He is a genius who appears once every 100 years.

Beethoven biographer Edmund Morris reports that when Beethoven played in Prussia, he so stunned his listeners that "they crowded around his piano, weeping." I cried as I listened here to Yunchan Lim play Beethoven. I reiterate my awe from when he overwhelmed us with his Emperor: Dear Yunchan Lim, Thank you for such dedication to your art. Thank you for every hour you spend practicing alone. Thank you for bringing us this wonderful music in its most sublime glory. And please don't ever change.

South Korea, thank you for your humble, civilized, polite Yunchan Lim, pianist, winner. His beautiful behavior is a lesson for us Westerners. 🌷🌷🌷 (The Netherlands)

I return once more and must ask: "Have we just witnessed a verifiable MIRACLE in our midst?" I am at a loss for words.

There just aren't enough superlatives to describe the talent and genius we have before us today. Such beauty in an ugly and hateful world. Blessings from somewhere beyond on us all. Did anyone notice how beautiful his hands are?

Yunchan's left hand is a blessing.

I believe this is the performance that proved to some of the toughest and serious music reviewers - who had been wondering if the whole post major-competition noise was yet another hype - that Yunchan is the real deal. He won them over. How could he not…😊

Interpreting the music through the universe of his unique perception ! Truly an angel reaching through time and space NOW ±

He is God's gift to mankind.

"Hats off, here is a genius!!" Yunchan is only 18 but plays like a 70 year old master pianist. He may have the potential to surpass virtuoso Uchida , who won second prize in Chopin competition in 1970. Hope that he does better than Ivo Pogorelich and Sultanov. He may soon be inducted to be one of the great pianists in the 21st century. Thank you so much Yunchan and Wigmore Hall. He may be a legendary artist in the making. Thank God.

Absolument incroyable de maîtrise, de sculpture sonore, d'inventivité et de tant d'autres choses.... La perfection existe-t-elle ? On a tendance à y croire après ce concert.

Listening to this concert yet again, I wonder how many of us really recognise the clearly analytical thought, time, patience and attention to every detail that Yunchan has put into it, or seen that at eighteen he was already clearly a force to be reckoned with. It's a bit like an early history of piano and delivered brilliantly, every piece in it was a masterpiece. Thank you Yunchan and Wigmore

この若さで、ここまで静謐で、流麗で、高貴で、耽美な演奏が出来るなんて… あぁ、素晴らしい才能よ… 静かに飛翔する音の連なりよ… 今、この瞬間…世界は平穏なのですね… あなたの存在のなんて輝かしいこと… ただただ、あなたの存在に感謝です…

Said it before..IMHO, the only comparison to Yunchan Lim is when Tiger Woods first debuted. Yunchan just dominates every performance, while the few but older naysayers complain about his lack of experience, or is too emotional, etc. Yunchan is a once in generation pianist and like what Tiger did for golf, Yunchan will attract more fond interest in the Classical music genre. Also, he's not the next Lang Lang or Danil or even Horowitz...he's Yunchan Lim.

Sheer genius.

William Byrd is my direct ancestor and Bach saved my soul once upon a troubled time. The young prince of classical piano, in my lounge, with their music, is the most wondrous and joyous thing. Climb every mountain, Lim Yunchan, you amazing young man, old soul.

The most amazing thing is that his play sounds attractive even to the normal listener who are not aware of piano.

So refreshing Bagatelles

14:37 my favorite Sinfonia, maybe I can learn to play it. The way he plays it touches my heart.

Yunchan Lim is, I'm pretty sure, the pianist of this generation. And maybe the generation before, too. I'm in my mid 40's, and I can't think of a single pianist who compares in my lifetime. Just amazing.

Oh my god the Bach..... beautiful... best since Gould.

Those hands are double orchestras--dual operatic productions even. He has such precise dynamic control of each note and a well-developed sense of pacing. The contrast he brings out between the two hands and even in a single phrase in one hand keeps the music fresh, intriguing, and extremely compelling. His fortes are loud, but not overwhelming. His pianos are soft and delicate and his mezzo pianos and mezzo fortes are very well placed and clear as crystal. His choices of passagework with and without pedal, with staccato or legato, with crescendo, diminuendo, or at a steady volume are also all highly refreshing and mesmerizingly beautiful. All the aesthetic nuances were most tasteful, most artfully done, and such a pleasure for me to listen to. He creates such a unique audio landscape with each piece. What wonderful storytelling! Added to that, he is neither showy nor bombastic and lets the music be the centerpiece of your attention--what excellent playing. Sometimes I wish I could've heard some of the greats play--Chopin, Liszt, Schumann (Clara), Alkan, Mendelssohn (Felix and Fanny), Cramer, Field, etc. Today, I am a little less envious of those who could. For in our generation, a true virtuoso has arrived, and his name is Yunchan Lim.

If Beethoven had heard this concert, he would have kissed not only Yunchan’s forehead (as he did with Liszt), but also his hands and his heart. He goes right into my soul, whenever I hear him play anything. He is on his own class, not only at a higher, but at a deeper level. I can only praise God for giving him to all of us in this world.

Yunchan Lim is now barely 20. But he has the musical soul of someone much older...and with decades more experience! When he performs it's like being transported to another world entirely...a world in which the music is everything!

Over the many years I have listened to many pianists, Yungchan is the very best. His playing has me at the edge of my seat, he brings me in the moment where he is. His soul is playing and my soul is deeply touched. Music in its purest form, elevated, almost astral. He is truly a genius and adds a joy to my life. Thank you Yungchan, from the bottom of my heart.

The encore is so beautifully played - makes me cry ❤

I saw an angel😂😂 piano prince, lovely

'좋아요'를 한 개만 누를 수밖에 없다는 사실이 슬프다. 하늘의 별만큼은 아니어도, 적어도 오늘 임윤찬이 연주한 음표의 숫자만큼은 누르고 싶다.

I was lucky enough to attend this concert in person. Having listened to classical music pretty much my entire life, I have never listened to anyone play music that touched my soul so deeply, and this includes the masters of the past. During the performance I was completely at the mercy of his music, my heart felt so full and I had tears in my eyes. To this day I still can’t put my finger on exactly what makes me feel this way, only that whenever I listen to him I know that I’m beholding the art of a true genius and gift to this world. He is on a completely different level and his music transcends space and time. Luckily bumped into Yunchan and team after the concert, aside from this god given talent, he is also one of the most modest, kind, selfless and bashful people I have ever met!

I can listen to Lim's piano all day.

Today news: 🎉🎉🎉 Pianist Yunchan Lim’s recital is one of the most viewed Wigmore Hall livestreams to date;❤ at his request ❤ we’ve made his recital available again online for free so our audience can relive the memory of this incredibly special concert.

Jesu, joy of man's desiring. It comforts me who had a hard time today and allows me to move on to tomorrow.

A new maestro has born.. He is the pianist we been waiting for so long. Pure talent and not exaggerate playing. He is beyond langlang. He is beyond his peer. He just stunning

I just bought my ticket for Yunchan's Carnegie Hall debut next February. I can hardly wait!!! Something marvelous to look forward to. I believe he is the greatest pianist of our time. There is something very soulful and driven about his playing. It's almost indescribable. Yet, I feel like we're witnessing a legend in the making.

The best no-coughing audience I ever heard!

Finally, renaissance music played on piano by a relevant concert pianist since Gould. Beautiful.

added high reliigiosity to classical music

연주의 훌륭함을 논하기 전에 청중을 집중하게 만드는 힘이 어마어마하다. 듣고 있으면 아니 보고 있으면 그의 연주는 손만이 아니라 온몸에서 뿜어져 나오는 것 같아 연주자만큼이나 청중도 초집중하게 되니 시간이 어떻게 가는지 모르게 된다. 그야말로 그가 이끄는 음악의 세계로 빠져드는 것이다. 클래식과 팝의 차이는 단 하나. 클래식은 긴 연주시간을 가진 음악이다. 참을 수 없을 만치 긴 ~ 시간을 참고 견딜 수 있게 해 주는 아니 잊게 해 주는 마법의 연주자만이 클래식의 세계로 청중을 인도할 수 있으니, 그런 연주자가 나타났다. 그의 이름은 임윤찬이다.

Is not like I can name all the great pianists of the last decade. I don't have much of a point of reference but as a piano student let me tell you, I have fallen for Bach with this man better than with any of my teachers. I think I get it know. Thanks Yunchan

At 1:43:33 the best live Liebestraum I ever heard!

Thanks to Yunchan Lim's performance, I came to understand Beethoven's humor properly.

No sé quantes vegades l’he sentit ja… Em moro de ganes de sentir-li tocar el “well tempered klavier” I i II. Les sinfonies de Bach m’han enamorat. Et fa emocionar en cada nota…Bravo per ell i gràcies per les bones estones que ens fas passar.

His music is 'watching music'

I've never heard of such a beautiful and wonderful Franz Liszt::Liebestraume No.3 It is as if Yunchan Lim experiences love and plays the piano. 🌹 🌈 ❤ lt is emotional and amazing to see the delicate expression of love fever, pain, bitter heart, stormy passion, sigh, tears, and devotion. When l think of Yunchan Lim, l feel like l am devoutly dedicated to the composer and respected Liszt!!

Unselfishness, purity, and nobility. He reminds me of at some point a highest priest or defender in music if it exists.

The second of the sinfonias has never sounded so lovely, he is a completely natural master of any music he plays.

Synfonia no. 5 best play ever!

Nous ne serons jamais assez reconnaissants à tous ces jeunes Prodiges d´avoir dompté et soumis leur jeunesse...aux disciplines ardues et barbares parfois, de la musique... pour satisfaire ainsi nos besoins intellectuels et affectifs en cette matière Comment ont-ils pu préservé leurs dispositions d´origine... sous le coût que cela leur a demandé en s´exerçant aux disciplines de leur entrainement ?... La rétribution de la seule Gloire en fin de compte ne doit leur sembler que bien artificiel au vu de tout de qu´ils ont du investir de leur humanité et personnalité pour être exact aux volontés des oeuvres des Maîtres leur répertoire. !... Merci humblement Messieurs les Artistes et Musiciens prodiges. Merci à la Korée du Sud de nous apporter une telle manne d´Artistes aussi beaux distingués que talentueux. Merci profond d´un mélomane âgé et ému. A qui adresse t-il Yunchan Lim... au final de cette prestation... cette déclaration d´Amour..si profonde délicate réservée et recueillie ???

윤찬님의 요청으로 위그모어홀 영상이 안내려진답니다.감동입니다.고마워요 윤찬님 ✨✨✨✨😂😂LOVE YUNCHAN LOVE WIGMOREHALL 윤찬님 음악 들으며 많은 사람들이 위로받고 있어요.음악의 아름다움을 일깨워준 피아니스트 윤찬님 빠른 쾌유를 기원합니다. 건강하게 다시 만날날을 기대하며😍😍

His repect to Gould is real lol. It's amazing a pinist with the best virtuosity in the era has also the highest spirit.

He’s the Generation Z’s answer to Evgeny Kissin! Bravissimo!

Wow, nobody plays the Bach Sinfonias in concert, maybe not even Andras Schiff. Great program overall. It's refreshing to see a young talented pianist who is brave enough to go off the beaten path and finds his way around comfortably!

I think Yunchan's honesty makes his performance very special. When he plays, he does not hide his intentions and feelings. He plays with all his heart and sincerity as much as everyone can feel. He delivers the composer's message to the audience faithfully to the score, finds hidden notes and plays them so beautifully in his own way. It seems that the audience is immersed in the music and they are greatly impressed because he does not hide himself and approaches without embellishment.

곱슬한 머릿결에 선 굵은 이목구비가 그리스 조각상을 닮은 듯한 동양의 한 음악소년이 시효가 다한 클래식에 새로운 생명을 불어넣는 실로 역사적인 장면을 두 눈과 두 귀로 목격하고 있는 것이다.

04:16 Pavana Lachrymae, I felt my breath taken for good.

Yuncham Lim, the future of the Music.

He played with all his soul.

Yunchan Lim is a rare pianist who plays the characteristics of each era from the Renaissance to the Romantic period

weight of this young man is incredible

I've never had thought about living longer. But today I found the reason to do that, which is to enjoy his music more . Especially I hope that he would play Goldberg variations live before I die.

Yunchan's left hand is for punctuation and underlining. And it gives the effect of increasing the size of the first letter of the sentence.

Thank God for giving your player to mankind!

After listening a little more to Yunchan Lim I have to say he already now is a brilliant pianist. The world is open for his genious.

Let's donate to Wigmore Hall!

What a sublime gift this young man is to all music lovers!

To wax lyrical over the timeless beauty of it all would defeat the purpose of Music itself, which in the hands of Yunchan Lim realises itself as the voice of the sublime. How he serves the art that defines him, and with such a humble heart. Yunchan, God bless you!

20:44 It's so beautiful I want to cry 😭

OMG.. Im glad this video is still alive. 😭 Everyone was surprised.

Serious, very difficult but not showy repertoire. The result: spectacular.

Yunchan Lim is composer's assistant, friend n instrument! He's playing makes a sound of nature. I wish he could be live Yunchan Lim's own undestroyable world.

악보를 완벽히 재현하는 것은 AI도 할수 있는 영역입니다. 임윤찬은 악보의 음표와 박자와 세기를 연주하는 것이 아닌 음표와 박자사이의 빈공간을 연주하고 있습니다. 공간을 채우고 당기며 끄는 19-20세기 Romantic Pianist의 연주기법을 현대적으로 완벽하고 반박못할 독특한 해석으로 계승하고있습니다. 그것은 오직 천재들의 영역이라는 느낌으로 Lipatti와 Gould가 동시에 같이 연주하는 혼란을 줍니다.

It happened to me again. I can't stop repeating his play just as his Rach No3 last June. So beautiful, so beautiful, so beautiful. .

"He is MUSIC incarnate"

I was lucky enough to witness this performance at the venue and his focus was palpable in the air! And of course I didn't know Yunchan had that convo with Michael White about Bagatelles until I watched this video. I have to vouch for him that many in the audience including myself had to let out a sigh of awe and really laughed a little after each one because they were so exquisite and charming. He says nothing has changed really after winning the competition but he's changing the classical world. Bravo maestro!

Lim played all with absolutely unique, beautiful, creative, never-seen, touching, and truly musical interpretation!!! Furthermore, he played every of all notes with absolute sensitivities!!! He is not only a genius but a truthful musician we have seen recently!!!

To borrow the words of an older master and Van Cliburn 2022 juror (Jean-Efflam Bavouzet) "A young master at work. A young master at work."

Toujours prodigieux à 18 ans , d'une profondeur qui pénètre l'âme . serviteur sans égal de la musique .....Merci Merci Merci . Still prodigious at 18, with a depth that penetrates the soul. unequaled servant of music ..... Thank you Thank you Thank you

A once in a generation virtuoso, whose musicianship, technique, sound, and maturity are unparalleled. He doesn't have to throw in unnecessary gimmicks and histrionics. Not a stereotypical Korean pianist. Cannot wait to see him live.

TREASURE

This performance proves what his teacher Prof Sohn Minsoo said, ”If there’s anyone was born to do music, it would be Yunchan Lim“

For those who need the transcript of Michael White, the recital host.. Welcome to Wigmore Hall, where you join me Michael White and a sold out audience for what we're all hoping will be a revelatory experience, the UK debut of Korean pianist Yun Chan Lim, who sensationally won last year's Van Cliburn competition, netting what I think is the biggest prize on the keyboard Circuit of a hundred thousand dollars and aged just 18, which makes him the youngest winner in the competition's history. He’s still just 18 though with more experience behind him since he spent the past months on a world tour that comes as part of his prize, fitting recitals like this one at the Wigmore around ongoing studies in Korea. And it starts with an interesting example of cultural outreach for a young Korean, a 17th century Pavana by English Renaissance composer William Byrd. It’s a timely choice because this year is a major anniversary for Byrd, four centuries since his death in 1623. And we have to make the most of Bird's death because there's no definite date for his birth. We can only guess that it was around 1450 (1550). He wrote a lot of keyboard music, much of it in the form of Pavana which were originally a stately dance in duple time. The Pavana we're going to hear is based on a tune by Byrd's younger contemporary John Dowland, his iconic Lachrymae, which started life as a lute solo, then became a song 'Flow My Tears' and was then adapted into other versions as it got more famous. Byrd's version is regarded as one of the best largely because it exploits the spaciousness of Dowland's music to enhance the tune with exquisite elaborations of a kind that early music Scholars spend their lives pouring over. Well, what Yunchan Lim makes of them we're about to find out as he opens this recital with Byrd's Pavana on a lute song of Lachrymae by John Dowland. It's worth saying that when I asked why he wanted to play this piece, his answer was that he thinks Byrd is the greatest of all British composers. William Byrd's tribute to his younger contemporary John Dowland, Pavana on Lachrymae played there by the young but brilliant winner of last year's Van Cliburn competition, Yunchan Lim. And when I said just now that Byrd was probably born in 1450, I'm afraid I meant 1550. Numbers never were my strong points. Either way, plenty of technical imagination went into that music and how you acquire technique was an abiding concern of Johann Sebastian Bach, who wrote several collections of pieces as learning exercises, albeit of an elevated kind. Around 1720 he put together a büchlein, a little book for his ten-year-old son, Wilhelm Friedman. Nothing but exercises in it and it included a set of pieces in two-part counterpoints pretty easy and three-part counterpoints not so easy. Then Bach later developed for other students. He called the two-parters Inventions. He called the three-parters Sinfonias. And there were 15 of each covering all the keys that you could comfortably play at that time, which was before equal temperament opened up the tuning system and gave you 24. Tonight issuing easy options, Yunchan Lim is going to play the 15 Sinfonias, the three parts. What you'll hear is that Counterpoint of that density edges them toward the sound world of a Fugue. In fact, these pieces step toward Bach's ultimate book of elevated exercises, the ‘Well-Tempered Clavier,’ which came later in the composer's chronology when equal temperament was taking hold. Here to demonstrate how this works is a pianist who may be playing on the world stage but is still pursuing studies back home in Korea, Yunchan Lim. Yunchan Lim there proving himself a conspicuously better than average students in the learning exercises, the Bach’s 15 Sinfonias. I'm not sure I'd have wanted to be taught by Bach, he can only have been a formidable mentor. You get a sense of that in the way he described the Sinfonias, its examples of forthright instruction to obtain not only good ideas and execute them well but to achieve a Cantabile style of playing and thereby acquire a strong fortes of composition. It is Germanic education for you. Well, I don't know what J.S. Bach would think of Yunchan's Cantabile style there, but it sounded exemplary to me. The rest of Yunchan Lim's recital is given over to Beethoven and the main item is a familiar piece with a perhaps misleading name officially known as set of 15 variations on an original theme Eroica Opus 35. Now that's fine except there are more than 15 variations. The theme isn't totally original and you can only call it Eroica with hindsight. To unpack all that, Beethoven was drawn to sets of variations throughout his life, especially variations on a theme that he called his own, but it actually owed a lot to another composer, (Muzio) Clementi. Beethoven first used this theme in dance music for a Viennese ball. Then he used it again for a ballet score, Creatures of Prometheus and he used it a third time in the set of variations we're about to hear. Then he used it a fourth time a year later in his Symphony Number Three, the Eroica, which is where the name stuck and got applied to Opus 35 variations retrospectively. As for the number of variations in Opus 35, the confusion is largely down to an unusual opening. You don't get the theme up front. You get a crashing E flat chord and then the skeletal bass line of the theme followed by some variations. Only then do you get the theme in all its glory and 15 variants. and after that there's a bonus, a Fugue with yet more variants. It all amounts to half an hour of music with more than you were promised, the rare thing in this day and age. But before he plays the Eroica, Yunchan is starting with a set of Beethoven Bagatelles. That also offers more than the name promises. Bagatelles are Trifles, throw away things and Beethoven was much drawn to that word as a title for piano pieces. He produced several sets of Trifles in his lifetime including the one we're about to hear. It was published at his Opus 33 in 1803 and it included material dating back two decades to when Beethoven was a teenager, amounting to an essentially rather random collection, compiled from jottings filed away in a bottom drawer. But that's what makes it interesting. It's possible to hear these Trifles as working notebooks where Beethoven salvages ideas that never made it into his larger scores, turning them into something. And the way Beethoven turned scraps of ideas into something is always fascinating. There are seven pieces in the set and here to play the Opus 33 Bagatelle followed by the Eroica Variations is Yunchan Lim. Beethoven's Variations Opus 35 on a supposedly original theme Eroica played there with, I don't know, cinemascopic panache by Yunchan Lim and prefaced by the throwaway Genius of Beethoven's Opus 33 Bagatelles. As I said in those Bagatelles you get a sense of scraps of ideas being worked into something of value before your ears and eyes. But you get something comfortable on grander terms in the Eroica Variations, which conjure up a whole universe of ideas and emotions, not least humor. It can be hard to track the humor in Beethoven, you might wonder if it's really there. But most pianists insist that it is and Yunchan Lim is one of them. I asked him earlier if you could really expect an audience to laugh out loud. Other things Beethoven does in the piece and he said to me I will try to make them. Well, the audience here are laughing now. Clearly absolutely delighted to get the chance to hear this incredible young player in the flesh. And there'll be even more plea if they get an encore. Well, he's keeping them waiting. It has to come now; half the audience are on their feet. There's a sense of demand in the air. First of all there’s a slightly oblique route, a transcription of Bach’s Cantata BWB 147, better known as ‘Jesus, Joy of Man's Desiring’ and a transcription of course made famous by Dame Myra Hess in her wartime concerts. I wasn't sure many Koreans would know about Myra Hess but Yunchan certainly does and he told me that anybody who plays the piano would share his admiration with her recordings. It's worth saying that there's an awful lot of Yunchan’s fellow countrymen and women here in the audience. He’s perhaps become a big name in Korea, evidently a challenge to K-pop. The third of Liszt’ Liebesträume, pieces that reflect on different kinds of love, that was number three based on a poem about mature-considered emotion that tells the reader ‘love as long as you can.’ The question now is whether Yunchan Lim has played as long as he can for one night. Well, the answer to that question is yes. That's the end of this recital given in the course of a world tour that's part of Yunchan Lim's prize for winning last year's Van Cliburn competition aged just 18. I asked him earlier how his life had changed since he won the competition and he told me very calmly no change at all. it may be that he's now playing to audiences around the world but he said all that matters is to make good music, him and the piano in totally focused relationship. That said he clearly has a major International career ahead. Next stop on his victory tour is Italy and it's been great to witness the early stages of it all here at the Wigmore Hall tonight captured on this live stream. But please remember Wigmore live streams come without charge but at a cost to make so we do ask you to consider a donation..

Yunchan is deeply profound young soul and has nothing to do with old! He is the Genius!

You are an amazing gift from God!

Superb playing....a rare artist who allows the essence of the music to bloom without unnecessary mannerisms or gimmickry. One is left with the feeling that this is simply how the music should sound. I am sure the grateful composers are somewhere smiling in happiness☺

I went to see his performance at Wigmore Hall in person. I've never seen a pianist like him who creates this kind of piano music in my entire life. He's a pianist who shows everything beyond imagination. I realized for the first time that the piano could produce this kind of sound, and that Bach and Beethoven were geniuses among geniuses.

A concert program from a very musician.

I've heard these a thousand times, yet for the first time today.

Sound is clean, pure, beautiful and personality

When I listen to his playing, I feel strangely that only he, his performance, and me exist in the world. It's quite unfamiliar because I've never experienced it when listening to other musicians' playing. It is a very special experience, intimate and moving.

Franz Liszt No3, love dream, is one of my favourite piece and this is the variation I have never heard. However, I really love it and just the beauty behind key control is amazing!

Je ne sais pas combien de fois j'écoute et réécoute ce concert. Je n'arrive même pas à compter. Curieusement, je me retrouve très calme en écoutant son jeu de piano.

4 minutes into the Byrd and I have tears in my eyes. This is stunning.

His Eroica made me cry for joy. Truly, this young pianist is blessing for the humanity.

Great comments on this very special pianist who truly deserves all the accolades. He is touched by angels

I feel like I'm in heaven, forgetting my daily life. so beautiful in tears.💕💕

I'm a Japanese classical music fan who went to Yunchan's debut recital at Suntory Hall at Tokyo last month. What I feel bit sad is, when big name artists come to Japan, they always perform at extremely large halls, and I can't feel their music close enough. I wish I could listen best artist's music in a hall like Wigmore. Well, Yunchan's Liszt completly filled and blowed the concert hall with 2000 seats though lol.

Yunchan Lim….please record a vinyl album of your Cliburn competition pieces!

long live the king!

Genius of a clear soul, the meaning of my life.

BRAVISIMOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO......................