IMHO, large container ports of modern, developed countries shouldn't be built deep inside a river channel such as the Hamburg one. It takes time to sail up the river and then maneuver in tight space into a berthing spot. One mishap like the Baltimore incident and everyone is screwed. Large, busy container ports, again imho, should be built closer to sea if not at sea, protected by break waters and with rooms to maneuver. Many developed countries refuse to spend money to build new infrastructures. They only want to spend as little money as possible to improve existing ones, which were designed to suit the requirements of the previous centuries.