So, i was listening to this video in my car while driving, Then the winged hussars arrived, coming down that mountain side. I was fucking terrified. I had no idea where they came from but i floored it.

I 'm proud Polish as you can tell, try another Sabaton song " 40 to 1 ' Let us know what you think about that battle. It is still 2nd war song.

17:00 perhaps because it is said that J.R Tolkien was so impressed by the Winged Hussars and was in such an awe that he "implemented" them into the LoTR trilogy. It is said that the Riders of Rohan were specificly based on the Winged Hussars (although without the wings obviously).

why are you so likeable? ... idk you are such a nice person so it's really easy to watch your videos all the way

As one of those few Americans whose ancestry is from Eastern Europe, rather than Western Europe (I'm Polish, so technically Central Europe lol), I think it's a real shame we don't learn more about the history of that part of Europe. Polish history in particular is very fascinating, and goes back over 1000 years

I've been to Verdun, when I was in the US army. God that place just punched me in the fucking gut. It hurt me so deeply to see what those men fought in, you couldn't pay me enough to fight in that battle. I'll never forget a letter they had on display there from a French soldier "Dear mom, I'm 17 and I don't want to die" -an unknown French soldier.

0:06 You know your a real Sabaton fan when you start to incorporate Sabaton memes and references when you talk

12:20 this is only partially true. „Husaria” (Winged Hussars) were much more versatile, than is often thought. It is true, that as literally shock troops they could be used only few times a day, but there is plenty of examples, when they also fought as medium or light cavalry, sometimes as dragoons and there is even at least one occasion, when they were implemented as... pikemen! 😃 Also, if the needed to charge again, they could exchange lances from wagons behind the line, or use „koncerz”, kind of 2m long... blunt but spiky „sword”, mini-lance... and after that the sabre... and than war-hammer, than one or even two pistols... Terminator would be proud 😆 Their decline is, as correctly mentioned, connected with decline of the state itself, but also with fall of art-of-war in XVIII century Poland. Heavy cavalry itself could be still decisive weapon, as Napoleon showed, but not independently, like in XVI-XVII century. Even at Vienna, success of hussars was prepared and supported by artillery and infantry, so later neglect of those aspects caused hussars to loose all of their final engagements.

I can't provide source but supposedly impaling up to 5 enemies on a lance was a common thing and record is said to be 7 enemies.

Capable lancers remained the best shock cavalry well into the 19th century. They were just very rare because it took a real long time to learn how to use this 16 feet long weapon from a charging horse. Because the winged hussars were made up of nobility, they had all the dedication and time to learn how to use their lances properly.

As someone with Polish ancestry, this is one of my favorite Sabaton songs. The Winged Hussars pretty much saved the western world.

Winged Hussars were not only superbly equiped, but they were very well trained, extremely disciplined, proud and brave elite unit. And heavy armoured. Probably similar to an armourded tank division of today. Re muslims fighting on christian side you mention, I think you think of Lipka Tatars (tatarzy lipkowi) who were well integrated people within the Lithuanian-Polish commonwelth, they were very loyal and brave, and fought bravely for centuries defending Polish east/southern borders (Kresy) Also, countrary to what people might believe, very few Hussars actually died in battles. So as far as wars and casulties go (and the prospect of war spoils), being a Hussar was kinda safe bet. Also, please remember, even though 11/09/1683 is perhaps the most recognised charge/victory of the WInged Hussars, there were other, just as awesome victories. Such as: Kircholm 1605 (4000 vs 12000 swedes), Kluszyn 1610 (3000 vs 35000 moscovites), Chocim 1621 (600 vs 10000 ottomans), and more...

I had never even hear of The Winged Hussars until today or their influence on Tolkien and LOTR. thank you for bringing it to my attention, it's magnificent.

Normandy is definitely a place I can recommend for historic battlefield sites, I've been there twice myself, once on a guided battlefield tour and another with my family and its got many amazing historic sites and museums to visit. I know some information about them too that I would love to talk about and share!

As a Pole I'd like to thank you for this video. 🇵🇱 ~ I have found your yt channel yesterday and after a two videos I've subscribed instantly. You do a great job sir! Greetings from Poland.

As for the reasons why hussars stopped being used, it wasn't entirely about the increasing use of cannons and firearms. Still, in the event of an open battle, the only way to stop the hussars at that time was through terrain obstacles. The losses related to the firearms were minor (mostly horses). The main reason for the fall of this formation was the finances and social decline of the Commonwealth. Too many wars and too many internal conflicts have brought down the morale and financial level of society.

@vlogging through history: When you go to Europe, one huuuge recommendation: Southern Tyrol/Trentino/Veneto and the alps there. This was the frontline between Austria and Italy, and you can actually still see how they fought in the mountains and glaciers (up to over 3000m below sealevel). If you go to Marmolada, you can 1: visit the highest museum of Europe (which is a WW1 museum), walk through the trenches the Italians built there in the stone (not so much from the Austrians, as their trenches were inside the glacier, which is way smaller by now), and overall get a feeling of what those madmen did (and had to do) there. And when you are in that corner of Europe: Kobarid (in Slovenia, right near todays Italian border), also holds an awesome WW1 museum (if you are not familiar with that name: It lies at the Soca river, which in Italian was called Isonzo)

Siege of Vienna is one of our Polish history proudest moments. on par with Grunwald 1410 and "Miracle at Vistula" (Cud nad Wisla) in 1920. And that while i agree the numbers of actual hussars in battle of vienna were not massive the sheer force of the attack on practicaly unarmoured and underarmed janissaries did the job. I am pretty sure that i also read that they had 4-5 lances they could come back for and use again if needed.

I was walking, and then from the hills the WINGED HUSSARS arrived

he got that backwards the Hussar provided his own horse armor and weapons, except for the Lance, the king was responsible for their pay, and their lances (it often worked against him when pay was late and the troops would strike)also they wore what's considered half plate but by the end of the 17th C they no longer wore the thigh protection. (hussar were expected to have a saber, an estoc a brace of pistols and a lance )

Thing about Polish Hussars is they weren't really heavy cavalry as such. Sure, they fought as heavy cavalry sometimes but they exhibited extreme flexibility. They served as scouts and raiders, and excelled in maneuver warfare. They were professional soldiers with exceptional funding, training and morale. Sure, in pitched battle they will implement shock tactics, but even that was remarkable: they perfected charging in loose formation minimizing losses only to tighten up at absolute last moment, and once lance was 'spent' they moved to auxillary weapons before retreating for another charge if necessary. Honestly, Vienna isn't really good example of why Polish hussars were such effective force. Kircholm-Kłuszyn-Chocim are much better indicators of just how brutally effective well implemented shock tactics combined with basically unshakable morale were at the time. In general morale is where the hussars strength was the most. Shit, there are accounts of them holing up in some farm estates tieing up entire armies of thousands with 40-50 men just to help with retreat or interception. As far as Vienna... the thing about Sobieski's force was it in essence was rushed army. Polish 'pospolite ruszenie' (levee en masse) didn't have time to gather properly, nor did Lithuanian detachment arrived in time, so Sobieski departed Kraków with a lot higher percentage of retinues than usually.

It is interesting how much Poland history is influenced the world and yet they have been trampled upon again and again. Such awesome people.

Please visit the Teutoburger Wald in Germany. There was a giant fight between three Roman legions and some germans. After the Battle Augustus apparently screamed "Varus give me Back my legions!"

Good to hear you planning the voyages! If you, by any chance, land in Poland, I would be more than happy to see you

After winged hussars saved Vienna, what recognition received Poland after 100 years from Austria... ?!

As I watched this I walked past a Polish van. Sadly, no winged hussar.

The battle of Vennia, also reminds me of the point in the battle of the bastards , in game of thrones, when Sansa arrived just in time with the army from the Veil to help Jon win.

The lances were hollow in the middle to be lighter. Lances were the only weapon provided by the King. A Hussar would charge into battle, return for a new lance, and charge again.

first time i just got explaination, why almost nobody at west doesnt know too much about polish winged hussars.....wow.. huge respect for this video i am impressed by channel, keep on enjoing also this part of the european history

One thing to mention which is commonly forgotten is that Sobieski and his army decided to go by the hardest possible climb up the Vienna Forrest which was that hill to charge from. Heavy raining creates even harder passage because of mud. Sobieski get to move all his troops which were hussars and infantry AND CANNONS - i have no idea how they were able to move to the hills so quickly - one evening. After that hard march they were so pumped to battle so Sobieski had to calm them down - they were constantly hearing voices of murdered Holy Roman Empire troops and as stated Sobieski and his army were so religious so they wanted to just go after reaching hill without a much needed break till the morning. Common comparison about Hussars is to them being medieval age equivalent of atomic bomb - fast, one time strike to finalize the battle. Check please the history of battle of Chocim and battle of Kirholm - two more examples of power of Winged Hussars :)

You have to visit Austria one day. In special Vienna, the city is so beautiful. You can check out St.Stephans cathedral, the Kapuzienergruft, where many Austrian emperors , empresses, princes and princesses lay in their coffins. Also castle Schönbrunn, once the residence of the Austrian imperial family. The Heeresgeschichtliches Museum shows the history of the Austrian military covering everything from the middle ages to Napoleon to WW1 and our time.

Good to mention that this battle was the first big battle of Eugen de Savoy, the famous general, he was in... and actually charge with the cavalry unit in the battle :)

Chris- “this is something I don’t know much about so I’m excited to learn more” *1 minute into the video pauses it and explains the details of the event in more detail than the original content creator could’ve ever imagined

The three countries you list at 8:31 are Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldova the precursor to Romania if anything (Edit) Sorry 8:13

I’d love to see you visit Wales. We have so much rich history going from the Celts and Roman Britain, the Welsh Kingdoms and Marches during the Norman Conquest, Edward I building so many castles to keep us from rebelling that we have more castles per square mile, Owain Glyndwrs rebellion of the early 15th century to even the Tudors.

Alexander the Great had his phalanxes carry 18 foot long pikes. That’s pretty wild.

Very true comment at 4:52. But this is not only true for Americans. My family is from Poland but I grew up in Germany and here we don't learn anything about Polish history at that scale although it is Germany's eastern Neighbor for more than 1000 years, a very important nation for European history for centuries. At school we only learned the Polish role as a victim after its partition when it disappeared from map for more than 120 years, its role as a victim during WW2 (but of course nothing about its success during the Russian invasion to the west between the world wars when Poland saved the western countries while they were still suffering after WW1). We learned about the movements of Poland`s borders to the west after WW2 when Germany lost a lot of land, showing Germany's role as a victim in that situation, but no word about the fact that those new borders were very similar to Poland's borders at the very beginning of its existence 1000 years ago. No word about the fact that Poland was so gigantic and a great leading power in Europe. It was like it never existed before this long era of big crises. But we learned everything about France, Russia, England, America (coincidentally the winners of WW2 in German territories). The most funny thing I remember from our history lessons was the fact that the first shot when war began was done by a polish soldier in Westerplatte/Gdansk at the harbor while the city was literally surrounded by the German army but no word about the Gleiwitz incident the day before, the true start of war in Poland. At least we learned a bit about the strikes which lead to the fall of communism.

You may want to consider, for revolutionary and 1812 era history, there are a bunch of old British forts in Ontario, Canada, along what was the US border, and might still be I don't remember

note. the Polish monarchy did not provide the weapons, armor and horses. those were provided by the volunteer nobles for themselves and their men. The investment was borne entirely by the individual nobleman, none by the king.

AND THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!

Keep on going no matter how many subscribers or viewers you have. I will always watch your videos.

Love your reaction videos! would love to watch reactions to "The last battle" and "Hearts of iron". best unknown stories of WW2

I think of this as the first photo op, even though photagraphy hadn't been invented yet. They definitely timed the charge to present good optics.

if you come to Vienna - let me know - it would be my honour to show you around. I am a historian and do also some tourist guides in Vienna. We could go up to the Kahlenberg (where the attack of the Winged Hussars did start), to the armouries (where also an armour of the hussars is), seeing the rest of the city walls (well... rest is highly overstated) and to the military history museum (where a turkish tent (MAYBE of Kara Mustafa) is on display). so if you are here - let me know - I can show you around here.

Viennas history is quiet something! If you ever decide to come to Austria, hit me up in the DM's, since i am from Vienna and also work in a small museum dedicated to another famous battle (lesser know, but when you know who it's about, why more interresting). History is one of my hobbies and about of vienna, i only know a few persons, who know a bit more than me. Also last time i looked out of the window..... ....winged hussars arrived! ;)

Actuallly Tolkien was inspired by siege of Vienna

James Michener's historical fiction novel, , gives much information on the history of Poland including a whole chapter on the Siege of Vienna. Also watch the Polish movie 1683 (English subtitles) about the Siege and the Hussars (free on youtube i think).

Though it is true the 90,000 people under Charles of Lorraine did do a pretty good job against the Ottoman forces, their leadership used much disarray in the Austrian lines so it probably did a better job of distracting rather than actually crush them. I personally believe that it was an accidental hammer and anvil tactic with the holy league just accidentally doing more than given credit.

I feel so bad for u, u probably have a job but still, u make great videos and you'll should get more like, subs, or support in general. I think you should make more videos like these. Good job :D

If im not wrong king Jan had biggest number of winged hussars in history. My mind is telling me it about 15k... Plus i dont know if i understand what you said. But nobleman who wanted be winged hussar had to arm kimself. And price for one horse of hussars was huge - something like 60kg of silver. Only lance was providen by king. Thats why there was always no enought of wing hussars. They served for honor and faith and have godlike morale. Thats what my memory tells me.

I remember I first started watching you its like you have 1-5k subscribers lol. I hope Sabaton someday make a song about the ww2 in Pacific and my home country, Philippines. Like a song about the Bataan Death March where Filipino and American soldiers surrender. Also I recommend you to watch some videos about Bataan's Mt Samat. One of my favourite historical place that is connected to WW2 here in my home country!

If you are going to the UK you have to visit HMS Victory and HMS Trincomolee.

I wanna be a history teacher in the future and also want to do somethings with social media so you are like the guy i look up to

I love these guys.

You could visit Australia you know the little place down under that wouldn’t be too bad. Also great videos

There is a story that the croissant pastry was first created to celebrate the Victory of the Battle of Vienna against the Ottomans, I don't know if it's true but it's pretty cool.

React to sabaton "resist and bite".

Well, sorry for late comment, but - in actual Sabaton video was clearly shown that Polish artillery was doing their part. And yes - there were muslim tatars on the side of Polish king... But also - there were Christians on the side of Ottomans - their vassals in case of Bulgarians and Romanians

It would be nice seeing you react or tell your opinion about the grand duchy of Lithuania itself

I think I'm gonna go watch Two Towers now.

Go to Bannockburn and also pair it with the Sabaton song

There is a giant wall of the fallen in ww2 in Denmark in the city of Aaarhus and the bunkers on the western coast

Its weird, the family from my dad comes from the same town as the mum from my mother flew as germany invaded Poland

Yeah, it's a popular thing for monday morning quarterbacks to denigrate the heroics of the men on the spot, as you're doing with the winged hussars. The 101st Airborne was only a tiny part of the Battle of the Bulge; don't go thinking they were instrumental in Allied victory... except that tiny band holding Bastogne WERE instrumental in stopping the German counter-offensive. If the Germans had managed to take Bastogne, you'd be speaking German now instead of Spanish. Just because they weren't the bulk of the force doesn't mean they weren't the ones responsible for victory.

Would recommend Resist and Bite

Poland-Lithuania was huge. And then you think about that Sigismund Vasa was king of both Sweden and P-L for some years

Most people make some misconception about word Hussars, bc some thinks it was only Polish elite type cavalry [its some lacks in information way]. No! many of country's was have they own "type" of Hussary. Polish was knowed most, bc was fight in most of European battles in "they time" and was on winner side mor times than on loose. But in origin Polish Hussars was in some way a copy of special type of Hungarian cavalry named "Huszar", which was a copy of Serbian special cavalry named from word "husar/gusar" which mean "brigade". [Funny story] But Most knowed group are Polish, Hungarian and Croatian Hussars. Again fun fact - Polish Hussars in whole story of that type of cavalry, claimed achievement as a most heavy, sometimes named as a"tanks" of they time. Why? Well they was too much armored, thats why they wouldn't fight on "too muddy" side bc of they weight. Using them as great weapon, was tricky and was have many limitations, and Polish group was less organised than for example Croatian one. It was tied with special privileges that polish Hussars was have as special army and as port of nobility. In that time nobility in Poland was like children's which don't listen they parent [king], that's why Poland in that period was have more wars than they needed. For fanatics, don't even try! - Its knowed that polish Hussars was great [as a weapon], but was most heavy from all knowed hussars group of they time [we don't count group of modern tanks with name Hussar] and even with great training regime, they was more loosen type of group than Hungarian or Croatian Hussars. U can event take as count for that they Armory, where Croatian and Hungarian Hussars was almost all the same [all man in group was have the same/simillar armory and weapons], but Polish group was super loose about [they "cloth code"] what they men in group "have on them". Polish Hussars was a little more simmilar to Lisowczycy in aspect of they armory way as a group. Some of them was have both plate armory [front and back], some was have only half [front], some wasn't even was have plate, only some ring/chainmail chest. Some was have 2 big wings, and some was have 1 big or 1 small wing. That loose "cloth/armor code" was they most effective weapon, bc enemies wasn't sure if they are "now" more heavy or more light in they armory [god way for make some desinformation].

This is good one

great video but you thinking through British eyes Polish husars were sons on biggest nobility dukes counts so they could easily afford that for example comander of one of the regiment was prince zamoijski considered at that time to one one richest man of europe

Brawo Ty 👌

Be aware with your Drone in "German Airspace" the Regulations are quite weird sometimes :)

Idk why but this made me think of Prince/ Marshal Poniatowski and the Polish & Lithuanian lancers in le Grande Armee. Also made me think of how Polish Lancers charged German tanks in September 1939. I guess it’s the tradition(s) of Polish cavalry.

Another story that comes from this battle is that supposedly sleeping members of the bakers guild heard the tunnelers which foiled their plot and in celebration after the win, the bakers created the first croissants that were handed out to the city that were modeled after the Ottoman moon for all to eat. Somehow these days croissants are thought to be French but they're not. This is the battle they came from.

It’s fascinating that East Prussia was on the map with Polish Lithuanian commonwealth and Russia was still an issue as recently as the Polish Solidarity movement in Gdańsk/ Danzig

Speaking of Stephan Batory, most people actually know his relative. Countess Elizabeth Batory.

Great reaction! Greetings from Lithuania :)

it's actually quite a sad story. the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth saved Austria and as a reward for their help they participated in its partitions soon after

Will there be reaction on "Sabaton: Lifetime of war". 30-year old war.

Some notice about the Battle of Vienna: The battle was not win by the charge of the cavalry but by the bloody fight of the HRE and Polish infantries. The Turkish force were slowly driven back by the infantry since early of the morning to the end of the day. The cavalry charge struck where it needed to strike : the left flank of an exhausted and disordered army after a long fighting day The battle actually slowly led to the downfall of 2 powerful nations : Ottoman and ... Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Ottoman Empire were never able to recover from the defeat at Vienna, which was slowly open up the chance for Russia Empire to rise up and expand more to the south, deep into Ukraine and Tartar lands (and irony ... Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lands). Just less than one hundred years after the battle (from 1772 to 1795) , King Frederick II of Prussia, Catherine The Great of Russia and Austrian Archduchess (Empress) Maria Theresa slowly divided Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lands for themselves. And Poland disappeared from the map till the end of World War I (1918)

Actually Sobieski and the duke Charls of Lorreine planned the whole battle weeks in andvance since they know the position of Kara Mustafa ottoman army around Vienna , Imperial army attacked first acting as a "bite" locking most of the ottoman army on the left, exposing their right side (front from khalenberg hill) becouse the terrain ottomans would not expect an enemy army from there , also presence of Sobieski himself and the whole krown Polish commonwealth army was kept a secret (and they achived insane surprise effect ), It was enough that ottomans saw the banner of Sobieski and Polish crown army on the hill of khalenberg (after being pushed back the whole day by the imperial army on the left flank) to full rout , the battle was over before the charge becouse they were already running for theyir lives , thats how much they were scared of Sobieski becouse a previous war Sobieski fought against the ottomans in 1672 which was total mayhem , craziest battle of which was 2nd battle of Chocim (siedge of a full supplied star fort occupied by the ottomans) 25k-30k Polish vs 30-40k ottomans (holding the fort) Sobieski took it in a single assault..... and took no prisoners (around 30k dead on ottoman side) and this was only the most notorious battle, Sobieski fought this whole war outnumbered and without the money to pay his army and somhow managed to win it and in the end was acclaimed as the savior of the country and chosen as King of Commonwealth (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was an elective monarchy at the time). Also becouse of that war Sobieski was known as the Lion of Lehistan (lehistan=how ottomans called Poland)

there are a lot of oversimplifications in this video as musketeers rarely shot more than one shot and even then killed maybe 3% of the winged hussars or should I stopped because as long as the horse was not hit in the head it kept charging and the effective range was 70 meters so by the time the hussars got to you you were dead. There are accounts where hussars were hit by cannonballs and survived or carried out multiple charges in a short span of time. One account states that 6-7 men were impaled by the lance and 3-4 men impaled was pretty standard. You could say that the hussars were the spec ops of it's time like the US navy seals for the lack of better reference I can think of. Oh not to mention that their armour was invulnerable to musket fire.

You should do a video on Sabaton smoking snakes

About lans best lans record before was destroyd tookt 3 people

Back in the 14th century, the Heavy Cavalry was turned mute against the Scots. Their set heavy Pikes..

Battle of Viena 1683 was the end of 200 years of history of winged hussars, with a huge number of victories. They were almost unbitable over two centuries. Imagine the battle of Kircholm (1505) where 3000 hussars smashed 15,000 Swedes, they slaughtered them. The Battle of Klushino (1610) - 6000 hussars against 35,000 Russians - similar result. Over and over again, battle after the battle over two centuries. In the year 1621, just 520-560 hussars defeated 10,000 Turks in the First Battle of Khotyn. 10 years before the battle of Vienna, King Jan III Sobieski smashed Ottoman Empire's 30,000 army in the second battle of Khotyn (1673). But it was just heavy cavalry - don't forget Polish light cavalry, dragoons. Pretty much the same time, parallel to hussars, considered as the best light cavalry in Europe. A Number of times they slaughtered Swedish or Turks light cavalry or infantry. However modern Polish scholars believe, that hussars barely used wings during combat. Earlier, it was believed that wings' purpose was to scare enemy horses, however according to more recent researches, wings were too inconvenient during the battles - it would limit "towarzysz's" (companion's) movement flexibility on the horse. It is believed now, that only some companions were using wings during real combat. Contemporary wisdom of winged hussars was created only by artists, depicting hussars always with wings. One last thing - the pennant on hussar's lance, was to scare enemy's horses. During the horse's gallop, the pennant was generating large noise. Multiplied by noise generated by many pennants was really noisy.

Eastern Europeans impacted early America....look into West Point..and the artillery manual...it is a Pole who wrote it....

Ngl thought those wings were on their backs rather than on the saddle 😅

I really hate that comparison between tanks and shock cavalry. The two types of warfare are just barely comparable. Tanks are more like if you could mount a trebuchet on a horse or something, there's just not anything like a tank on a pre industrial battlefield. I know it's an oversimplification for people who aren't massive military history nerds, it's just a pet peeve of mine.

Next "Far from the fame" ;)

Fun fact about the 1683 Vienna battle: Because of their major victory against the Ottoman Empire, the Austrians decided to commemorate their success with something amazing and accesible for most: food. They created what we now call the “croissant” because of its resemblance to the moon in the ottoman flag, symbolizing that they “ate” their enemy during battle. Some sources say that it was also because some bakers spotted ottoman soldiers outside of the city walls in the middle of the night, but this hasn’t been confirmed. So the croissant isn’t actually French, it’s from Austria, it was adopted as a symbol of France because of Marie Antoinette, who was actually Austrian as well :)

you should react to ghost division by sabaton history

Super!!!

wings were made to scare enemys horses

THEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!!!!!!

Hope one day you react some napoleon epic history tv videos

You are correct when you say about the division line in the middle of Germany because the USA is practically o copy of Poland of the time when it comes to the US law and I could prove it since every law th US is proud of screaming freedom is just a few hundred years behind the PLC.

Then the Winged Hussars arrived.

Pozdrawiam z Polski😊

Those 3 provinces near Ottoman Empire are Transilvania , Valachia ( Țara Românească) and Moldavia , all like you said in the video , satellites of the Ottoman Empire. Romania as a country is not until 1859 formed from these 3 provinces

In all of history eastern powers, empires and their vassals,funnily enough come just up to Poland, and not a step further xD