This was a great one. I really appreciate the 1 on 1 conversations. They are always deeper, more historical, more coherent, and more educational in my opinion, than the big panels are.

WSF is one of the best most amazing things to exist.

Im a registered nurse, never took a physics class in my life, but I love these videos and have learned so much from them. I also have a huge crush on Brian Greene, as I think, judging from the comments, many others do, too! 😊Thank you for such interesting information! Cheers from PA, USA

Thank you for such an amazing talk. James is very inspiring and modest, makes things easy to understand, thanks WSF!

I watched an interview with Nobelaureate David Gross. The interviewer asked Gross "what's everything made of?" and handed him the microphone. She settled in for a long answer. His response "two quarks and an electron" and he handed the mic back. This interview had a similar impact on me. James Peebles has a no-nonsense, cut-to-the-heart approach that is very insightful and refreshing. Bravo Brian Greene!

I can't wait!!!!! This will be my first time actually seeing this live

Brian greene is a legend

Combining enlightening Information with subtle humour, great guests and conveying the content in a understandable way makes this a special channel to me (and so many !) 👏 Thanks a lot from Germany for promoting science in times when facts are so often disregarded 👍

What a beautiful interview. Peebles is fantastic proof that strenuous use of your brain will keep you sharp at every age.

This is one of the best and most inspiring episodes I have seen. Dr. Peebles really enjoys the ideas of not being certain, hence creating an atmosphere of discovery, as well as inspiring new ways of thinking about the universe.

Amazing Talk. James Peebles is fantastic! So clear and simple in the way he speaks and so wiling to say there are things he can't even guess at. One your best guests, Brian.

This reminds me of years ago on Christmas morning, when the kids were trying to work out how Santa got all those toys down the chimney and placed them around the room and them asking how Santa knew just which presents each of them would like. If I'd have told them they just appeared from nothing, they would never have believed me.

Two great minds, I liked watching them talk back then in the documentary Beyond the Big bang.

This is one of my favorites ever! What an excellent interview.

This was a great conversation as always. Loved the way Prof. Peebles discussed his ideas, they really gotta have people like him and Prof. Greene in classrooms.

Fabulous. Every word. ty

It’s so great how ticket prices are so reasonable. Thank you!

I'm literally reading peeble's Principles of Physical Cosmology right now and this episode showed up in my feed

An incredible conversation with two incredible humans. Thank you.❤

Thank you for such inspiring talk. 👏🏼

This is a most fantastic conversation ^.^ TY Brian ^.^

Fabulous 👌 well done brian green, legend

Fascinating discussion, especially concerning Professor Peebles’ clear description of his creative and curious approach to understanding the universe.

That was amazing. Thank youvDt. Greene

Wow, that was a great discussion. Thank you WSF!!!

😊 beautiful....this is how I live my live, watching better people than myself.

Mr.Peebles might be the best speaker; in the literal sense, that I've seen on this program.

This was flawless. SO interesting. Thank you for putting it together and thank you both for your knowledge that we can gain just a glimpse of, but how satisfying! I love that it ended with questions. I was surprised! I thought we knew why many galaxies form spiral arms... Now my curiosity is piqued.

Wonderful work as always!!!

The universe doesn't make men like this anymore. The pressure applied by corporations on staff has ended his kind. Very enjoyable discussion with a beautiful human.

Thanks ... an absolutely wonderful interview!!

I absolutely enjoyed this dialogue. ❤❤❤

Another gem. Loved it. I never heard details of cosmology being explained in such clear, obvious and non-standard terms.

so awesome thanks so much for this

Thank you so much for this. ❤

Thank you. So illuminating,

The universe is very complex. Sublime. Wow.

Hurrah! 🌟🎉🌟

So fascinating.

Very exciting to listen to Peebles...

Excellent interview and guest. Complex issues where discussed and presented in a way that was understandable to a non expert. Thank you.

Thank you.

Astoundingly good!

Thank you!💚🎵🌈♾

Adore you Brian.....you make it fun....❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤.

Thanks great discussion. As for why there is nothing at all, it is clear nothing is unstable, it tends to decay to something. That is self evidently true.

Fascinating

I love this channel

Brian you really are doing great work with these questions. And very good answers from James as well! Dark matter and Dark energy are "patches". Well said!

Weirdly, every night when i go to sleep, i open any of these physics debates and listen them with my eyes closed, while imagining images that i find relaxing.... And i get Weirdly WONDERFUL Dreams too 😅

Awesome discussion

Kudos

Great!!!!

Excellent

WONDERFUL!!!!

Thanks for the wake-up call. We are specials but not so special now ,aren't we 😂😂

Having a smart friend in your discipline to bounce things off of, especially when they have a radically different way of looking at things, can be very productive. As a retired engineer, I too enjoyed my physics classes, such that they were, meaning pretty fundamental. I can certainly see where theoretical physics and creating experiments to test them could be a lot of fun. "... bosses allowed them to keep going". NO KIDDING. So incredibly interesting to get these guys that were in the soup at the time, so to speak, talking about that history. It will be a boon to future students wanting to get the real scoop, including historians. I would think if you calculated the chances of a motor burning and hitting a released package, at least one that was distant at all, would be very low, unless you were still actively maintaining the pointing vector of the booster stage. That is nuts. Talk about frustration. Now if it hit very soon after the separation, that chance increases. Murphy sucks. "Is that a hint?". I know how he feels, getting old sucks. What a superb talk. He tamps it down to the point that non physicists can keep up, easily.

I admire the great maps of the standard galaxy ..that provide us to study further...

i love these gentlemen

"Maybe its inevitable that such brilliant intuition must go along with a certain dislike of authority" :)

Great 🎉

On stage a man link of Physics and Cosmology , CMB to dark matter loop of non baryonic mass. Another new link of Super symmetry and repulsive gravity. This discussion is versatile for all levels. Science with pictures.

Nice

Cosmology would be boring if we already had all those answers discussed at the end there.

Good question. What we left out is that we are saying blackholes instead of saying bright spots because everything we see in the space is same color with uncountable of stars including the sun. Ok. Let put into scale which is bigger the unoccupied space or sum up of the stars occupied space. It the like the question of the paper with the dot and you ask a person what do you see. They respond a dot without mentioning the rest of the paper, you holding and whole background behind you. This was a great discussion. I will watch it again for sure. Thank so much our seniors.

The best.

The real question is why there are massive clumps of matter to form Galaxies but with such great distance between, as the material concentrates it increases the distance and thus vacuum energy between it and another galaxy which helps to explain the growing distances but why there is distance in the First place seems puzzling.

Wow! Fantastic conversation and extremely exciting for young physicists.

Wonderful discussion. Thank you

Oh you young LEARN LEARN FROM THIS GENIOUS ❤

❤

(at 43:52) Tycho Brahe was not 2000 years ago. Look at Brian being polite when Jim blotches that one. It was a good talk. Jim is such a significant figure in the field. Priceless stuff. So is the heads up that there are live shows this month. My intuition tells me G.R. is flawed. I know there's multiple experiments pointing to both Dark Matter and Dark Energy but are any of them independent of General Relativity. If not why isn't this being talked about? I admire Einstein's genius too but gravity is a tough concept. Unless you have actually worked on Gravitational theory it might be hard to grasp how seriously elusive it is. Thanks again Brian

20:40 Gamow's "intuition" is actually the realization of the academic knowledge he received from his teacher. P.S. Almost all peoples have myths about the beginning of the universe, but the first scientist who spoke about the "creation of the world" (literally) is Alexander Friedmann, who, with his solution of Einstein's equations, gave a scientific explanation to this phenomenon. Moreover, without any astronomical observations, he was able in his article (1922) to theoretically estimate the age of the Universe: about 10 billion years. (!) Friedmann's student Gamov also calculated (1948) this value as (1-10)K without astronomical data, that is, before the detection of the relic radiation. (!) P.P.S. "All thoughts that have huge consequences are always simple."(Leo Tolstoy).

May I suggest MOND due to the fractilization of space itself by black holes, and also recursional unconscious, creational dynamics... Thank you for posting, I appreciate your effort in making this video. You are cleaning peoples minds :-) Bodhisattva.

❤🙏❤🙏❤

"You need to discover what we left out of this theory" All of the people who watched this great interview is going to suffer anxiety attacks night after night

Are we able to measure the rate of collapse of star-forming nebulae, and if so, is this rate of collapse consistent with the matter we can see, or is there also unaccounted dark matter coming into play here, as with that in galaxies?

.....Tycho Brahe lived between1546-1601....

I just learned that nearly 1% of the static you find in old televisions is from the cosmic microwave background radiation. It used to be an irritant. Now, I am constantly in awe of it as I realize its connection with the Big Bang. It's no longer some random signal from the void. It's home calling out to us.

If you think about it, the cosmos started as one lone graviton that divided exponentially! 🤔

You guys need to do an *experiment.*

Was this interview part of the festival, or was it the entire festival?

The disc nature could also be related to massive magnetic fields being created by the Black hole also limiting the position of surrounding stars. Again just guesses. If you think about magnetic field patterns there are loops to the "north" and "south" with the lines eminating more to the east and west which could help to constrain stars into the planes without the loops but more linear features on the "East" "West" planes.

The ending felt like he's gonna take that 💩 to the grave cause he ain't helping no one steal that nobel 😂 I wouldn't either.

No one in the comment section expressed amazement how and why light illuminated the dark universe. So, with cyclic universe the same illumination goes on from cycle to cycle. What triggered this? The answer lies in the fact that infinite complexity becomes deterministic, this is where divine design finds water, as life, consciousness, soul and faith etc., are all metaphysical fundamentals.

It is simple. Prof Neil Turok has a theory that solves numerous issues including but not only Dark Matter. It is the Universe/Antiunivers pair. Prof Turoks theory makes testable predictions.

49:39 "A purely algebraic theory is required to describe reality." (Einstein, January, 1955). Maybe GR was QG… “The geometry of space in general relativity theory turned out to be another field, therefore the geometry of space in GR is almost the same as the gravitational field.” (Smolin). However apparently, the gravitational field is space-time in the Planck system: F(G)/F(e)=Gm(pl)^2/e^2=1/α, that is, gravity~strong interaction*. This assumption follows from the Schwarzschild solution: the gravitational radius (or Schwarzschild radius) is a characteristic radius defined for any physical body with mass: r(G)=2GM/c^2 Consequently: 2E(0)/r(G)=F(pl)=c^4/G=ε(pl)/r(pl): with indicating the mutual quantization of the mass (energy) and space-time: m(0)//m(pl)=r(G)/2r(pl)=n,where n-total number of quanta of the system; the tension vector flux: n=[(1/4π)(Gћc)^-½]gS ( const for all orbits of the system: n=0,1,2,3....). Moreover, the parameter r(0)=r(G)-r(pl)=(2n-1)r(pl), defining the interval of the formation of the system, at n=0, when r=r(G)=0 (for example, the state of the "universe" before the Big Bang) turns out to be a quite definite quantity: r(0)=-r(pl). In the area [(-rpl) - 0 - (+rpl)] there is an implementation of external forces, "distance": (-rpl)+(+rpl)=0 (≠2rpl). On the Kruskal diagram of the hyperbole r=0 corresponds to the true Schwarzschild feature, the features V and VI are not even covered by the global (R, T)- space-time and correspond to the "absolute" vacuum; then the singular areas above and below the hyperbolas r=0 can be formally treated as the energy source (external forces). That is, the frightening "true singularity" is actually a superconducting heterotrophic "window" between the proto-universe (the source) and physical bodies**. P.S. As a fundamental theory, GR has the ability with just one parameter: r(G)/r=k to predict, explain new physical effects, and amend already known ones. Photon frequency shift in gravitational field Δw/w(0)=k; the angle of deflection of a photon from a rectilinear propagation path =2k, the Newtonian orbit of the planet shifts forward in its plane: during one revolution, a certain point of the orbit is shifted by an angle =3πk, for a circular orbit (eccentricity е=0); in the case of an elliptical orbit - for example, for perihelion displacement, the last expression must be divided by (1-e^2). ------------------- *) - GR predicts a new physical effect: w/w(pl)=k; expression for gravitational radiation from a test body. This is amenable to physical examination in laboratory conditions at present. **) - From this, generally, from Einstein's equations, where the constant c^4/G=F(pl), one can obtain a quantum expression (as vibration field) for the gravitational potential: ф(G)=(-1/2)[Għ/с]^½ (w)=-[h/4πm(pl)]w. Final formula:ф(G)=-[w/w(pl)]c^2/2, where ф(G) - is Newtonian gravitational potential, r(n')=nλ/π=(n+n')2r(pl)l , the corresponding orbital radius, w - the frequency of the quanta of the gravitational field (space-time); - obviously, the quanta of the field are themselves quantized: λ=(1+n'/n)λ(pl) = 2πc/w, where n'/n - system gravity unpacking ratio, n'- the orbit number (n'=0,1,2,3…). Obviously, on the horizon [r=r(rG), n'=0] the "door" is closed, however, the quanta [λ=λ(pl)] can go out singly through the "keyhole" and form the first and all subsequent orbits (n'=1,2, 3 ...) during the time t(0)=r/c=2nт, where т=1/w, т=((1+n'/n)т(pl), spending part of their energy on it each time. And it is this mechanism that provides the step-by-step formation of the gravitational field ( expansion of the space-time): of course, the quanta coming through the "window" are also rhythmically restored. The phase velocity of evolution v' = r(pl)w: m(0)=(c/G)rv', where v'=v^2/c. The angular momentum: L(p)=|pr|=n^2ћ [const for all orbits of the system; at n=1: L(p)=ћ] and moment of power: M(F)=dL(p)/dt(0)=nћw/2=-E(G),where t(0)=r/c. Entropy (here: a measure of diversity/variety, not ugliness/disorder) of the system: S=πε(pl)r(t)=(n+n')k, where k is the Boltzmann constant. Obviously, with fundamental irreversibility, information is preserved (+ evolves): n=const for all orbits of the system. Accordingly, m=m(pl)/(1+n'/n), where m=ħw/c^2, is the quantum of the full mass: M=n'm [

As a guess, I think the black holes and surrounding stars are forming concurrently so questions of what came first are not the key to it. I am guessing due to the jets that eminate from the developing Black hole that material cannot surround the Black hole in a ball shape and thus forces the stars to spiral in a disc plane, the energies involved in the jets wouldn't allow for stars to surround the Black hole in a ball like fashion, hence the disc like fashion. Just a guess.

does the background radiation temperature ,2.3k, drop over time? Or will it retain its value

i think i have physics intuition but not passion , so im just not sure how i best learn. maybe non baryonic matter just needs to be closer together to exhibit more energy, and baryonic gravitation pulled it apart enough (by forces and gravity) to be cold now even if it wasn't cold in the past..? maybe when there's less baryonic matter pulling it apart, whatever dark energy "is" simply can't stay hot enough for our instruments to detect..? that's why some ppl believe the dark stuff has physical properties beyond just "leftovers from the big bang", while others think it could interact vary differently (with itself) depending on some unification (of forces) in the past that kept it together but has now spread out and formed massive webs of baryonic matter amidst a cold foam?

@32:15 Dark Matter is prone to Gravity (effecting it)?

After the slit experiment both particles behave differently.. how does relativity apply here.. In Quantum I think it's a difference.. I may be wrong .. but just wondering

Please capturing dark matter on video wave light and dark Brian please one chance

Please capturing dark matter and light waves lateral please one chance to prove on video

Could larger galaxies in the past indicate a more linear non-inflationary universe?

The moment a particle is a wave; it has to be a conscious wave! Gravity is the conscious attraction among waves to create the illusion of particles, and our experience-able Universe. Max Planck states: "Consciousness is fundamental and matter is derived from Consciousness". Life is the Infinite Consciousness, experiencing the Infinite Possibilities, Infinitely. We are "It", experiencing our infinite possibilities in our finite moment. Our job is to make it interesting!

I will work on it. :)

big lad

Anything foundational has to be dimensionless for dimensionality to exist. Because it must equal cancel itself for a quantity to compute.

Thank you