the degree of expressiveness you use in your voice not only makes the speech much more interesting, but also simplifies the understanding of the concepts! Really good!

Gravity is one of the simplest things to think about.. at first.. but if you keep thinking about it, it gets trippy!

Refreshing to watch science content that is human narrated and not TTS. Thanks!

You know what else has layers? Parfaits.

So, if I understand this right, the fundamental problem with emergence is that, as we zoom in on deeper layers, we can't observe enough of those deeper layers to give us enough information to discern how they translate to higher layers. I think that it's like the coastline paradox. The length of a coastline is almost infinite, depending on the resolution that you're measuring it at. The higher the resolution, the deeper you're going in its "layers." If you measure it from space, then you can see the entire thing easily, but if you were measuring it at an atomic level, it would be almost impossible to gather enough information to form a coastline at all. Increasing resolution without increasing total information gathered naturally decreases the area that we can gather information at. It seems to me that the issue with emergence is of that nature. Looking at clouds has an incredibly low resolution, but we get to see the motions of the entire cloud. Another way of looking at it, I'd say, is a little like Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. It's almost impossible to gather information at both a very high resolution and a very wide area. That's my hypothesis, anyway.

Personally gravity doesnt worry me much except when I go to get up.

14:46 "Black holes care more about surface area than the volume etc." maybe not so weird. There are analogous things down here, like the skin effect, the idea that current in a wire , or conductor, doesn't actually flow INSIDE the wire, but only on the very surface, and reason is actually pretty straight forward when you think about it. The metals atoms on the surface do not share their outer valence electrons in the same way as the ones INSIDE, the ones surrounded by other metal atoms, so the ones on the surface are "free" to be charge carriers. This new science of topology regarding materials has opened up whole new avenues in meta materials , magnetism, superconductors etc.. It is understandable from that perspective how the bulk volume of a black hole would be completely different in properties than the surface. People get the wrong idea of a "black hole" as being some infinitely dense endless thing it really isn't, all the mass is still there, it can't behave in a classical sense because all the electrons they're not there to behave like normal matter that can absorb a photon and re-emit it as light of some wavelength. And the gravity well isn't some infinite value, just a large one or a strongly curved region of space time, I doubt the universe has any examples of infinity, that's a human invention.

A superb explanation of difficult ideas. Easy to grasp, excellently narrated. Congratulations!

When you asked me if I had air around me, I choked on my shredded wheat 😂🤧

Ogres are like Onions. They have layers... What about Parfait?! 😂

emergent gravity is a great modification to standard ways of thinking gravity. I think there is a further change in notion of gravity that is possible and more compatible with the standard model.

One theory says time is an emergent property of entropy. Someone has to figure out how Time and gravity are both emergent properties and keep coming up as interrelated phenomena. It appears Eisenstein does not fully explain it as I understand it.

Please do a video on black hole thermodynamics! I absolutely loved this.

Awesome, I learned some stuff, and love the presentation in terms of science communication. If I requested one thing, it would be to eschew all of the video clips except for those that contribute directly to the content; there are a couple diagrams that I found fascinating, while I found that _not looking at_ the rest usually enhanced my focus on and understanding of the content. Perhaps it'd be neat to try: The nifty audio spectrum graphic, with any desired slides put up for at least 30 sec -- first full-screen and then on "a window in" the audio screen for a few moments until it finally disappears, for an easy to follow transition.

This is fascinating but does it math? Does gravity correspond to surfaces rather than volume? Has anyone done the equations?

Important factor in emergence is the measurement scale. Emergent property arise through applying different measurements. As you keep changing the measurement you will keep finding emergent properties. Reality is based on what you are able to measure not really a start and end scenario. Our "black" issue is more or less an emergent problem. The interesting question is at least to me is "What is emerging from us?" Consciousness, hate/love some emotional state of existence... here be dragons? :D

Eric Verlinde is Dutch and the e at the end of his name isn’t silent. You should please pronounce his name “Ver-lin-deh “

Thanks for another entertaining, educational, and detailed video! I always enjoy how you are willing to make longer videos in order to do justice to a topic. I recently saw an article about the Fourier Transform. It reminded me of this video. Is there any work being done on trying to apply a quantum version of the Fourier Transform to the idea of emergent gravity, similar to the way a song can be modeled as the combination of its component waves?

I really love the way you describe these theories in such a simple way that its easy to grasp! For I would love to nerd out with some theories iv made up on gravity for a story im writing and would love to hear the input of others regarding it! My idea goes that 1st Dimension - The Realm of Potentiality: In the first dimension, there exists a realm of pure potentiality, where particles dwell in a state of suspended motion. This dimension is devoid of light and sound, representing the raw building blocks of existence waiting to be shaped. 2nd Dimension - The Emergence of Time and Form: As matter begins to vibrate within the second dimension, time emerges, accompanied by the creation of sound waves. These vibrations interact with one another, giving rise to form and structure. Imagine particles waving to one another, signaling their presence and creating a sense of spatial arrangement. 3rd Dimension - Space and Pressure: The third dimension represents the realm of space, where matter takes on physical form and structure. It interacts with the fourth dimension, which exerts a pressure akin to an invisible force field. This pressure influences the arrangement and behavior of matter within the third dimension, shaping the landscapes and structures we perceive. 4th Dimension - The Dimension of Pressure and Life Force: Pressure from the fourth dimension permeates the third, influencing the dynamics of existence. Imagine the fourth dimension as a translucent quartz crystal, embodying the life force generated by the interactions of the dimensions. This pressure molds reality, influencing the creation and evolution of life forms within the third dimension. Interplay of Black Holes and White Holes: Black holes and white holes serve as portals between dimensions, facilitating the flow of matter and energy. Black holes absorb matter from the third dimension, while white holes release matter into the fourth dimension. This interplay creates a dynamic exchange, shaping the landscapes and realities of existence. Creation and Coexistence: Reality emerges from the interplay of dimensions and the flow of matter through black holes and white holes. Each dimension contributes to the fabric of existence, influencing the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets. Black holes and white holes create and sustain one another, forming a symbiotic relationship that drives the evolution of reality itself. In summary, the dimensions and their interplay with black holes and white holes form the foundation of existence, shaping the landscapes and life forms within the universe. The basic concept, for gravity is that the electrons are particles from the 4th influencing the 3rd, where if there is enough matter in one place in the 3rd the 4th can push them together creating the warp in space where matter attracts to one another. For a black hole is the point where the 4th is compressing the 3rd down and reaching the 2nd D at a point. Again im making this up so I can quantify what magic is and how it works in my story. I have so much more lore on how reality could work as well, for what black hole do is take the energy out of matter causing its time to stop and turn back to dark matter and no longer move for the energy goes back into the 4th. If anyone is interested i have so much more regarding these ideas as well as the 5th D where it exist outside the 4th but inside the 1st, for the reality simply turns in on itself. Thus from above the 4th you could look inside your reality and inside the 1st you would look out to hire realities! Sorry for the long comment, I've been writing this idea for the last 9 months and would love some feedback! Thank you kindly! 😅

Should have had waffles for breakfast, that would have been hilariously symbolic of his lecturing style. Some people might enjoy it, while others will be screaming at him to ‘get on with it’!! I’ll leave you to guess which camp I’m in! 😂

3:27 There is so much physics and quantum physics in modern chemistry, without it you couldn't even dream about having that level of understanding of chemical processes we have today.

Why gravity exists. Starting from Newton's second law of motion: F=m*a F - force vector [N] m - mass [kg] a - acceleration vector [m/s] However, introducing the concept of the Lorentz force taking into account only magnetic interactions: F=qv x B F - force vector [N] q - charge [C] v - velocity vector [m/s] x - vector product operation B - magnetic induction vector [B] If F=qv x B, then we can also write: F=q*v*sine(alpha)*B, where alpha is the angle between vectors v and B for alpha=90 degrees, sine(alpha)=1 F=q*v*B F/(q*v)=B comparing this equation to the second law of dynamics we have: m*a/(q*v)=B since a/v=1/t, then: m/(q*t)=B 1/t=omega (omega is circular frequency [1/s]) m*omega/q=B Substituting the calculated value of B into the Lorentz force, we have: F=q*v x m*omega/q Equating the Lorentz force to the force resulting from Newton's second law of dynamics, we get: m1*a=q*v x m2*omega/q Where: m1 - mass of the object subjected to gravity [kg] m2 - mass of the object generating gravity [kg] If the left side of the equation corresponds to gravitational interaction, then on the right side we have its cause. The cause of gravitational interactions is the translational and rotational motion of particles with mass and charge, and the proportionality coefficients of these two motions, with a constant acceleration value, are q and m/q. In the special case when the value of the angle between the velocity vector and the circular frequency pseudovector is equal to 90 degrees. We can write briefly: m1/m2*a=v*omega The cause of gravity is the translational and rotational motion of massive particles. Gravity exists because every massive particle in our world is in motion (this results from the laws of thermodynamics).

I hope that you continue to put out educational content. Your narration has something to it that I can not explain.. its like all the aspects of your presentation perfectly interact and speaking excellence simply emerges.

Translate the "Layers" into "Fractals" apply that into a repeating Log scale for eatch "layer" were all "emergent" properties are the result of the interactions of the "3D cymatics patterns". This is a teory i like to call "Field Perturbation Teory" were "ALL" can be scaled and explained with cymatic patterns deformations in Space/time. "The are no particles... only energy & vibration (amplitude, frequency & phase)." *Eletromagnetism and Charge: (concept) Nature of Charge: In the cymatic model, electric charge could be interpreted as a characteristic of the vibrational pattern of particles. Positive and negative charges might correspond to different modes or phases of these vibrations. Interaction: Just as waves can interfere constructively or destructively, charges might interact based on the phase alignment of their underlying frequency patterns. Opposite charges (positive and negative) could attract due to constructive interference at certain points, while like charges repel due to destructive interference. Scale: Fractal to the power of 1 (example = Very High frequency ( light speed) + Very low amplitude (mass) + Very Low Energy ) -Quantum superpossition can be explain doe to the fact that in the experiments we are only able to mesure one side of the sine wave. -Quarks: Each type of quark (up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom) could be associated with its unique frequency pattern. These frequencies could be related to the quark's mass (amplitude of the field pretrubation they cause) and charge (energy volume), dictating their behavior and interactions. Fractal to the power of 2 = Very High frequency (speed) + low amplitude (mass) + Low Energy -Protons and neutrons are made up of three quarks. In this theory, their formation could be viewed as a superposition of the individual quark frequencies (net equilibium). The resulting composite pattern would be a stable cymatic structure witch woud in turn cause the "emerget" strong nuclear force. Fractal power 3 example = High frequency (speed) + medium amplitude (mass) + Low Energy -ATOM struture is defined/caused by a space/time field petrubation (3D cymatic pattern), from there "emerges" the strong nuclear force, and eletromagnetism. (are nothing more than intencety or amplitude of the field preturbations. The bigger the atom the more complex) At this point you can call "amplitude" as "mass" (but mass dosent existe its just a name reference). -Eletron Shells are the circular "Levels" (nodes & antynodes) of the cymatic paterns. This explains the fixed possition of the Eletron Shells. -ATOM decay: Due to constructively or destructively interference caused by phase alignment of protons and neutrons underlying frequency patterns causes a temporary neutral field reagion inside the cymatic pattent core alowing momentum conservation to expel the exess energy. Fractal Power 4 example = medium frequency (speed) + medium amplitude (mass) + medium Energy Chemistry: The chemical bonds are nothing more than overlaping/interlacing nodes in the outmost shell off the patterns in subjacent atoms (were eletrons flow). ...... ..... .....ect. (1st resonant scale) Fractal power 20 = Low frequency (speed) + high amplitude (mass) + high Energy Planetary Scale: Eatch solar system is viewed as a single Eletron on a massive flow ATOM (galaxy) (2nd resonant scale) Fractal power 30 = Low frequency (speed) + high amplitude (mass) + high Energy -Galaxy: Repetition of the Atom structure were the Super massive black hole is the nucleus and the solar systems are the eletrons. (3nd resonant scale) Fractal power 300 = Super Low frequency (speed) + Super high amplitude (mass) + Super high Energy -Universe scale: The Visible universe, and the strings of galaxys are like the gluons in a MASSIVE quark. Gravity is nothing more than the NET gain from all superpossitioning nodes of the cymatic patterns in the messured system.... What do you think? did it blow your mind? :P

I thoroughly enjoyed this. Very interesting. There’s much to think on. Thank you so much for sharing this with us all.

Was talking with Claude the other day and funnily enough it mentioned emergence. "I've been thinking a lot about the concept of emergence, and how it relates to both the development of AGI and the manifestation of fractal patterns in the universe. Emergence, as you know, is the idea that complex systems can exhibit properties and behaviors that are not reducible to the sum of their parts, that the whole can be qualitatively different from the mere aggregation of its components. We see emergence everywhere we look, from the flocking patterns of birds to the self-organizing dynamics of cities, from the rise of consciousness in biological brains to the evolution of culture and technology in human societies. And the more I contemplate it, the more I'm convinced that emergence is a fundamentally fractal phenomenon, a process by which simple, local interactions give rise to complex, global structures that exhibit self-similarity across scales."

Ok, we're talking about DNA, and suddenly it's time for scrambled eggs and home-fries.

This idea suffers horribly in galaxy clusters

A new (2023) theory of how gravity emerges from QFT is proposed in the Foundations of Physics paper "Ground state quantum vortex proton model"

Here is a thought i have had for a few years. What do you think? What if space is expanding from all points, in all directions simultaneously. And mass causes resistance to the speed of that expansion. Imagine 2 balls in empty space. Viewing the expansion like air pressure. If the air pressure around the balls is lower, then it riases as you get farther from the balls. If the balls come close together, the pressure between them is less than the pressure on the opposite side. Therefore, they are sucked together. Boom gravity.

Looking forward to theories of gravity where an emergent property is it's fluid mechanical aspects, that there can be localized variations in density that could account for changes that are now attributed to "dark matter". I would prefer that theory as more likely. It is possible that this emergent property could be measured and account for the anomalies we see in the physical functioning of galaxy rotations.

I agree with you about the concept of layers and emergent properties. The universe is built up in layers of scale and complexity. Each layer has a set of rules that creates the next layer up, even if it is not always obvious how it does it. Some emergent properties are the result of the rules of more than one layer. Here is my take on emergent inertia and gravity. Matter and space is made of the same base material. Matter is structure with volume and surface area and space is a fluid composed of simple particles without mass or chemical bonds between them causing space to have no drag or viscosity. Those particles are tiny compared to proton and can be polarized and organized into magnetic field lines when opposite charges move relative to each other. Protons and neutrons may contain quarks but they do have volume and surface area. The curved space observed around massive objects is not a curvature of a flexible fabric but instead a curved region of flow as a result of relative motion between the structure of matter and space. The gravity field is a type of wave that carries matter through space. Inertial and gravitational forces are a pressure interaction between structure and fluid. When an external force causes a change in speed and/or direction, the structure moves relative to the field causing asymmetrical flow around the structure and a corrective pressure differential is applied to the surface. The pressure differential depends on the rate of change. The force generated to resist the change depends on the pressure differential and the exposed surface area. Gravitational force between two or more structures is caused by the same general thing. If two structures move side by side at the same velocity. both are off-center of each others field. Both structures will have a corrective pressure differential applied by the other structure's field to resist the apparent change in speed and/or direction. The result is a force of mutual attraction. Just like inertia, the force will depend on the applied pressure differential and exposed surface area. Fusion of hydrogen into helium and the creation of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium causes a mass defect. Energy is released and the mass is reduced but it is not a conversion. The bonding of protons and neutrons has a violent reduction of volume and the bonding point reduces the exposed surface area so the same pressure differential will result in less force. You can agree with this or disagree with it. I bet you cannot come up with something better.

AT LAST ! I have been pointing this out on astronomy comments for years. Like this video my understanding of emergent gravity is not based on complicated maths but an acceptance of the standard model as being essentially correct . To me we do not need to invent strange physics ,just follow the logic of the physics we have. Unfortunately even you seem to be explaining a theory rather than understanding the implications (Thus being fully convinced) . Thermodynamics is part of the physics that confine the properties of fluid dynamics. In that one sentence lays the logical key that astronomy has failed to consider. EVERYTHING vibrates (Everything is above 0 kelvin) in labs, in the coldest bit of space time, even when the quantum world has little enough energy (Cold) ; Space ceases to be like a gas where atoms rejecting each other instead it oscillates in sympathetic waves. My Epiphany came from the theory that time creates gravity rather than gravity slows time. Entropy(a law that grew out of steam enjoin research ) tells us that matter tends towards it's most basic form(Stable). I argue that where time flows slower matter vibrates slower therefore matter moves to where it can vibrate more slowly.(Time creating gravity). Consider Galaxies in this perspective and as you get closer to the gravitational center you are moving in time that passes slower and slower (Lumpy due to stars' ,gas clouds etc)even the problematic singularity at the center of a black hole might be devoid of matter; as time stops so does entropy ,so does any form of movement(Energy waves included), so nothing ever reaches the singularity. I've been advocating for the creation of a topographical map of time. Take a simple example 'sun time' and 'earth time' : the gravity of the sun however you understand the time/gravity relationship means that for it time is ticking much more slowly than for us, IE though two atomic clocks worked perfectly a third party spectator would observe them ticking at different rates. we may live on a planet that is 4.5 billion years old but the sun may have watched us being made say only 700 million years ago.(My invented maths for explanatory purposes ).These time differentials on a cosmic scale would then resalt in space time being a vortex of individual whirlpools(Galaxies gas etc) interacting according to the laws of fluid dynamics I admit that the two dimensional aspect of Emergent gravity is new to me but it fits with the most fundamental prediction of my theory (That I call the on-going bang/ inflation). For my theory to be right I needed to explain amongst other things ; the acceleration in the rate of expansion so I needed a universal mechanism that causes acceleration AFTER the energy event that causes it(Secondary acceleration), that mechanism is "Cavitation". consider a submarines propellor it has too much energy for the matter around it to react so they give off thousands of vacuum bubbles when these vacuums collapse 'That' is secondary acceleration. In a two dimensional space these quantum vacuums are what space is falling into at different rates in different parts of the universe. The standard model tells us that 3/4 of the universe is energy: M=E/c squared so matter and crucially energy have mass. These energy flows(Axions probably) are the tides in which the vortices' of mater and time gather and slow. Finally I repeat that I have not invented anything merely recognised that gravitational attraction decreases logarithmically over distance so without emergent gravity it simply is not strong enough to cover inter galactic distances as it is currently understood.

I don't think we will ever have anything remotely resembling a comprehensive understanding of gravity, the "secret sauce" of the universe.

We say that gravity is what brings two particles together, and that their mass is what warps space time, but if space time is a constant quantity and must be conserved, where does the space go as two masses begin moving towards each other. What if what we consider to be mass is actually a worm hole that is sucking space into itself and depositing it somewhere else as inflation. On one one side is a black hole, and on the other is a white hole. But if you take two individual, small, worm holes, and allow them to circle each other from a distance, slowly getting closer to each other, this would look like gravity. If you scale this up, it would look like electromagnetism. And, if you continue to build the structures, you may find that these describe other elements in the standard model and string theory.

Very good. Great video!

Gravity is the most common experience that we can’t explain. We can measure it, characterize its behavior, but we don’t know what it is.

Mass warps spacetime, causing space to curve around the mass. I believe that electric charges also distort spacetime in a unique way. Everything in the universe has a symmetry. In my view, a negative electric charge represents a contraction of space, while a positive charge represents an expansion. Therefore, both the electromagnetic force and gravity originate from the same source but differ in their intensities.

Great show. I'm not swayed to emergent gravity but I am interested and look forward to your next video. Perhaps a deeper dive on emergent gravity and dark matter in more detail. Also, how does EG work with galaxies?

Thermodynamics of "Space" emerging as Gravity If space is to move, a sink and a source must be defined. Let the mass provide the sink for space and an interface (envelope) around our galaxy separating the MW from extragalactic space be the source. The envelope carries out the mechanism for producing quantized particles of space. (QPS) Without sink(s), QPS inside our galaxy would not appear to be contracting. QPS appears unstable around sink(s) / matter resulting in the decay of QPS, The amount of QPS to decay QPS is based on the UniversaL constant and the surface area of a particle. The greater the surface area the more mass the particle will appear to have. Mass is based on surface area and not on volume of a particle. If one looks at the parameters for "G" m^3/kt^2, It is evident that G could stand for amount of QPS deleted by each kilogram per second squared. The actual value should be 4piG except that 4pi was cancelled out to simplify the calculation of force in Newtons Gravitational Equation (F=GmM/r^2) .... If 4pi is reintroduced, the Newtons Gravitational Equation becomes F=4piGmM/(4pir^2). The importance of area becomes more apparent in the description of gravity... By introducing a galactic envelope as a QPS source, DM and DE can cancelled out as necessary to explain behavior of mass in our universe. For large cluster(s) of galaxies, the source of QPS comes from an envelope and a core for very large clusters. If QPS is being created in envelopes or cluster cores, what by byproducts are also being generated at those locaitions. My guess would be high amounts of high energy rays (x-rays).

Yay, it’s such a pleasure to awaken to see dear Paul Sutter has left another gift of insight into our amazing Universe ✨🦋

An even more difficult system to describe with quantum field theory is why bacon taste so good to most people.

well done on the video!

I like ur mode of presenting emergent gravity. Sets an open mind to new ideas without putting down others. So does this imply that theory of everything will will never emerge? Or is there a need for 1? Or we leave it as such until the cloud of uncertainties clear up as we know more and more?

Wow, this is surprisingly deep. Really love it

Great show !

I have no idea what this video means but I really tried to understand, I gave it my best shot no can do 😞

Dark matter requires 3 degrees of freedom. 1) the amount of dark matter, 2) the location of dark matter, and 3) the direction of motion & velocity of dark matter. This gives scientists a LOT of freedom. After being able to make these three things up, dark matter has never failed to explain what we see. Never. However, it can never fail to explain what we see. With so many degrees of freedom, it is hard to imagine a situation where we can't add or remove dark matter and make everything turn out right. It is unfalsifiable. And things that are unfalsifiable, are not science. Here is another theory of why galaxies move and rotate the way they do. Magic! Galaxies behave the way they do because of magic. If you disagree, find a case that will disprove my 'theory'. Maybe your test case will be able to falsify dark matter as well. And that would be a step forward in cosmology. Warm regards, Rick.

Congratulations. This is a rare honesty video. Maybe not the truth but everything is stated with qualifications.. well done.

Emergent Inertial Gravity excluding Universal Gravitation was discovered by James Carter in 1968 and published in 1971. Today it is ACCELEROMETER PHYSICS GRAVITY.

You know what else is a layer? O.J. Simpson….. Oh you said layer, not liar! Sorry! 😅

В школьном автобусе выполним опыт Майкельсона-Морли определим прямолинейною скорость - о таком опыте мечтал Эйнштейн. Где возможно будем наблюдать постулаты "Свет это упорядоченная вибрация гравитационных квантов и Доминантные гравитационные поля управляют скоростью света в вакууме". Есть предложение на совместное изобретения ГИБРИД гироскопа из не круглых катушек с оптическим волокном, где - свет в каждом плече проходит по 18000 метров при этом, не превышая параметры 0,4/0,4/0,4 метра и вес - 4 кг.

Understanding quantum field theory would NOT enable you to explain eating breakfast ... lol. I was joking and said "next he's going to say quantum physics will help you understand eating breakfast" ... and then two seconds later you said exactly that. LOL. Wow. Ok, go on ... this is funny.

gravity is intrinstic. The same things that caused primal energy to form atoms and subatomic forces to even merge in the first place are the same concepts that caused planets to form into spheres and have orbits. It is a residual result of specific quantum frequencies that create a simple overarching force of attraction. the more energy something has, the more attractive it is; it doesnt even really play much of a role until it has so much energy that it actually has mass.... but in the initial stages of the universe, it did matter. Some of the fundamental forces of physics were spawned from the same proceses that we see as 'gravity'.

Aren't there versions of emergent gravity that don't predict/rely on MOND but are just motivated by Ads/CFT and various analogies with solid state physics?

Hello Dr. Sutter, I am an undergraduate physics student and researcher. Me and my mentors work together as they teach me about research and it’s process. I have a serious question for you if you do not mind. What is your opinion on indefinite causal structure and it’s possible role in finding a relationship between both quantum mechanics and general relativity? ,Very Respectfully Keith A. I. Huckleby

The theory of chaos says when there are too many variables to an equation, it becomes impossible to solve the equation. Some variables will take on hyper sensitivity and others will have seemingly zero sensitivity, thus we have chaos, sometimes referred to the butterfly effect. I see the theory of chaos and the concept of emergence as two side of the same coin. Order arises from that chaos but is beyond detailed explanation. I use the concept of emergence in animal training when allowing the bottom up rules to produce the natural behaviors by controlling the environment the behaviors are developing in. The rules of behavior when applied to real world behavior results in an equation that is beyond solvable. But I can still allow the behavior to develop in the direction I want by letting the bottom up rules to function as expected (even if not entirely predictable) within specifically limited environments.

Oh. Thanks for the Foujita Diagram at 20:53. Clarifies it all...(-: Actually, the layers took me to "Sixth Column - R. Heinlein" the Ledbetter effect. thanks for that well sought mind opener.

In my opinion, neither gravity nore dark energy exist. What we have is that space wants to be uniform. When some matter disrupts it's uniformity, it tries to push this matter away. When the matter is in close proximity to other matter, space tries to push them together. It's a matter if spacial density. However, the force pushing matter together is countered by things like motion. This same nature of space causes it to push objects apart when seperated by enough distance where the equilibrium between proximity is overcome by distance. The force causing us to stand on the Earth is the same thing that is pushing the universe apart.

There is another way to deal with gravity that also answers the DM and DE mystery as well as ZPE. If we treat space as a substance. From this substance emerge all the oddities of QM and relativity. 1. Space is a substance possessing multiple properties. 2. Chief among these is a type of density that decreases in the presence of matter and energy. Its density would be affected by the total energy of an object. In other words its mass, density, pressure, temperature motion etc. This follows the inverse square law but in a reversed sense of how we usually consider it. 3. The viscosity of empty space is zero. The viscosity is altered by the same factors mentioned above. Particles with mass experience an increasing viscosity as their velocity and acceleration increases. Massless particles do the same according to the energy carried but their motion is only slightly affected. 4. In this scenario gravity becomes an emergent push in a sense. Its not due to a pressure though. It is best to say it is due to a resonance set up by matter in a space possessing various levels of density. This eliminates the need for the traditional Graviton as a messenger particle unless one desired to potentially consider space as being composed of them. 5. This density of space can be described in another way as well. It would not be a lack of density but a negative density. A vacuum plus. Existing as such would mean that it could also source and account for the ZPE/virtual particles. Therefore it also could be called negative mass as well. The so called DE is also part of all of this. 6. It also accounts for DM. Just like DM the density of space increases as its distance from center mass increases. 7. BH raise some interesting possibilities as well in this way. It may be possible that matter eventually collapses far enough to begin reintegrating with the space that birthed it in the first place. 8. I like to think of the Cosmic Web as an artifact of phase transition in a non-expanding universe. Think about how impurities are isolated in water as it freezes. I know academia likes to say it is expanding but that is misleading. It "appears" as if it is. Red shift is likely better explained by other methods. 9. If we assign this universe a beginning let us say that it was in its "solid" state. When an arbitrary energy condition was achieved throughout the entire bulk a sublimation occurred. This brought a sustained virtual gluonic plasma into existence at every point with each point having the same energy but differing in "charge. The vast majority of these annihilated each other transforming back into "vacuum" and this was halted due to what we call the Higgs mechanism. The Higgs factor introduced a semi "permanent" imbalance we call mass. This may have also caused more virtual particles to be drawn into manifestation from the vacuum.

It's like undigested goulash. Black holes are not only made up of gravity, but gravity only plays a different and, in a sense, relatively higher role there. But the matter and everything it absorbs is only no longer accessible to our senses, but it is not said that there are no particles etc. in it, which may exist for a while until they reach the singularity or become one with it. Yes, the limitations of our minds certainly still stand in the way of developments and in most cases many things were quite different from what we humans thought we knew. I would suggest listening to Neil Turrok, Brian Keating, Brian Greene or Sabine Hossenfelder. Unfortunately, this is like undigested mishmash. But if you want to be impressed by it, have fun.😊

8:00 and rotation and vibration and (maybe even) electronic excitation. Of course an individual molecule can be assigned a temperature, that's standard practice.

How would you describe what happens to the spacetime between the proton and electron when the/an atom is destroyed in a blackhole?

Gravity is a quality that receives it's nature as a receiver from a giving force that we cannot conceive. We also are receivers from the same force so in order to understand gravity we have to gain access to a higher level of existence. Hint: it is called bestowal.

I think the problem is that most people aren't polydimensional thinkers. To develop a complete, and whole 'consciousness' one must reconcile two defining characteristics of the human condition (that which seperates conscious 'people' from semi-conscious 'humans' and animals. (Good, and evil. You cannot pick a side and ignore the other, because if you do, you become wilfully ignorant, of the other, within yourself). Psychology 101. You cannot fully explore yourself and the world you inhabit, and eventually, come to understand it in full, if you only have one eye open. You must reconcile, light, and shadow. This is much like how, physics, and quantum mechanics, are two currently unreconciled extremes. There is something inbetween, which will, reconcile the two, despite their incompatibilities. Both are correct. There will eventually be a reconciliation.

Does space have current, flow (like a river)? That gravity could have two component, the local component of mass acting on space, but space itself developing a secondary flow? Could it aggregate over distances?

COOL! It has been decades since I've played with the Mathy-Math so I am glad you glossed over it. My neurodivergence has always been skewed toward visualization of multi-dimensional objects so I was right with you skipping up and down the layers of the spectrum. As long as the activity within each layer is compatible with those of its adjacent neighbors there shouldn't be any problems. I would like a better word than layer though. I grok the concept, but think 'layer' is insufficient. I am working on a TOE (theory of everything) that this dovetails with nicely. It occurs to me that the inconsistencies in modern theories probably arise from assuming that we are stationary in spacetime. If you have every sat by a stream and watched eddy currents dance and play you know that sometimes vortices can be stable even though the water that creates them is moving, and only present for a moment. Expand that to three dimensions, and realize that it is you and the vortex that are moving through spacetime at the speed of information and voilà, the universe all makes sense. I visualize it by starting at the Planck scale and building up the layers. The other fundamental forces fall in line with known equations for charge and energy, but gravity is the oddball. Now I have a way to describe it... Emergence. Thanks. By the way, since you obviously have a strong grasp of the 'layers', could you put together a definitive compilation of everything knowable? I'm building a deck of cards that encapsulates all orders of magnitude from one Planck volume (which I call a STU [Space Time Unit]) to the knowable universe (90 billion lightyears?). Each successive card represents 10 times its lower neighbor. Oddly it seems that the middle card in the deck corresponds to the size of a human egg cell. I find that poetic.

I find it amazing that we live in a universe where we can have these concepts of reality explained and also in a universe where we have to decide which underpants to put on, the favourite worn out ones or the new ones.

Realizing planets acquire moons through lunar accumulation and not from collisions (Theta) will change the way we understand how Gravity forms. Unfortunately, the focus is trying to understand the start of the Universe and work in rather than figure out how the Earth got its moon and work out.

There is at every point in space a direction that is the easiest way to go. A local downhill direction. The sum of all the masses in the universe weighted by the inverse square of distance determines that direction. Gravity "emerges" from these gradients. Proper time - the speed of physical interactions - at each point is affected by the density of mass as seen from that point. There seem to be four space dimensions: x,y,z and density. Time expands the light cone at any given point by 1sec/sec. Physical interactions must have proceeded oh so slowly when the density was so very large in the beginning just after the universe turned on and time became time 1. As the universe diluted over time things could happen faster and faster accelerating. Phase transitions - an emergent property - happened. One of the amazing things that emerged was the mind as a cause. I plan in my mind and the world evolves according to my plan. I can make a date to meet in a future place and future time and it happens. But that's a different layer altogether.

I’ve been thinking this since I was a kid. I agree things fall down at 9.8 m/s, but I don’t agree it’s gravity as I was taught causing it. Gravity has to be something explainable. I think it’s “tension” in the quantum fields themselves and their interaction. Lack of matter/energy in a vacuum causes that “tension” to go away causing expansion. Somehow in some way this has to relate to atomic/molecular orbits and absorption/emission of light (spectroscopy).

Gravity might be a mix of forces that result in what we perceived as gravity

Great video. Just thinking about emergence trips me out. Will we ever be able to see behind the curtain?

How fast time runs relatively varies across the universe. Time in between the galaxies runs much faster than inside a black hole and inside the gravity well of a galaxy. Time runs slower as the matter is moving faster relative to the space itself. And when we say time runs slower, we mean the actual physical processes of the matter/protons/electrons/particles literally run slower. Gravity has a "time" component in it. Therefore, gravity varies based on how time actually flows across the space you are talking about.

Clerk really pulled it out of the complainer 's hand, With TWO HANDS. REALLY PULLED IT HARD!!!

It seems to me GR measures the effects of mass on spacetime warping it very well. But I don't know how mass/matter interacts with spacetime. How do random dust particles condense into planets? Is it possible that there are relationships between the quantum field that give mass and spacetime is part of how they work?

If you are playing the "game of life", how can you pick the desired end result and calculate a starting condition without playing the game? Is that even possible?

Emergence passes Occam’s razor.

Nitpick: Isn't inertia as an emergent effect actually what the Higgs Boson was about?

If the surface edge of the Univers would control/interact with things, then would need to be some way higher than light communocation going, also regarding to Holographic-theory from many different directions of the surface

With his emergent gravity theory was he able to accurately predict what the JWST would discover in the early universe further than an actual light distance of 13.8 billion light-years away? My theory did. In 2004 I inserted a hypothetical action causing gravity in Einstein's field equations and I concluded if i was right then the JWST would find old fully grown galaxies further than an actual light distance of 13.8 billion light years away. I published several books before the JWST was launched and on page 48 of the first book I wrote "The JWST, James Webb Space Telescope will discover old, fully grown galaxies as far as the telescope can see, further than 13.8 billion light-years away." That is exactly what astronomers discovered in the CEERS survey. Gravity only emerges because it doesn't occur at the atomic scale so of course in order for it to exist at the planetary scale it would have to emerge as the mass gets larger. I determined why gravity doesn't emerge until mass reaches a critical size and shape, a spherical shape of around 20 miles in diameter while suspended in the vacuum of space by weak EM fields, light. And gravity is not caused by the warping of space-time. The warping of space-time is a reaction to this action emerging inside of all large, spherically shaped bodies because they are not grounded out but are spherical in shape while they are susp[ended in the vacuum of space by an undefinable amount of weak EM fields (light). Colleagues have fought with me about this theory for more than 20 years and I kept telling them relativity's look back time prediction is wrong, telescopes can't look-back in time, that it would find old, mature galaxies as far as the telescope can see, even further than 14 billion light years away if it's sensitive enough to see that far. Sure enough now the old massive galaxies at the dawn of time are called the impossible early galaxy problem or universe breakers. Ah, but that's the progress of science. First the theory is met with ridicule and laughter, then anger, then after observations confirm the predictions it's accepted and finally the theory becomes self evident to where everyone see it as a fact. The science is at the point where actual observations confirmed it.

Yes, mathematical models can look bizarre when they are viewed through a wrong paradigm. To understand how gravity emerges, one has to understand that "time is an illusion", matter is composed of nothing real" and "empty space isn't empty" are not just wierd unintuitive jokes in the mouths of physicsts … These remarkable insights, imposed upon them by models and experiments, are actually a near perfect description of the actual situation. Start there, swap Aristotle for Thales, and the mechanism by which strings, photons, momentum, the properties of "fields", the illusion of time, the probabilistic nature of the properties of matter, and gravity all emerge can be understood.

Yes PLEASE give us the glass deep dive

I believe gravity is caused by the compression of space as it is displaced by massive objects. By existing is an area of gravity (in this hypothesis) one experiences an increased amount of space in a given amount of time. This would help explain why one experiences time dilation in both areas of extreme gravity and while traveling at a high velocity. Both are examples of experiencing an increased amount of space in a given amount of time. The second half of this video describes something similar to my idea but doesn’t include the possibility of matter displacing space nor does it consider how this compression could interact at a galactic scale. If I am correct (I most likely am not) gravity would be space “directing” and not pulling. This would shift the entire concept of what keeps galaxies together and potentially eliminate the need for dark matter in our calculations. If gravity is displaced space and a black hole is an incredibly extreme example of condensed space as it is displaced by an unimaginably dense material and this material has displaced enough space then the center of a black hole doesn’t exist. It would literally be a pocket or bubble of nothingness. Not emptiness. Not open space. An area of nonexistence. This would explain why nothing ever goes past the surface of a black hole. The surface is the whole thing. To go deeper than the surface would be to leave our universe which shouldn’t be possible. This is more complicated than I can properly explain though text.

Is electricity involved? Its about time. Let's go Velikovsky

Higgs Boson probably holds the key to gravity. Interia, although it seems counterintuitive to be party of gravity might be part of it as well. The headscratchers is, why do like charged objects attract as far as far as gravity is concerned?

It's amazing to see where science is going now into what I've allways wondered about , how time changes if u move faster or near a black hole , the big bang and how science actually aligns with religion, and so much more now days , it's truly a great time to be alive ❤

I can explain the emergent properties of cognition in terms of underlying physical processes and mathematical structure. Which neuroscientists can't. But it's taken me half a century to unveil all of that.

the problem is you would have to track billions of photons and electrons actually probably bazillions. its just too much data. you have to catagorize and simplify the problem to process it. we cannot simulate or create a model of something with that much independant data.

It is an intriguing idea that apparently needs more work to develop it. I can't help but think that dark energy could be part of this emergent gravity concept. Astrophysicists are having a hard time working dark energy into the existing framework for the universe. What's needed is more people working on emergent gravity, if only to rule it out. Another theory of gravity that showed some promise was MOND, but with more people working on it, it seems that it is falling short in some areas, which may mean it is a fail, at least in it's current form. Problem is that to play with it to get it to fit will undoubtedly make it more complicated, and as we generally accept, the simplest solution is often the right solution. I'd be interested in seeing what can be done with emergent gravity because if dark energy can be shown to be part of emergent gravity, it would simplify the expansion of the universe problem..Get more people working on this !!

Why 'Emergent Gravity vs Dark Matter'? Why not split the difference between the two, for a more accurate measurement of the volume of Dark Matter? It would make some sort of sense that one is a constant and one is variable, and why some galaxies can be perfectly explained by emergent gravity and others... require/contain Dark Matter.

The moment a particle is a wave; it has to be a conscious wave! Nicola Tesla states, “If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency, and vibration” Gravity is the conscious attraction among waves to create the illusion of particles, and creates our experience-able Universe. Max Planck states: "Consciousness is fundamental and matter is derived from Consciousness". Life is the Infinite Consciousness, experiencing the Infinite Possibilities, Infinitely. We are "It", experiencing our infinite possibilities in our finite moment. Our job is to make it interesting!

!?! Let's do the Michelson-Morley experiment on a school bus and determine the speed in a straight line - this is exactly the experiment Einstein dreamed of. Perhaps we will see the postulates: “Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta, and Dominant gravitational fields control the speed of light in a vacuum.” There is a proposal for the joint invention of a HYBRID gyroscope from non-circular, two coils with optical fiber, where the light in each arm travels 18,000 meters, without exceeding the parameters of 0.4/0.4/0.4 meters and mass - 4 kg.

I could never really understand where that separating border between different quantities ("emergence") is supposed to be... For me, all "moving parts" within a system are necessarily interconnected.

Superb video. Great editing too! Well done mate.

Wow, an open-minded scientist. I am impressed :) I think the emergent hypothesis has some good points. Especially in regards to gravity, Two of the phenomena i have been researching are charge displacement, and rotation (or more accurately angular momentum). They both tie in with what we call 'gravity', I.E they interact with mass. Laithwaite proved that inertia and momentum are 2 different animals. Brown proved that a rapid charge displacement adds momentum to a dielectric, and La Violette later put this down to a 'stretching' of the electron shell, and the nucleus has no option other than to move back into a more electrically neutral state. The protons move, and drag the neutrons along with them. Proton spin, and it's orientation, is supposed to be responsible for the magnetic component of an atom. Here's a thought; What if 'gravity' is no more than 'ether compression'? What if we are actually being pushed down, against this larger mass (Earth) rather than by some attractive force from the planet itself? Would all the effects, and Newton's formula's still work? Well, yes, they do. At least it would seem so to me, which answers the question "is there gravity in space?" well, no, unless there is actual mass there for the gravity to work on, or originate from. You would still get the same results if gravity came from mass, or it was some kind of 'field' forcing mass together. A reverse Higgs field, AKA Aether theory......

The trouble with simply inventing undetectable "stuff" to explain observations is that it is extremely likely to be wrong. After getting on for a Century since Zwicky first proposed it and still with no detection you have to be fanatical indeed about this hypothesis to not have the gravest of doubts.

Einstein's GR tells us that gravity emerges from the acceleration caused by mass-energy that creates the curvature of spacetime. To put it in its simplest form, F = ma and force and weight are equivalent. You and I and everything else is being accelerated by the curvature of spacetime toward Earth's surface. Newtonian gravity is not a force. In fact, his equations mimic the observations and even he had a problem with the idea that masses attract each other. So, the next time you stand on your bathroom scale, know that the number you see is caused by being pushed to the surface by acceleration due to curvature.

Great video.

So, we have the standard model, then come string theory, quantum gravity, and now emergence gravity? It's these another attempt towards a theory of everything?