its a field of study that has historically been at least somewhat difficult for women to get into so any woman you see in a video like this who’s an established person in the field is probably REALLY into it and thus more likely to get a tattoo & the forearm is a good size to fit a phrase you like

@@nckojita I just thought it was humorously coincidental that both women had inscriptions in their fields of study in the exact same place, I don't understand the compulsion so I thought it must've been some sort of in joke.

"uhhh about the missing rations, i can explain"

Spoilage. It was the fault of he who has no name.

An accountant, a bureaucrat. Not much unlike my family.

@@juanjuri6127 “and no I don’t have an illegal side hustle”

a bookkeeper :)

@@ConontheBinarianMe too.

And written history is likely 1% of modern human history

That's actually mind-blowing.

@@ConontheBinarian But as time goes on, written history gets longer. The longer you live the longer written history will be.

The internet really made things so fast. So much of human history is without any technological devices and it was mostly just writing and reading

I wonder what they would have called it, since arithmetic comes from Greek (I think?) and they wouldn't show up for around 2000 years after Kushim

@@Aiel-Necromancer I worded it badly, I meant how they would have referred to it since our word arithmetic has its roots in (old) Greek. They for sure had a concept for mathematics and numbers if they managed to keep track of numbers, quantities and even recorded their "mistakes" lol

​@@DerGeraet205they got everything from Egypt. All of the first Greek historians said this. Even this video takes away what they actually say. Things are a guess if one doesn't accept other answers. Math would absolutely begin with the trading of anything. All sales would have a receipt. Eventually all would...😂 My bad.

Interesting thought. Occam's razor might be they'd collect the oldest stuff they could find that was clearly of another era if not another culture. I'd imagine later Bronze Agers, so when bronze is widespread and general purpose, would for example consider pre-metal tools, etc. curious. Pottery is less regional and has a longer history, but it tends to break a lot. "The ancients of the ancients are just super ancient... duh" is a bit boring, so for me then it's how their culture might view artefacts as such or the entire concept of a museum. I mean, if Mesopotamians believed their temples were the house of their city's patron deity and acted accordingly, though it's all relative, that's pretty symbolic. We sometimes still refer to churches as houses of God, but that's not really taken literally or ritualistic. Makes you wonder what something like a museum would mean to them, how they'd see it, act towards it... a sort of home for their ancestors? and would adding new items to a collection call for some ritual? Anyway, thanks for sharing.

​@@WK-47 about "House of God" not being literal anymore, it has to do with faith: Bronze Age polytheism generally considered gods to be INSIDE the idols, physically. It's a major important factor in understanding why Babylon removing people's idols was so devastating. There lies the main difference with Abrahamic monotheism: it's not only the faith in one God (hence capital G) vs many gods (as a species), but also the belief that God is everywhere, while gods were believed to exist inside stone or wooden idols. One of main roasts of pagans in the Bible goes about how a polytheist went to cut a wood, cooked food on part of it, and made another part of the same piece into what someone considers a god. Even the Jewish Holier of Holies was an empty room, which disappointed Roman temple robbers. They assumed everyone's gods are physical statues or carvings, not heavenly beings.

A museum need not be of ancient artifacts.

Great point! Thank you

Fascinating.

I actually used to know someone named Nisa. It was short for something longer, but she did use it as her name. I also like Kushim, though I've never heard of it being used in recent times.

Wheel of Time series plays with older sounding names

The first 2 names isnt convincing me that these are those names at all

*Lugals 💀

Hey!!! He wrote government contracts. 😅

“Some guy who rang food coupons” LMAOOOOOO

Yeah very fascinating

Don't use a 3D printer.

Tomb stones nowadays aren't durable enough, and they're often not engraved. I've been seeing a lot of printed plaques. Just go for a visit on a local old cemetery, graves from a mere 100 years ago have begun to, or have faded enough that the name is unreadable. I might have my plaque 3D printed with engraving, plastic will probably stick around long enough XD

@@flamethrow868 it’s different in different places I think. Where I’m from in the UK they are mostly still engraved stone. And it depends on the kind of stone I think. I see some that are like 50 years old and they’re flaking off and you can barely read them. But you get others that are 300 years old and they’re crystal clear. I need to look into the difference. Also, the ones that will last are probably ones that will fall into disrepair and get buried so they’re not exposed to the elements. The ones that are out it the wind and rain and ice and chemical air pollutants etc will probably degrade

@@willmosse3684 That actually makes a lot of sense

@@willmosse3684Also depends a lot on the stone. Some places have limestone or marble as the most popular headstones, because of availability or aesthetics but limestone and marble are not great at weathering the elements, some others are much better.

@@IONATVS yeah, I thought it would be something like that, thanks. So what’s good for lasting? Granite?

Yeah, I think I recall back in my college Egyptology how there are whole centuries just missing from Egyptian history. Like there could've been tremendously influential kings, wars, or events going on and we simply haven't a clue because once they eventually lost power the next dynasty decided to erase them from history.

Right? It's a trip tbh

The sheer amount of people who know his name because of the internet alone is beyond anything those kings could have imagined, and it was all because of ancient one star yelp reviews

Yea no kidding. And all the names we’ll never know. About 10 years ago they found an 117,000 year old fossil of a 12 year old boy in a Moroccan cave. I wonder what his name was, what his dreams were, what he liked to do, what games he liked to play, if he had any siblings… It saddens me that he died so young and when I think about that I think about his parents. What were their names you know? We have these stone tablets with early names on it but there were thousands upon thousands of years of *homo sapien* history before those stone tablets that we will simply never know.

All time is fleeting

People will look back on this era and have the same thoughts about us thousands of years from now. Don’t really have a word to describe how that makes me feel

It was a brutal and barbaric age. I think about the people they killed. Man what a time to be alive.

The

That's just what happens when society essentializes people to their social function. Terminal stage alienation.

Tattoos aren’t wholesome

​@@Iz0penyeah we should ban them because I don't like them!

Tattooing is an ancient practice found in cultures and societies from all over the world for various reasons, to show status, power, and sometimes for religious or spiritual significance. Itzi the Ice Man (Bronze Age central Europe) had tattoos, the Maori warriors of New Zealand tattooed patterns on their faces, and the Yakuza crime organizations of Japan tattooed their torsos. I like looking at tattoos myself, but I don't have any. It is a personal preference. They're not going away anytime soon. Banning them would be pointless. Remember what happened during Prohibition?

​@@Ezullof😮

And so handsome

Totally agree, but bring back the spoon!

I'm kind of the opposite. I kind of liked the shaggy unprofessionality of some of the older videos :)

@@manzell Having spent most of my life in Portland, I enjoyed watching his rambles and identifying exactly where he was from the edge of a park, or from a business sign in the background, etc. I do think that was all fun, but I don't mind the increase in production values either. In particular travelling to relevant locations in the PNW is amazing when he can do that. I guess we'll just have to hold out hope that we can convince him to do bonus videos once every few months that capture that original spirit.

And the current cultural references always make me smile.

@Greksallad. Being forgotten feels awful.

It's a language isolate cuz we didn't know what others were speaking 💀💀💀 but many languages erupted with similarities once they developed writing and no one is to say they didn't branch from other non written languages

@@alexandrahenderson4368 I always wondered if a person travelled from one civilization to another, how do you communicate with another group without a translation guide or a literal translator. How did the Indians trade with Sumerians without knowing their language.

@@martinvanburen4578 sign language and interpreters someone skilled in learning other languages or raised with both like Pocahontas did...

Sumer and Egypt were the left overs from a earlier civilization

@@jybrokenhearted what is the name of that earlier civilization?

Ouu, you make me blush

I always wondered whose work was this. It's amazing, brings history to life so well.

@@ettore_mazza wait that artist was you?

His art keeps popping up in half the history videos I watch. Man has the market cornered

I've got native paintings around my families land and made a video showing it if you wanna see

Same sky, different animals! Oh, to have seen a cave bear or wooly rhino…

@@missourimongoose8858We’d like to see that.

Ellen - well said!

all kings, even into modern day change their name when they ascend the throne

absolutely ... if I was a king and I got everybody to go along with calling me Fierce Catfish, of course I'd pick a few more names as well I say there's no way he only had those 2 names

We are still not really certain they are the same people though. A sources for that is some New kingdom inscriptions and a pottery shard Flinders Petri found that might have Narmer's catfish on it, but it might be something else too. Menes could just as well be Narmer's father or even some kind of weird title that got misinterpreted later. It is a good theory but it isn't a proven one, and the Narmer palette does not mention "Menes" which one would expect if he had both those names. That of course doesn't prove anything either so we can't really do more then label it as a "maybe". I do think it is pretty likely that "Narmer" was his personal name though, we do see it next to depictions of him from the time which makes that rather likely. It isn't like Charles would just had "King" written on a coin without his name after all, but he could just have "Charles" on it when he wears a crown. That is also not 100% since I am applying modern logic to something 5000 years ago though which is a bit dangerous. If they are the same person, I think the likeliest is that "Narmer" was his personal name and "Menes" his "Serekh" name but I am not convinced that is the case here. If Menes was his dad that would also explain why both names was written on that pottery if indeed Narmer was written there. I hope some new find pops up that bring some light on this (heck, if Menes was an upper Egypt king that wasn't Narmer we might stumble on his grave which would solve the entire thing, we are still missing a lot of Egyptian royal tombs after all so it is certainly plausible).

@@loke6664 We also have to bear in mind that Narmar existed in the Pre-Dynastic Period, and Seti I in the 19th Dynasty, meaning a roughly 2000 year difference between them, that Seti did not record a 'Narmar', and that in Narmar's time many of the conventions of Egyptian royalty weren't well-established yet. If 'Narmar' is a personal name, then it's written in a Serekh, which would normally be reserved for a Serekh name. Besides of which, you don't 'prove' theories, you evidence them. The evidence in this case is tentative, but the potsherd seals appear to show the names 'Narmar' and 'Manij' in conjunction with each other, indicating likely that they are the same person.

@@TheRealFeechLaManna Complicated, but based on evidence from Coptic and Demotic, as well as hieroglyphic Egyptian spelling alternations and Egyptian words written in other languages.

Well said, and true.

Couldn't agree more!

Exactly! That's why I freaking love this channel.

I thought you meant Miller initially

​@@amitisshahbanu5642reminds me of how, in parts of mexico, coca cola is easier to get than drinking water

@@cvspvr Just like in the film _idiocracy?_

It's the same beer originally made from millet. It's throughout Africa.

This is done in SẼ Asia. I’m familiar with this from the K’ho people in the central highlands of Vietnam. It’s a rice or maize ‘wine’ in a big clay jug drank communally with a long straw. Looks very similar.

Reminds me of Discworld …

@@Darkstar-se6wc I do hear a lot of people get reminded of One Piece when reading Discworld and vice versa, and I've heard Discworld has good comedy, so it's definitely on my to-read list which means I'm gonna read it anywhere between now and 8.7e100 years later.

The one piece is real

Very well said & a very enriching comment!

Precisely! I've been interested in history since I can remember myself, and for a moment during my elementary school I pondered becoming an archeologist. However, during the tumultuous 1990-s in the Baltics that seemed like a shortcut to perpetual poverty and I already had a taste of that, so I gave up on the idea. Several decades later it gives me immense joy that there are such people of Stefan who are able to speak about history with such infectious joy and enthusiasm. Not many of KZfaq historians are able to be so humane and relatable like Stefan. I'm addicted.

Why didn't he show the true images of the ancient Egyptians. Why did he show fake images of light skinned individuals that contradict the true images and statues.

imagine if you lived other lives :)

The biblical names like John Mark and Alexander have been around quite a long time as well

5000 years later and Nisa is the name of my local store.

@@sportspokerguy3506 except that wasn’t the original pronunciation of those names. Those are anglicized pronunciations

@@monicarenee7949 in the case of Alexander specifically, alexandros is pretty close as it has a Greek origin - I understand Ancient Greek is different than greek but in a similar way to the differences between old English and English - the pronunciations are different, but alexandros specifically would be recognizable even with the ancient spelling - and the question in the video had certain criteria like a contemporary work with the person’s name existing. I tend to think Kushim is most likely a name - but we aren’t 100% sure, we are 100% sure about Alexander (or alexandros if you prefer)

A preposition would be more like 'Regarding horus' or 'According to Horus', and in the case of this sign wouldn't typically be seen in a name, but rather at the beginning of a sentence. Also, I'm not sure how you're translating 'person (with)' from this. Could you perhaps explain that?

@@FactThis I was trying to create something that sounds more like a name in English. 'Regarding Horus' doesn't sound like much of a name, but researchers seemed to be using the pronunciation that connoted the prepositional r rather than the noun r. I realised later that they meant that they thought the name might be *jrj* hr and not r hr, which would mean 'Belonging to Horus', a fine Egyptian name.

@@therat1117 I think based on the hieroglyphs and it being a name, a prepositional r or jr is unlikely. But with the Egyptians regularly dropping weak consonants it's a guessing game anyway, particularly with Archaic Egyptian and Old Egyptian.

Thank you!

Not all heroes wear capes.

Hello I love anthology and am hoping to go into college with that as a major do you have any channel recs. Looking for more in depth lecture-y videos. Thank you for taking time to read this

@@cogandballI would definitely recommend Gutsick Gibbon and Dapper Dinosaur!

Not true history if you continue to perpetrate a lie.

I think that the city of Uruk was located in southern modern-day Iraq.

@@fleetskipper1810yes it is located near the modern city of Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. Last year, I was fortunate enough to visit Iraq and see ancient cities of Uruk and Ur. I stood atop the Ziggarut of Ur

Imagine being Finger Snail ☝️🐌

@@naranara1690 lmao, I actually went and tried to google for an Egyptian named finger snail after reading that

Did she end up doing that for a living?

Prayz The Lord

Nice work

Hang out with a higher class of potheads😂

I'd bet they thought the same of their society.

U might like north 02's videos also uncharted x has great ancient Egypt and other civilizations videos

Woah! You know Eric too?

The man, the myth, the legend: Eric

He owes me money

Do you know his grandson is Theo von

@@cropduster123 no dave was his boyfriend

Well said!!

"minimum wage employee" bro was a fucking bureuracrat