Big thanks to the Doctor for teaching us in her second language!!!

We should really take notice of how she speaks about "what we know". She speaks like a scientist. No claims, no agenda.... just the facts and logical inferences. Compare her style to a pseudoscience type- they leap to conclusions. They emphasize only what they think 'proves' their interpretation. One side works from what they know with qualifications and exceptions. One side starts from what they hope and sells it. Great interview DM!

Love the shorts, but man do I crave the long form videos. Excited to watch through this video.

Thank you Dr. Baldacci and Miano; having a researcher talk about the topic was a huge treat. 6:24 Gold is a very soft metal; unless alloy.

I'd never heard of the disk before so, as an appreciator of interesting ancient artifacts, it was a special pleasure to hear this interview with Dr. Balducci. Thanks.

Honestly this video just made my day. Growing up my grandma would always tell me stories about our family back on crete (plaka in chania to be specific), combine that with being a huge fan of history equals the minoans and what little we do know of them always being very important to me to understand in my free time. I remember as a little kid i came up with a theory that the phaistos disk was actually a ritual calendar lol, oh how much i had to learn. Shoutout to fellow venetian gal Giorgia too for her insight, she's awesome!

Love this! I actually have a pendant necklace of the Phaistos disk that my husband got for me in Greece. It's cool to learn even more about it!

Thank you for all your efforts in sharing your knowledge. It's unfortunate that other pseudoscience channels get millions of subscribers and yours doesn't, yet. Your videos are good and valuable for education. I appreciate your efforts and hope you understand what help you are giving future learning generations. My son is only 3, but he'll be learning from your videos soon if I have anything to say about it. 👍🖖👋

Enjoyable thank you. How wonderful it must be to study archaeology in Venice. I visited Knossos as a young man and remember they had what they said is the oldest known theatre and so I stood on the stage area and recited some Shakespeare. I know the Theatre of Dionysus makes the same claim but the theatre of Knossos is 1000 years older although considerably smaller and only seats around 400 people. I'd planned to return to Crete in 2020 for the first time in 30 years but sadly I missed out for obvious reasons and don't imagine I'll ever visit there again now or anywhere else for that matter. It's a beautiful island and I highly recommend visiting as there are many beautiful sites to see as well as beaches and caves to explore. Although I'm sure it has changed a great deal, I'd recommend visiting late in the year as it is still warm but not so hot you can not explore the ruins and there will be far fewer tourists.

The moveable type bit is by far the most interesting aspect of this artifact. It would seem a little excessive to make all the signs ONLY for creating this object, so maybe more artifacts with similar imprints will surface. Either way, the linear A (and earlier) cultures of Crete are very interesting indeed.

Dr Giorgia has a musical cadence I could listen to for hours. In my very scientific opinion, it's clearly the world's first record album. The "symbols" are the lyrics. That is why some words are repeated. It's the chorus!

Saw this disc at a museum in Crete, such a captivating artifact.

everytime I watch one of your vidoes, I am struck by how glad I am its here. I have always loved history and you present it so well.

What an interesting artifact. I love learning about the Minoans.

This was a wonderful interview. Thank you for this. I would love to hear or read more by Giorgia!

This is why I love your channel! You always have great guests and cover great subjects Dr M!

Woah. I had no idea that moveable type existed so long ago. I’d love to see a video looking at that in more depth

Her expression in English is amazing. What a brilliant interview. Thankyou!

I appreciate this presentation of the Phaistos Disk and a reasonable scientific discussion. Thank you Dr Miano and Dr Baldacci

I think it could be: a) a record of royal lineage (each symbol for a family member) b) a calendar c) a board game, possibly for children

Fascinating, as you say Dr. Miano! I bought a brass copy of this disk on my first trip to Greece in the 1970's, which included Crete. The copy had a hole and was strung on a leather thong. I've moved several times and don't know where this souvenir is. It was too large and heavy to be used on a keychain [except for a hotel, that is]. About the repetition being religious, there is a second possibility, political hagiography of the monarch. Minos, by the Grace of Zeus, ruler of the sea, ruler of Knossos, Ruler of Phaistos, ruler of the Helenes, etc. She is right, though, that without more examples no scientifically valid conclusion even rises to the level of hypothesis, remaining just a notion. Keep up the great work!

Holy sheesh!!! Good thing I found your channel. I'm getting crazy with the megalithic, pre-flood or ancient high technology videos.

I really enjoyed Dr. Baldacci's explanations, what a great interview!

I really appreciate this video. I had heard of the disk in passing previously, but this was an excellent opportunity to really learn something about it. Thank you David!

Dr. Baldacci's Italian accent is quite wonderful.

The Minoan civilization is so fascinating! I had never heard of this artifact until this video. Great content as always.

my thoughts were: there is a definite beginning, the center of the spiral, and proceeds outward. And after she talked about the repetitions, I thought of family names and how they are reused generation after generation. So, is this a lineage, he asks rhetorically?

@World of Antiquities You never disappoint and the level of learning from your video discussions is phenomenal. I applaud you and thank you for sharing your knowledge and wisdom with us!

The Minoans are fascinating. I love your interviews.

awesome, grazie Dr. Giorgia Baldacci!

I have a replica of this on my school desk.

Channel is growing in leaps and bounds! I knew it would. Keep up the great work. 100k is just around the corner.

An excellent interchange between two researchers of past civlizations. Dr Baldacci shows us how archaeologists are really like detectives who try to unearth facts to allow us to fill in the dotted lines of what really happened all those thousands of years ago. What I see from the disk is it may have been a sort of baked clay history book; I believe it was a clay book that may have been made to inform future generations of what had happened in the Minoan culture to the time it was made. Was it a learning tool?

Thank you.

Loving this series, David.

Almost 40k subs! Great to see, congrats!

Yusss! Love me some Minoan civilisation content 😄

A copy of the disk is one of my souvenirs from a trip to Greece. Thanks for the refresher.

Thank you dottoressa Baldacci, and thank you doctor miano

Fascinating topic! Thank you, Dr Miano.

This was a good conversation. Thankyou for asking the question about why linear A cant be translated from linear B.

Another great episode! I always assumed that the script on the Phaistos Disk was Linear A so I really appreciate you both clearing that up. Thank you!

Thank You for the Vid and Thank You Dr. Giorgia Baldacci - Appreciated

Fascinating subject, I like your approach Professor Miano. Would be interesting to see a video from your channel about prehistoric non indoeuropean lenguages. Great channel, cheers!

Great video as always! Had read about the disk a few times before back in University, but always assumed it was like in Linear A or Cretan Hyroglyphs. But to know it's in a different script completely, and that all these writing systems (Cretan Hyroglyphs, Linear A and the Phaistos Disk one) were pretty much being used at the same time, really makes you think about how the Minoans related to writing. So sad we can't read any of it though

brillant presentation. Thank you David.

This series is awesome, gone through several of em the last days even in brakes of shifts. Very very interesting looking forward for more cuz most of them where just unknown for me. Ancient people where just awesome ❤️

That's the Minoan equivalent of "Jumanji". No wonder they all suddenly disappeared.

What a pleasure to hear from an expert about this artifact. Its very interesting.

This was such a great interview...I had to watch it again... she's fantastic and I love her accent.. Thank you, thank you, thank you!

Very interesting video! Thanks for sharing your search, and Giorgia is so knowledgeable! I bought a miniature pin (a kind of broche) of this disk in Greece and dove into the meaning of it today. I hope it will be translated some day. I'm wearing the pin to work next week, great conversation starter!

Great Video, I enjoyed the deep dive in one object and its background

excellent video as always

I really enjoyed this video, thank you.

Thank you for posting this video. Its probably the one of the most imformative videos about this topic and I really enjoyed it.

Thanks for the great content 👍

Love this stuff, so fascinating!

Thank you so much for your guest! I’ve always wondered the link between Linear A and linear b and why one couldn’t be deciphered with the other. Very informative thank you.

Very interesting. Thanks!

I really enjoyed that one. I can't say that I have heard of this disk before, but I have heard about Minoan culture before.

Thanks for sharing❣

It would be fascinating to know the language they spoke and might give us an insight to pre indo European languages spoken in Europe by the Neolithic near eastern farmers.

Being a center of trade, who is to say where it really came from and who really made it.? My first thought was ; Is that a boomerang? So, wish I knew more. What a fascinating field to be educated in. Thanks World of Antiquity for bringing this artifact to us.

Excellent. Thank you.

This is fascinating, never heard of this disk til this video

At first Giorgia seems to be reading from a script, but later it just seems like she actually speaks that way and it's more like she's sometimes quoting things she's written herself. I'm curios about which stamps are known from Linear B. A bigger question is: How many ancient scripts are undeciphered? Besides the Minoan ones there's Harappan, and I imagine there are quite a few texts in known scripts like Egyptian, Mayan and Sumerian which defy understanding. I'm in love with Dr. Balducci. Please shoot me.

Fascinating. I was always mesmerized by the Minoan civilization, was waiting for a video on that topic form you Also, I binged watched all your “busting” videos, and now I moved to other series. Hope you get invited to Joe Rogan or smthng, I feel like boom in popularity of “alternative history”, is at least partially caused by miserable answers of unprepared Michael Shermer, during debates with Hancock. I love to imagine, how different it would have gone, If you were on Michales place I used to like Hancock, but then realized he is more of a fiction writer, rather than a scholar. Moreover a very dogmatic one. Scientific exploration of history, is much more complicated and requires more effort, but in the end much more rewarding. Love your work!

Good stuff man!

Top quality content. Thank a lot!

When I first saw an image of this disk, the Maltese tal-Qadi stone fragment came to mind. It would be interesting to examine whether the temple builder culture of the Maltese islands is related in any way to the Cretan, Minoan, and other related cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean. As far as multi-lingual perspectives are concerned, this is very valid when it comes to Mediterranean Islands and can be seen throughout history. Taking the Maltese context as an example, archeological evidence suggests that at the crossroads of the BC/AD Millenium, Phoenician, Greek, and Latin (Roman) were all in use locally. Going forward a thousand years, we again find Latin, Greek, and Arabic in Sicily and Malta, being written/spoken during the same period. Coming forward another odd millennium, one finds Maltese, English, and Italian being used together. It is hence highly probable that this phenomenon of multi-culturalism or at least multi-linguistic tendencies were also present in Crete and elsewhere.

Love this and it reminds me of a day plan

Love to hear your thoughts on the stone pots/jars found under the step pyramid.

These are the facts as we know it! It doesn’t get better than this.

Grazie dott.ssa Baldacci per la presentazione interessantissima!

This was great! More ancient artifacts please! 👍 I also like floor plans with artist renderings of ancient buildings 👍 7 Wonders of the Ancient World series?🤔

Really like this artifacts video. I would definitely be interested in seeing you analyse other artifacts with guest experts.

Fascinating!

Will be listening to this while in the Crete archeology museum 👍🙌

Love your videos.

Thank you💙

WoA is fast becoming one of my favourite KZfaq channels!

What a fascinating artifact.

Great interview. She is an expert indeed, wow.

Very interesting presentation… should I say historically enlightening. Bravo! It would be very interesting to match (if possible) the clay content to a particular site… and even more helpful if a cache of matching metal stamps were discovered… the more complete a set of stamps; the better. As an after thought… in finding out the source of the clay… and where it was made… archaeologists may indeed find a cache of the stamps/tools used to impress the inscription. Probably whimsical thinking on my part… 😀

I’ve just come back from a holiday in Crete and visiting the Heraklion Archaeological Museum where the Phaistos Disk is on display. During the visit I walked around the disk and had a ‘Eureka moment’ when I glanced up and noticed a wall fresco in one of the other displays. The wall fresco showed several wave swirls which appear to ‘spin’ or ‘turn’ in the same anti-clockwise direction as the hieroglyphs on the Phaistos Disk. It could suggest a connection between the undeciphered text on the disk and the sea, which would be consistent with the marine themes seen in Minoan art and decoration, and the maritime empire that the Minoan civilisation had. If partial translations of the hieroglyphs are correct (such as by Owens) that the disk shows a religious text to a pregnant or mother goddess, then it would seem likely that the swirl-like pattern of the hieroglyphs might indicate a religious text to a sea goddess too. The only Eastern Mediterranean goddess I know that is both a pregnant or mother goddess, and a sea goddess is Asherah. This conclusion is also consistent with an earlier form of Greek mythology being practiced as Asherah is the ‘Queen of the Gods’ which in her shorten name form would be Shera or Hera. Furthermore, one of the symbols of Asherah is the palm tree and if you look at Minoan art there are several palms depicted suggesting again a possible connection with the goddess. Regarding the language of the hieroglyphs I see similarities with some of the undeciphered Indus valley civilisation hieroglyphs (e.g. the upright fish symbol). These similarities are increased when you also consider the uniform city plans with numerous small rooms of each civilisation, the municipal water supply systems, the common worship or importance of the bull, the lack of significant fortifications around cities, the maritime nature of each civilisation, etc. Taken together these geographical similarities could suggest the Cretan hieroglyphs represent an early form of an Indo-European language.

I have seen it in person, it’s nice and disk like. This museum has many lovely artifacts. Crete is awesome. The archeological museum in Athens has a nice machinisme you should go see. Btw I have been really enjoying your videos. I discovered your channel last week. Thanks for the interesting content. I’m looking forward to watching more of your videos.

It was a great pleasure to hear Dr. Baldacci speak; struggling, a bit, to convey very specific information in what is clearly her second, or third, or fourth language. Do we know if the disk shows signs of regular handing, i.e. worn patches around the edges, or minor damage? I'm curious to know how often this artifact was "employed". Unless it was regularly displayed in a holder (as in the museum) it would be more convenient to hold it, possibly rotating it as it's "read", and then flipping it over.

Fascinating

As a new subscriber, this is the first fresh drop for me and I couldn’t be more excited to watch and then add it to my sleep playlist 😎

Thank you Dr Miano and Dr Baldacci. ...I think it's a shopping list, I see Ritz crackers, hair jell, a swiffer duster.

Really interesting

Great stuff, thanks. Forget the pseudoscience, this is the good stuff.

I thought that thumbnail was a pecan pie! Way to grab my attention LOL

Someone obviously went to a LOT of effort to create 45 different stamps that made the impressions. I would not think that this was done just for this one object. My guess is that someone needed those stamps to make it easier for them to make several items using those 45 patterns. Those stamps would be most likely from fired clay - there is no basis for saying they were metal (or gold) unless you found one. Also, there is no basis for saying that this was religious. It could be wise sayings, laws, song lyrics, recipes, public notices etc. I don't like when anything that is unknown is immediately labeled "religious" or "ceremonial". Good video - enjoyed it. p.s. liked and subscribed

Regarding the Minoan language: The oldest language was a pictographic writing system developed around 2000 BCE known as the Cretan hieroglyphs. Another group of signs was identified as Linear A, developed around 1700 BCE. While Cretan hieroglyphs have a pictorial appearance, Linear A has a linear appearance. It has been speculated that both Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A represent the same language. Minoan civilization had trade contacts with the advanced Middle Eastern civilizations, with Egypt being the most influential. It is likely that the earliest Minoan writing (Cretan hieroglyphs) was modelled after the Middle Kingdom Egyptian hieroglyphs. Although superficially indeed similar to Egyptian symbols, Cretan Hieroglyphs are clearly distinct in both form and phonetic value. Yet the biggest difference lies in the underlying system itself. Egyptian Hieroglyphs are part of a complex writing system, where most signs have more than one possible reading, dependent on context (similarly to the Japanese Kanji characters). Signs could have both a phonetic (single consonant or syllable) value or an ideogrammatic (word) reading, but could even be utilized as phonetic complements or logograms (a written character that represents a word or phrase, like in Chinese), “reinforcing” the reading of words they were attached to. As many of these duplicities could only be interpreted by a native speaker of Old Egyptian, this system was very difficult to utilize for speakers of foreign languages. Also, the Egyptian system had over 800 different signs, which is an extremely large inventory of symbols compared to Cretan Hieroglyphs (roughly 85 or so different signs are known). Linear A signs identified ranges from 77 to 85 according to different scholars, suggesting that this was a syllabic writing system. Minoan scribes might have took the concept of writing from Egypt, creating their own signs and simplifying the system so that it became almost fully phonetic. Such a low number of individual characters is uncharacteristic of the complex writing systems of the ancient Near East, but it is fully compatible with a simple syllabary (reminiscent of the modern Japanese Hiragana or Katakana writing). Thus, some assume that Cretan Hieroglyphs, similarly to all later Aegean writing systems, were already syllabic in nature. Other scholars see Semitic influences / a relationship to Mesopotamian writings in the Minoan language, but these depend solely on Semitic loanwords, such as “sesame”, a word that appears in both Linear A and B (and also in ENGLISH). One thing is clear: After the rebuilding of the palatial complexes on Crete (with the advent of the so-called “New Palace Period”) the Hieroglyphic script fell out of regular use. A new script has taken its place, called Linear A. The relationship of Linear A and Hieroglyphics is probably comparable to the relation between Egyptian Hieroglyphic and Hieratic/Demotic script. Current available evidence suggests that the underlying system remained essentially the same; it is the shape of signs that suffered profound change due to graphical simplification. Linear A was used much more extensively than Hieroglyphs. Hundreds of clay tablets, inscribed vessels, statues, altarstones and even jewelery testifies its daily use. The triumph of Linear A is also striking in a geographical sense: Wherever Cretan traders went, Linear A followed. Perhaps due to the simplicity of the syllabary, it quickly spread to other regions surrounding Crete. While regularly used on many Aegean islands, sporadic finds suggest that it also reached the Greek mainland as well as the island of Cyprus and the Syrian coast.

Very cool.

Lovely!

Amazing 💞

I think the disc is a game board. Some symbols are on other ancient games such as the Royal Game of Ur. I think probably each of the symbols has a meaning to what to do with game pieces from perhaps die or throwing sticks. Stamping letters really was unknown back then. But stamping GAME BOARDS was common.

It looks like a game to me. I've got a replica which I purchased in Greece about 40 years ago because I was mesmerized by it. It's hung in all my homes since. One day I hope to learn what it is.