Friendly reminder that Isaac considers Stargate (SG-1 in particular) the best sci fi tv series and W40K the most scale-realistic universe (and he's not wrong)

The emperor is intrigued with this " unlimited power" you speak of.

I do like the idea of a power plant the size of a city block, generating energy from nothing, but it’s only enough to power a single lightbulb

It's so awesome when you have your favorite science comunicator who always delivers high calorie brain food gems, one after another...brain happy, me happy.😊

Its so crazy how little Stargate gets talked about anymore. Glad to see some people still remember 😂

I've seen lots of new videos on this topic recently. This is the conversation we need to have. Thank you Isaac Arthur you're right on time.

I`m so happy my childhood assumption about the ZPMs matches Isaac's! I always assumed it's like a power outlet, not that the dimension is stuffed inside it.

The idea of endless, free, perfectly clean energy is such a wonderful science fiction idea.

This seems like the best explanation as to why we don't see Dyson Swarms everywhere. Some kind of Clarktech energy generation we haven't discovered yet.

Somehow, I suspect that the writers of SG-1 didn't put quite as much thought into their technobabble as Isaac did.

Stargate got me ready for this episode.

Fascinating as always. I love the scenes in space opera when they open the vacuum energy pumps to fuel up; know I understand better.

There actually _was_ an episode of Stargate Atlantis that addressed an aspect of how ZPMs work. They had found an abandoned Ancient lab with, what they believed to be, a powerful energy cannon that could blast away asteroids and stuff. After some exploration, mishaps, and a few fatalities, they determined the "cannon" was just a byproduct of the primary experiment of the facility; it was a kind of "in-our-universe" ZPM. They weren't sure if it was a prototype or an attempt to improve the output, but the "cannon" was more of a pressure release valve, shunting the massive power output of the energy unit as a weaponized blast. And the reason it couldn't work was that by attempting to extract Zero-Point Energy within our *own* universe, rather than contained in a pocket universe, it rapidly created exotic, high-energy virtual particles. Amd these virtual particles reacted in unpredictable ways, as if the Standard Model were to geometrically fucktuple in size. So you start getting Bacon Quarks and Grellow Chromodynamics, and Anti-Negataurinos, etc.

I've always thought I was crazy for thinking one could get actual work from vacuum energy, and your video makes me happy that others are considering it more rigorously! On another note, your video just made me think of a lovecraftian-esque solution to the Fermi-paradox: What if the reason the prediction of the density of vacuum energy being 55 orders of magnitude off the is because older civilizations already tapped it for ridiculous things like going to another hospitable universe with even more vacuum energy to grow their civilization and repeat the process, and we just came in a time where it was too low (or slow) to do whatever the useful thing to do with infinite energy is and all other species at around he tech level necessary to have half-baked alien-KZfaq comments realized this, got depressed, and ended it all before they could leave any meaningful heat signature? I dub it: The Bottom of the Barrel Hypothesis!

ZPMs are the future of energy !!

Im amazed how consistent these vids are. Always quality too!

20000 research points is all we need

Now this is a topic that intrigues me a lot. Vacuum energy is, in theory, truly infinite and will exist as long as the universe expands. So, will any intelligent species be able to harness it? Thank you for this video.

Good morning folks

Thanks for the episode, Isaac! "It's easy to fall when you're walking on nothing at all" Very poetic! Head scratching episode, this one.

so in order to harvest zeropoint or vacuum energy, we'd need some sort of quantum vapour cycle heat pump? hvac engineers gonna be employed forever, lol.

Isaac should do an episode on monopoles and q balls and their potential uses.

That poking a hole in the universe to create energy access through other universe creation is actually the lore reason abyssal demons ended up in the D&D multiverse. They cut too many holes in their universe and had to flee to another multiverse in order to survive. Really fun to see parallels of thought between fantasy wizards- not concerned with mechanistic specifics-and science wizards very much concerned with the how.

Anton Petrov reviewed a paper that stated mass is created by the *rapid movement of gluons.* The Higgs Boson's mass is trivial in comparison.

God I am thankful for finding the Stargate series when I was young, probably number one series that got my love of sci fi really going.

0:58: 🔬 Zero Point Energy, specifically Vacuum Energy and the Casimir Effect, is a concept in quantum mechanics that involves pairs of complementary traits with minimum uncertainty. 0:58: The Universe has minimum sized building blocks or pixels that cannot be divided further, such as atoms, protons, neutrons, and electrons. 1:48: The fundamental thing in quantum is not the size or energy of a particle, but rather pairs of complementary traits, such as momentum and position. 1:48: Electrons and quarks are believed to be fundamental particles that are not divisible, but theories like String Theory or M-Theory propose the existence of smaller and more fundamental particles. 2:05: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that there is a minimum uncertainty in measuring paired traits, like momentum and position. 3:10: The minimum uncertainty is represented by Planck's Constant, which applies to various paired quantities, including energy and time. 3:27: The Universe allows us to have an uncertainty in energy and time, meaning we can only know the energy of something at the expense of knowing its existence accurately. 3:47: Other paired quantities with minimum uncertainty include angular momentum with orientation, magnetic potential with density of electric current, and electric potential with density of electric charge. 4:04: 🔬 The video discusses the concept of uncertainty in quantum mechanics and the existence of zero-point energy. 4:04: Uncertainty principle states that the more accurately we measure the energy of a particle, the shorter the moment it can last. 4:20: Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, where particles have no random motion. 5:01: The Uncertainty Principle prevents reaching absolute zero and introduces haziness in determining particle properties. 5:53: In quantum mechanics, particles can exist in multiple places simultaneously until measured. 6:32: Quantum uncertainty is a fundamental property of the universe, not just a limitation of measurement. 7:22: Zero-point energy refers to the energy retained by frozen atoms or molecules even at absolute zero. 7:38: Vacuum energy exists even in seemingly empty space and is derived from fluctuating fields. 7:56: The concept of zero-point energy is similar to harnessing fractions of a penny from transactions. 8:15: 🔬 Space is not a vacuum, it contains virtual particles that make up most of our bodies and have unexpected mass. 8:15: Space is not a real vacuum as it contains billions of photons and neutrinos. 8:33: Virtual particles are temporary particles that pop in and out of existence in space. 8:51: Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks, but the mass doesn't add up. 10:26: Valence quarks are the stable part of particles like protons and neutrons. 11:16: Virtual particles pop up in opposite pairs and annihilate, often with unusual properties. 11:33: Certain energy states of virtual particles last longer than others. 11:52: The reasons behind these phenomena are still unknown. 11:52: The masses of particles and their antimatter twins have specific values. 14:12: 🌌 Empty space contains energy and virtual particles that can escape a black hole's event horizon, causing it to lose mass over time. 14:12: Empty space contains energy, even when emptied of others. 14:31: Black holes can lose mass over time by losing virtual particles. 14:49: The source of virtual particles is regular old space, not the black hole itself. 15:08: Sharp changes in gravity near a black hole's event horizon can cause one particle of a virtual pair to fall back in while the other escapes. 15:43: The more significant the tidal difference of gravity, the more likely this particle separation occurs. 15:58: When a particle doesn't annihilate with its twin, it becomes 'real' and can stick around. 16:30: 🌌 Stephen Hawking's work on Black Hole evaporation, known as Hawking Radiation, suggests that energy can be extracted from black holes. 16:30: Black holes emit Hawking Radiation, with smaller ones emitting more and dying quicker. 16:47: A proton-sized micro black hole could emit a gigawatt of power and live for 480 billion years. 17:07: There is no experimental proof of Hawking Radiation, and it raises Quantum Gravity issues. 17:58: The discrepancy between theoretical vacuum energy density and measurements highlights the need for further understanding. 18:56: The density of vacuum energy is uncertain, ranging from 3 to 4 hydrogen atoms per cubic meter to a billion times denser than a neutron star. 19:13: The depth of the vacuum energy, or Dirac Sea, is crucial for tapping into its energy potential. 19:32: Vacuum energy and zero point energy are interchangeable terms, with vacuum energy being a subcategory of zero point energy. 19:49: The fictional concept of Zero Point Modules in Stargate SG-1 resembles vacuum energy and provides immense power. 22:18: 🔬 The video discusses the concept of generating power by harvesting spacetime using the Casimir Effect. 22:18: The Casimir Effect is an observed phenomenon where two flat plates kept close together experience a force pushing them together. 22:49: This force is caused by the exclusion of certain particles with long wavelengths from forming between the plates. 23:36: The pressure inside the plates is less than zero, indicating that the space inside is emptier than the space outside. 23:58: 💡 The Casimir Effect and negative energy levels can potentially be used for power production, but it is challenging to harness and requires advanced technology. 23:58: Negative pressure or energy levels are observed in the Casimir Effect, which is a way to identify zero point energy and vacuum energy. 24:31: Negative energy or pressure could potentially be used for holding open wormholes or running a warp drive, but it is not currently practical with known materials. 25:04: Idealized force in the Casimir Effect increases with the inverse fourth power of distance between plates, allowing for potential power production with extremely close plates. 25:54: Managing to get large plates very close to each other and generating net useful energy from them is a significant challenge. 26:28: Power generation from the Casimir Effect may be more feasible in deep space with large surface areas and low pressures. 26:44: Zero-point energy can potentially involve particles other than photons, including mundane or exotic particles of matter. 27:15: The infinite hotel paradox, also known as Hilbert's hotel, explores the concept of countable infinite rooms and the weirdness of infinity. 27:33: Infinity allows for the possibility of accommodating more guests in an infinitely occupied hotel. 27:52: 🔬 The video discusses the possibility of extracting infinite particles or energy from vacuum energy and the potential use of resonant mass devices to tap into the universe-wide ocean of gravity waves. 27:52: The manager of a hotel with infinite rooms can always find an empty room for new guests by having each occupant move one room over. 28:12: If guests start leaving the hotel by moving to the room one number lower than them, an infinite number of people can exit. 28:59: Fermions are particles that can't be in the exact same place as other fermions, while bosons can be in the same place as other bosons. 29:33: Majorana Fermions are hypothetical particles that are their own antiparticles, and they come up in superconductor discussions. 29:50: The number of Majorana Fermions that exist may impact energy conservation, and producing them at material boundaries could allow for energy generation or loss.

If you do happen to find such a hotel, on a dark plane on a supposedly uninhabited planet, and it has one of those rotating revolving doors, never, ever, go inside...

In Canda they care called a Zed PM. Learned that from Stargate.

Ima be honest with ya Issac, I'm too dumb to understand most of this episode, but I appreciate you covering it anyway.

Thank you so much!!! The ending goes pretty hard and is humbling! Great work as always!

Now that's an interesting thought create a conduit of matter that is chilled to absolute zero stick yourself in this conduit and essentially you can tell a port or have uncertainty teleport you to any point where this network exists.

Ooooooooh. The ripples on an ocean analogy was really really good. I don't know how accurate it is but it makes things like negative values for things that intuitives should not be able to be negative make so much more sense.

Thank you for the engaging but not distracting visuals again in this one.

Excellent show Issac. I always tell people, with respect to "zero point energy," be careful what you wish for. Infinite energy means infinite heat dissipation. Create something like that on Earth, and you really would have "global warming."

18:28 probably one of the most brutal statements i've ever heard

37:00-37:10 I might be high but damn that just sounds like a banger "living void that spawns realities"

Thanks. As to Office Space, Superman III did that gag first. It's what brings Richard Pryor's character to prominence in the film. But most of your audience wouldn't remember that movie, & the ones who do would rather forget it! tavi.

Thanks for the shoutout for Rankine! Not a useful unit for the world today, but an awesome unit none the leas

I am contemplating for a moment, Thank you.

Nice, I have just finished watching the entire Stargate series recently

ngl, turning space into energy would be super useful: Not only are you generating power, but also pulling everything towards you! (=shortening distances)

Great now we're one step closer to the "Black Swan Zero Point powered Great Filter juicer/blender" Risking an universe vacuum decay just for a large smoothie.😂

One of your best! Really like the ZPE discussion and am fascinated by virtual particles. Maybe that is how we can get our Star Trek tea Earl Grey...

Loved this, thank you!

Arthur C. Clarke's 'The Songs of Distant Earth' has an interstellar arkship which makes use of vacuum energy for propulsion.

Bro the ending line was so good, well done on the video

Going to have to watch/listen to this a few times. It's intriguing but still beyond my ability to fully comprehend. But hopefully one day we may harness ZPE. Still a great and informative video Isaac.

Cool! As always. Thank you.

How can you extract energy from the Casimir effect? Once your plates touch each other, you have to separate them, which costs at least the same energy as the one you gained by letting them coming closer to each other. Force is not energy. The casimir effect just creates a new potential field of energy, that doesn't mean this is a cheat code for infinite energy, if so it would have been easier to do that with magnets.

Have a great day isaac!

I was very hesitant to look up zero point energy until someone legitimate covered it. Thank you for this great explanation.

ZPMs, from what I could remember, had a pocket of empty "subspace" inside, and the crystal thing was basically a spigot that regulated how that subspace interacted with our universe. The crystal was also a generator that extracted energy from the movement of something from our universe into that subspace pocket. When the subspace pocket was full, it had reached "maximum entropy", it had nearly equalised with our universe, and no more energy could be gained. Breaking the crystal would, from my understanding, break the restriction on the flow of stuff into that emptier pocket, and a massive energy release was the result. A "drained" or "maximum entropy" ZPM was less dangerous because there wasn't much difference between the subspace pocket and our universe anymore.

This is how to make perpetual motion machines without violating laws of conservation of energy and matter Remember, not all perpetual motion machines create/destroy energy and matter

I truly enjoy your efforts. Conscious expanding topics, which humanity needs.

Well it's about time you did a video on free energy! I've just been waiting for ever.😊

Another great work

ZPE can't work because it's uniformly everywhere. Useful energy requires an energy gradient (energy here but not there). Re Casimir effect (which also exists in classical physics on the macro scale), you'd have to use the same, or more, amount of energy to separate the plates again after they're pushed together. Net energy gained is zero or negative.

Remember zero point is two things but similar one is in a cartoon game and one is in the emptiness of space

perfect video to wake up to, get energized and start the day. Thank you Isaac ☕

Another great episode, thank you 😊 Commenting to show my appreciation and feed the almighty algorithm.

Love it Isaac! Fantastic work, as always

Your comment of -1C vs -1K *finally* makes "negative energy" make sense. No one ever bothers to mention that.

A bit over my head, but I think your shows bring an interest, to us regular people and that is great when you reach the young. So don't stop, PLEASE!!🧒

If you stare into the abyss, the abyss stares back

Best video in several months, Isaac. 👍

Happy Arthur's day!

Too bad I won't be able to see your Nebula specials in the foreseeable future. At least I still have KZfaq.

Wait so you mean to tell if we can harness vaccum energy we can make things like universe out nothing that's is crazy.

0 point energy is like the math behind blackholes. 0 is not a whole number, rather it is the super-position between any finite whole number and its equal opposite. Space-time/energy-matter and its equal opposite, raw information. Because of this, the universe doesn't allow a singularity to continue without a constant source of energy wedging it open. In short, it takes continues energy to get continues energy. No free meals, but you could trade your meal for a bigger meal, as long as that energy comes from somewhere. The energy is being syphoned from the energy falling into blackholes across the infinite multi-verse. When energy is compressed down to the planck scale, it reaches a wall of infinitely packed energy(this wall is not 0, but the infinite dense point right above 0. Think of this point as the equation: Infinite plus negative infinite = 0, instead of 0. Its a super-position of all existents). When that wall is agitated by creating energy densities equal to the planck scale, you have created the equivalence to a Whitehole, and there is a release of a amplification force from the planck scale. The same force that causes the core rebound when a star collapse, and leads to a supernova. At this point(planck scale) energy/matter and the space-time metrics converge, and at that convergence there is no locality or time, even though it is connected to all points of space-time/energy-matter. Look into Salvatore Pais's work on the Super-Force, he can explain it better then me. If I could understand it, then I'm sure some of you could figure it out. Just do your homework. "Its not new physics, its a new understanding of old physics"-Pais. P.s. Great job Isaac, love your videos. Keep being you.

Maybe the negative energy concept isn't explained correctly here (the begging was interesting, but after that everything was confusing) , so let me trying a better explanation "you can steal the energy from a specific region of space, and after that you can use that energy anyway you want, you don't need to pay back for that energy(or returning with income) , because any energy that is around that hole of negative energy would fill it", basically you did the same thing like American billionaires that borrow money from the FED using their corporations and let the poor to pay later in taxes!

Wait this stuff is a legit physics thought idea. Neeto my 13 yo as was always scared of the heat death of the universe so wondered if we could find a way to siphon the dark energy from soace to at least create a few hundred light year bubble that is sustained forever

Got a donut, a cup of coffee, and my favorite futurism guy. This day started off bad but at least I can relax a bit now.

Awesome!!!

Isaac never disappoints

ok. I am REALLY curious about this!

THank you!!!

Fascinating.

Everyone talks about "falling to a true vacuum" but that implies there are no other local minimums between here and true vacuum. What happens if the energy bound up in space go down by half?

Just a correction in the Feynman diagram at 12:51 the arrow for the positron should have the opposite direction. Great video as always

I find quantum tedious. The standard model reigns undefeated!

So you are saying the final fermi filter is saying "holy shit that is dumb as fuck". Fellow humanity, we MIGHT have a shot!

21:30 could you theoretically harvest that energy by using tiny magnetic beads surrounded by tiny coils which are connected to a diode? so the brownian motion moves the tiny magnets which in turn induce a current which can only move one way because of the diode

Isaac, you reminded me of myself in this one (how to use far too many words to say something that nobody understands). I have so many questions, almost all of them unanswerable without copious amounts of follow ups. I am happy to see/hear you do less fiction/fantasy. Science fiction that has little or no science in it is increasingly common despite advances in understanding and technologies to facilitate more accurate portrayals. Despite audience expectations being higher than ever as well. Audio in space is comically common and cringeworthy. Thank you for sharing.

I've solved the fermi paradox! The nature of civilization is that every once in a while, a sufficiently advanced species will homestuck themselves a new universe.

Epic music outro

Nice, please make a video on colonizing a supercluster or colonizing a galaxy group

I personally think that the standard model particle series is off in the wrong direction more than a little. some part of the in state operation of all these energies that is given for the gluon specifically, may describe how much energy is doing a guiding force, keeping quark values and more operating across a spherical domain, but I think we may have trouble understanding that. After all, these fragments come from breaking protons and neutrons at the best, and mathematical deduction of protons and neutrons at worst, where it may be that because of the interaction of electrons, protons and neutrons in normal space manifests gravity, instead of some value hidden within those items.

This is really good

Awesome, My work in progress sci fi novel has aliens using zero point energy. Will listen to this more than once.

On the subject of Hawking Radiation, this video cleared something up for me but also led to new questions. I never really understood why one virtual particle falling into a black hole while its counterpart escaped would lead to the black hole losing mass. It should actually increase the black hole mass by the tiny mass of the captured particle. But if that virtual particle is actually a negative mass particle, that makes sense. It both explains why the black hole loses mass and also explains why pairs of virtual particles annihilate each other. One has positive mass while the other has negative mass reducing the total mass to zero. But the captured particle would only reduce the mass of the black hole if it was the negative particle that was captured, right? What happens if it is the positive particle that is captured instead? As positive and negative particles are created together, capturing one should only reduce the black hole mass if negative particles are captured more often than positive ones. Is that what happens? Or is it more complicated, perhaps with counterintuitive quantum mechanical weirdness?

Interesting topic

The infinite hotel can't exist because the maximum speed it would take for reception to get the message to the room at the end to move along to the next room is the speed of light, and so the more rooms are added the longer it takes to add a new one by getting everyone to move along. Eventually the rate of room adding will be so slow that all the people in the hotel and the reception will be dead before the next move request gets to the front. If they also had infinite lifespans then the time between each move request would itself become infinite and prevent the number of rooms reaching infinity.

I knew the SG ZPM was going to get a reference on this video.

I love this video's thumbnail.

31:40 resonant mass devices to detect gravitational waves, that was the subject of my work with Prof Joseph Weber at the University of Maryland ! I was just out of high school and my report was what got me accepted into Harvard !

Your speech is getting better! 😄 I know that's not on topic but I noticed a difference.

Suddenly "what if the atmosphere catches fire?" seems like a small issue in comparison. If trying to harness vacuum energy could cause a collapse down to true zero energy, expanding outward at the speed of light.

As for resonant mass devices, just make sure they are not set to their own resonant frequencies, at which they disintegrate (or otherwise fall apart).

I still have not been convinced that we actually know what we are seeing about us. Especially since we don’t actually see photons only detect their interaction with particles. Especially since in any volume I can define, probability theoretically has at least one photon from every single star passing through that volume in any time frame I can define. I think we have only barely scratched the surface with our ordinal math so far, and our simulations will have to get much better before we learn much more.

Energy taps from expiditionary force