The wonders of leaf mulch
10:10
3 ай бұрын
Transplanting pawpaw trees
6:41
4 ай бұрын
The best hazelnuts I’ve ever had
3:12
Finished the pond build!
22:54
Жыл бұрын
Digging a pond for another farm
24:13
Пікірлер
@swiss_arborist_barmetbaump3817
@swiss_arborist_barmetbaump3817 Күн бұрын
What do you think of adding salix ulmus platanus ailantus to fix the soil. Mabey some burdock
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Күн бұрын
@@swiss_arborist_barmetbaump3817 I have added all those and more! Continually pruning and adding biomass
@swiss_arborist_barmetbaump3817
@swiss_arborist_barmetbaump3817 Күн бұрын
You could use "bandrechen motormäher" mi one hase a plate on the sid so you can make a nise winrom. You can mow from poat side so you get a dubble winrow.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Күн бұрын
@@swiss_arborist_barmetbaump3817 yes absolutely that’s what I want to arrange for my tractor. We just don’t have front mounted sickle bar mowers available here really.
@gauvaindf
@gauvaindf Күн бұрын
It's funny that your 5 big steps are 15 feet, because to the rest of the world 5 big steps = 5 meters ^^
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Күн бұрын
@@gauvaindf I embrace diversity of measurement systems. The width is roughly 2.4 Erik long
@Ghost-Mama
@Ghost-Mama 6 күн бұрын
I’m Proud of you for working on your communication skills. You are doing a good job explaining your process. 💚 Best of luck 🍀 to you!
@woodswiser2513
@woodswiser2513 7 күн бұрын
How will you be planting the perennials? It seems like the planting opening is so tight it would be hard to dig a hole. Are you direct seeding?
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 7 күн бұрын
@@woodswiser2513 direct seed and I grow a lot of perennials in plug trays for planting with a hori in tight situations - works in these lines. But I think with a larger planting I would leave a bigger planting space for sure!
@syntropyworks
@syntropyworks 5 күн бұрын
Use a drill with planter auger. Fast and effective
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 5 күн бұрын
@@syntropyworks I have used that and it makes sense for tighter soil. This here is nice and loose
@pablog.3906
@pablog.3906 7 күн бұрын
intriguing... i dont think the cut section wil stay dormant or dead to propper new sowing.
@pokeweed10k15
@pokeweed10k15 8 күн бұрын
This could be mechanized for a tractor attachment
@nickmclaughlin1395
@nickmclaughlin1395 8 күн бұрын
Could you take the frame and mount it on a front end loader to just kinda push all the grass over into the rows you want? Or does the grass need to be severed.
@ogl1272
@ogl1272 8 күн бұрын
Just show the use of the tool instead of lots of talk. You just like to talk
@syntropyworks
@syntropyworks 5 күн бұрын
Youre too Rude
@joshuadelisle
@joshuadelisle 9 күн бұрын
I look forward to seeing updates on this. Cheers J
@marklloyd6433
@marklloyd6433 9 күн бұрын
This is really cool. I wanted to pack my mulch neatly before but it never occurred to me to make a form! Here in the UK slugs would be a huge problem direct seeding into the split.. compost into the split and transplant sounds a brilliant weed free solution. Sorgum sudangrass is not grown at all here in the UK or at least I can find very little about. Perhaps I could use anual rye grasses. I think I would need larger space to create the same biomass
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 9 күн бұрын
@@marklloyd6433 I think rye is a good option, maybe mix in some vetch. This form can work with really any material, tree prunings, whatever biomass you have or can plant. You can grow a few species of eucalyptus in the UK too! So many options. Here orchard grass is the most productive cool season perennial bunch grass, then perennial rye, but they are nowhere near the biomass production of warm season perennial bunch grasses like Panicum virgatum.
@marklloyd6433
@marklloyd6433 8 күн бұрын
​@@jkochosc Interesting. Got lots of hedgerow here that needs cutting about this time of year. I have used it as mulch before but only once because when the leaves decomposed it left lots of woody material and the weeds still grew through and hoeing was impossible without removing it. I think with packing it with the mulch former this could be workable though because weeds will be suppressed. We could even use wire loops to pin it down, much like the pins used for regular weed fabric, after pressing into the form to give it better longer term structure and less oxidisation. Great shout on the vetch. I think if I get some vetch in now I can interplant with cereal rye as I get to late august. Not sure how the rye will overwinter if i get it in this early. Keep up the great work looking forward to whatever else you share.. you are a true Agronaut bro!
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 8 күн бұрын
@@marklloyd6433 using woody material in this way is very doable but needs specific systems of breaking the material down. I will do a video on that at some point as I have been doing that quite a lot lately and have figured out some pretty big efficiencies
@marklloyd6433
@marklloyd6433 7 күн бұрын
@@jkochosc Excellent - looking forward to that!
@syntropyworks
@syntropyworks 5 күн бұрын
Oats, Rye, Brome grass will do it. Especially Rye, not Rye grass, Rye
@marklloyd6433
@marklloyd6433 9 күн бұрын
nice man, I can tell you are excited about it. I get it, nothing more exciting than growing and innovating at the same time!
@jeffv2553
@jeffv2553 9 күн бұрын
Do you have fly strips on ur hat? 😂
@jesserahimzadeh4298
@jesserahimzadeh4298 10 күн бұрын
Same thing on my property In the slate belt of eastern PA. Barely any topsoil on compacted clay with tons of pieces of shale within. Seems like most trees are diseased and falling over. Invasive plants love to grow here but knowing that I’m just focusing on adding organic matter everywhere and chop & dropping around productive plantings.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 10 күн бұрын
I would suggest to Plant it super densely with hardy trees that can grow in that kind of soil like sycamore, locusts, pin oaks, catalpa, and then prune them as your fertilizer for your fruit and nut trees.
@jesserahimzadeh4298
@jesserahimzadeh4298 9 күн бұрын
@@jkochosc I like that idea. I've been planting more and more but I need to really go for it and pack things together in the early stages.
@willbass2869
@willbass2869 10 күн бұрын
"syntropic" agriculture. Wow. That's sho'nuff a $10 word right there! Help me out Mr Google. Y'all Nawh Yorkers are soooo precious!
@az55544
@az55544 10 күн бұрын
Show, don't tell. Please get someone else to hold the camera for 15 seconds at the beginning and then you can go into a focused discussion. I see grass bi see some lumber. I have no idea what goes down here.
@KR-os6nn
@KR-os6nn 11 күн бұрын
Awesome! How do you manage bugs? This looks like a permaculture setup?
@SteveNoverini
@SteveNoverini 11 күн бұрын
I did this exact technique but with woodchips and sunflowers. I made a trench with woodchips and built on top of the rocky soil essentially.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 11 күн бұрын
@@SteveNoverini sunflowers are a great choice to start mobilizing nutrients and feeding soil and pollinators…and people for that matter
@SteveNoverini
@SteveNoverini 10 күн бұрын
@@jkochosc yes, after a year I had excellent soil in the location. Just needed to bulk it up with free materials and roots in the ground.
@seanhoward3531
@seanhoward3531 12 күн бұрын
Super cool idea Erik! What production crop would you plant here for the trade off of space and labor to be worth it? Cant wait to see how this progresses!
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 12 күн бұрын
@@seanhoward3531 this rig can be used in many contexts. Let’s say you want to mulch market garden beds - just bring in hay or wood chips and do this on every bed, plant or seed into it and you will have basically no weeds. Could even put compost strips in the rows. My use for it will be to establish tree rows every 15’ or so with biomass grass strips in between. The first year will be veggies and trees will be planted/seeded. So I won’t be losing any space because that will be the final spacing of my planting anyway. As far as the labor, it’s a lot but the mat is so thick and tidy that it’s worth it. If you pull back the mulch on this row now you can immediately see the value of mulching this way. It is a season long weed barrier/fertility source/temperature and water regulator/bio-inoculant/soil life habitat, on and on. All that and super easy to manage in any number of ways after it is made.
@syntropyworks
@syntropyworks 5 күн бұрын
​@@jkochosci've been using these in many places and i love them. The pressing really amplifies the long lasting weed suppression
@SimonHaestoe
@SimonHaestoe 14 күн бұрын
Very cool concept ⚡💪but skeptical about the green manure without cover. Would love to see numbers on how much just plain evaporates if it's going non-stop. Yeah, it decomposes but that means it decomposes in both directions - into the soil and into the air. No birds will catch the gases and bring them back to earth. Why isnt there a layer of carbon, or anything, on top? 🤔
@Soilfoodwebwarrior
@Soilfoodwebwarrior 12 күн бұрын
Ya most often I see that recommended brown on top but syntropic agroforestry they put browns on the bottom if they have them. Carbon touches the soil green on top. Dr Ingham my mentor teaches the opposite. However these syntropic agroforestry techniques are best used in isolated areas where you are establishing new production beds, with no water. In an urban area with access to water and chip drop maybe this doesn't make sense. You need lots of land as well
@bun9000
@bun9000 9 күн бұрын
I’d pancake with browns. Especially in dry arid climates with erosion and desertification risks. The soil can use both the fungal and bacterial loads it would provide.
@BalticHomesteaders
@BalticHomesteaders 15 күн бұрын
Can you normally grow the mulch quick enough for this process to happen and get a second crop to full maturity (not sure where you are but I know for sure we couldn't where we are, that is a crop that will push up through)? I guess YT threw your vid to me as I recently watched a syntropic video to learn what it was, I think the guy you mentioned in the vid.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 15 күн бұрын
@@BalticHomesteaders there are so many ways to use it. You can fall sow rye and vetch, and do this same process with that when it is at peak biomass, which is at anthesis of the rye. Then you would be very early for any full season crop. Right now, I could let the sudex grow for a second cutting, then frost seed rye and have this same field produce lots of spring biomass to cover a second bed. You can do so many things with it - even just using imported woodchip mulch or hay, planting your crop in the lines and seeding biomass crops in the alleys. Hope that helps!
@NVMe420
@NVMe420 15 күн бұрын
Huge waste of time, perfect example of " doing to much " this is one of those ideas that sounds great but, IRL it don't work. There are much faster and easier to ways to accomplish this.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 15 күн бұрын
@@NVMe420 you know your really getting somewhere when the spam posters start to comment on your videos! Thank you for your valuable input and I look forward to you sharing your real life experiences pertaining to efficient mulch management.
@syntropyworks
@syntropyworks 5 күн бұрын
Show us your solutions Genius ;))
@katherinefritz3411
@katherinefritz3411 15 күн бұрын
Can't wait to see if growing
@Pha-q
@Pha-q 15 күн бұрын
What's your plan for the cover crop that regrows in the center space, or are you planning to cover just the planting bed to terminate it before planting?
@benmissimer
@benmissimer 15 күн бұрын
Gangster
@peterellis4262
@peterellis4262 16 күн бұрын
I think I grasp the concept, but the implementation, imo, needs a lot of work. Having to hand pack the material into the form(s) feels like a deal breaker to me. I agree that large scale hay making is tremendously, if not entirely, mechanized and that related technology could scale this process up, but the price tag goes way up at the same time. It's likely entirely possible to design an agricultural machine that mows the cover crop, sweeps it into the mulch rows with planting lines and does the seed planting, all in one pass. To my mind, the challenge is to come up with such a "machine" on a BCS, or even hand operated scale. There might be some way to adapt a wheel hoe to organize the material and create the bed with seeding/planting furrow. I feel like I see the potential and benefits (I'm looking to syntropic agriculture principles for use on my site), but that "There's got to be a better way" than hand loading a wooden form that gets moved again and again.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 16 күн бұрын
@@peterellis4262 I had the same initial reaction, but as much as I thought about it I could not find a simpler solution for the small scale. The material has to move 6’ or so from either side to the center and you want to leave clean unmulched rows to plant into. Let me know if you come up with a better way!
@landscapetransformationwit6018
@landscapetransformationwit6018 16 күн бұрын
I find as I scythe I can scythe into appropriate piles for a slashmulch garden for 3 sisters. I find I need the wompanoag design spread over a field to get rampant crops to suppress the resident vegetation. Of course I just use the resident vegetation as my slash crop. I’ve seen people try to mechanize a cut into windrows, but it didn’t work well because grass encroachment reinvaded and killed the crop. I figured the Wompanoag design was necessary but a much deeper mulch apparently does the same.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 15 күн бұрын
@@landscapetransformationwit6018 yes I usually scythe into my rows of plants and have the material loosely organized to the side of the row. That works fine later on after establishment and during maintenance. It may not initially appear to be such a big deal, but the exactness that this tool brings really is worth the effort. The shape and compaction of the mulch make it more effective and efficient per unit of material. The main issue is the slow slow speed of planting into a pile or windrow of loose mulch.
@user-hr2bi4oh5g
@user-hr2bi4oh5g 6 күн бұрын
You grass the concept!
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 16 күн бұрын
www.syntropia.com.au/ - more information about Scott Hall
@josephconroy8531
@josephconroy8531 16 күн бұрын
good luck,,you got alot more to learn
@aylahughes9185
@aylahughes9185 16 күн бұрын
lol ignorant and arrogant for what? why be a hater? you got anything close to this cool happening in your life?
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 16 күн бұрын
@@josephconroy8531 thank you, and yes I certainly do.
@dr.froghopper6711
@dr.froghopper6711 14 күн бұрын
@@jkochoscsuch is the nature of gardening! If we ever stop learning, we’re dead.
@FRL1344
@FRL1344 6 күн бұрын
The creation has endless mysteries like its creator. we get to experience revelation eternally as move through existence
@jttj742
@jttj742 4 күн бұрын
You need to learn proper grammar. 😅
@mjmarit
@mjmarit 17 күн бұрын
woah, nursey stock in between corn rows? brilliant, transplanting a bunch of mine tonight!
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 17 күн бұрын
Of nursery stock?
@mjmarit
@mjmarit 17 күн бұрын
@@jkochosc yup, I have seedlings coming up randomly in my yard in shaded areas that I plan to ship out this fall.
@saltybildo9448
@saltybildo9448 24 күн бұрын
Back pain sucks, I've had one surgery and I forced me to retire as a plumber. Good luck with whatever you got goin on 👍
@saltybildo9448
@saltybildo9448 24 күн бұрын
Great vid
@saltybildo9448
@saltybildo9448 24 күн бұрын
New York is a terrible place
@briangrantackert1732
@briangrantackert1732 25 күн бұрын
Awesome
@zachelfers1360
@zachelfers1360 25 күн бұрын
John Kempf talks about this in a recent podcast, inspired from his conversations with Christine Jones.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 25 күн бұрын
@@zachelfers1360 I’ll check it out! He is an enigma to me. Obviously lots of cool information and ideas but sometimes surprisingly reductionist. You’re referring to cutting the fast growing weeds to benefit the crop rather than pulling them?
@marklloyd6433
@marklloyd6433 8 күн бұрын
also alot of pushing his own products and very little, if any, practical information. Graeme Sait on the other hand divulges a bunch of useful information for free. Kempf's recent podcast talking about his conversation with Christine Jones leaves you thinking how much better a podcast with just Christine Jones would be..
@peterellis4262
@peterellis4262 26 күн бұрын
Another couple of thoughts about this approach: there's an old saying that the best fertilizer is the farmer's shadow; as you go through making this weed control pass, you're also, simultaneously, reviewing the condition of all of your intended plantings.
@tomb1734
@tomb1734 Ай бұрын
Where did you find the mist heads you were using?
@JoyoftheGardenandHome
@JoyoftheGardenandHome Ай бұрын
Most of the damage I can see are on my willows, a bit on the apples. Sean mentioned you have goumi on your property. Can I trouble you for a couple cuttings in the fall?
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Ай бұрын
It’s interesting - other than willows, which they don’t seem to hit too hard, every one of the main species of plant they defoliate are high quality mast producing trees. Makes you think! Yup I have lots of goumi cuttings. Are you in the Hudson valley?
@JoyoftheGardenandHome
@JoyoftheGardenandHome Ай бұрын
@@jkochosc 😀 yes, we've ordered from you twice now. We drove up last fall. We're just south of 84.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Ай бұрын
@@JoyoftheGardenandHome oh, sorry I didn’t recognize on KZfaq. Not the same as real life! For sure I have goumi plants and cuttings for you :)
@johnstonj92
@johnstonj92 Ай бұрын
You should try russian pommegranites
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Ай бұрын
Yes I have those going from cuttings as well :)
@johnstonj92
@johnstonj92 Ай бұрын
@jkochosc another uncommon fruit that may survive would be the kumquat and other quat citrus, grapefruit, che, fejoia and jujubes.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Ай бұрын
@@johnstonj92 yeah! Che and jujube are actually alive and well outside here. I have wanted to try some citrus and grew them from seed but buying grafted citrus is just too expensive for me. Poncirus is also alive outside but not all that exciting! I’ve read that some varieties of jaboticaba can take it down to 15, so almost as hardy as feijoa. I also planted quite a few auricaria from seed outside this year as we are marginal for them. Oh and toon has survived for three years! Very interesting flavor on that one.
@johnstonj92
@johnstonj92 Ай бұрын
@jkochosc lucky you must be zone 7ish??? That green house must be zone 9 atleast?. There are hybrid jabo's that do well in middle Florida outside and fruit. You might be able to get one for sure. I wonder if wax apples are okay?? Avacado is definitely another for sure and date palm mabey white sapote, or Texas black persimmon?..
@jkochosc
@jkochosc Ай бұрын
@@johnstonj92 I’m listed as 6b so a lot of this stuff is pretty dicey, I think the greenhouse can be 8b ish, especially close to the ground under another cover! I love experiment with marginal stuff but don’t want to do a whole lot of babying. The funnest part for me is finding plants that end up being a little hardier than they’re “supposed” to be.
@wilderfarmstead
@wilderfarmstead 2 ай бұрын
Congratulations to you and your family, Erik! That guild is awesome! I have a smaller cattle panel high tunnel that I'm growing some pawpaws in. I'm going to espalie them. I hope that will eventually lead to a more reliable crop where the spring frost can't burn the flowers.
@wilderfarmstead
@wilderfarmstead 2 ай бұрын
This is very off-topic, but how is that overwintered tobacco plant doing? I'm still interested in buying seed if it's available at the end of the season.
@trumpetingangel
@trumpetingangel 2 ай бұрын
Nice work in the greenhouse! About the moths: You can also freeze any items where you couldn't get rid of the moths otherwise. Worked for me. In other news, the spongy moths have demolished one of my hazelnuts. The other one is holding its own.
@trumpetingangel
@trumpetingangel 2 ай бұрын
What you are also hearing is pieces of leaves falling. At least in my experience, when they get hold of an oak, they munch through and drop pieces of leaves all over the place. (Oaks are one of their favorites.). I like the perspective of carefully observing and concluding that it's essentially pruning. The oaks were defoliated (this was in the early 80s) but leaves grew back before summer was over.
@NorthernGoshawk
@NorthernGoshawk 2 ай бұрын
This also reminds me of the phenomenon wherein squirrels feed on maple buds in early spring, causing the seed that develops from the remaining buds to be fully formed, which increases seed dispersal distance.
@NorthernGoshawk
@NorthernGoshawk 2 ай бұрын
This particular case of caterpillar colonization seems to be the result of island biogeography. Surface area X distance.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
For sure the rules of island biogeography always describe dispersal, but what is more interesting to me is what they do after dispersal. They don’t behave the same way in every situation. They walk up and down the tree, fly away or stick to where they landed, eat different leaves and eat at different canopy levels. In my mind they are traveling overstory canopy pruners allowing low growing plants to access more light and nutrients on a rotating schedule.
@NorthernGoshawk
@NorthernGoshawk 2 ай бұрын
@@jkochosc Increased light in the high canopy probably increases caterpillar metabolism. Insects were never really my thing, but they are ectotherms, so that's my assumption.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
@@NorthernGoshawkyet there are other plants in deep shade getting hammered top and bottom also! To my knowledge it is an open question why they feed where they do.
@breecedjpancake8565
@breecedjpancake8565 2 ай бұрын
Great video. Thanks for posting. Do you worry about the tithonia getting perilously tall this year and impeding/killing some of the trees you planted?
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
I prune them back 3-4 times during the season to keep them in peak growth and provide a little more sun below. The tiny tree seedlings can deal with some shade but definitely not a full on Tithonia hedge :)
@breecedjpancake8565
@breecedjpancake8565 2 ай бұрын
@@jkochosc Makes a lot of sense. Your videos are really a gift. Thank you for the work you put into them - and your site!
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
@@breecedjpancake8565 thank you so much that is very kind! I feel like this is a watershed year in the slow transition from lawn in 2015 to food forest. For years things went at a snails pace and now I think there are enough roots that things are starting to really change:)
@Carnivore27
@Carnivore27 2 ай бұрын
Topsoil regenerates very slow, 1 inch per 100 years (including the input of biodegradable material, compost etc etc). I don't know how fast can roots penetrate and break down the hard soil, maybe more? As you mentioned, if the spade doesn't go very deep this will be a problem for the trees. They will not grow, nor they will die. They will just stay short and small. Better use this area for leafy vegetables, or any edible plant with shallow roots. You can also find trees with shallow roots, or grafted on species with shallow roots. Chestnuts are good option, quinces too. I am talking from personal experience, my family has 1 ha of land mostly used are summer house on a hilly area and cultivation of summer vegetables (non commercial, for personal use). I am 45 years old and there is one pear tree that my grandfather planted in the worst place of the land, like 20 years ago. Couple of meters away there are other trees, quinces, apple trees, walnut trees, even a quite tall fir tree, they grow amazing. None of the trees are shading the pear tree enough so it will affect the growth, regardless the short distance among them. It's just this spot. The pear tree is still alive, but short and small. It has just established there but it doesn't seem to grow at all. If we are lucky we will even get 2-3 pears from that tree, but that's all. I don't want to discourage you, I like people with new ideas and know how to work around a problem. I really hope you it will succeed.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
The larger cherry in the row was planted about 6 years ago and is looking good. 10 feet to the east there is a 30 foot tall red oak growing right out of the bedrock. I have planted many peach trees right into rocky ledge and they can do well! One of the important factors for success is numbers - there are 20x the number of trees planted here than can really grow so we will see who can do it and use the rest to feed and mulch the ones that grow :).
@PennyEvolus
@PennyEvolus 2 ай бұрын
if this was minecraft u could use pistons and tnt to dig down
@wingking077
@wingking077 2 ай бұрын
You may regret those hybrid poplars
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
I wont regret them, I’ve been planting them for 8 years. Wonderful early biomass to jump start things and super easy to prune back or out entirely. Once they are shaded their ability to resprout declines drastically. Poplars are nearly essential to starting woody growth in grassy areas in the northeast.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
I only regret not planting a lot more much earlier on!
@DaniellePJ
@DaniellePJ 2 ай бұрын
Yep thats the same kind of rocky bedrock soil I have
@mountainfigsperennialfruits
@mountainfigsperennialfruits 2 ай бұрын
Looks good. It would be interesting to try this on sheer rock, say an outcropped slab, and see if species' roots could penetrate or grab the rock and grow from there. You can see this sort of thing happening on rock ledges and road cut blast areas through rock, but it would be interesting to try it after initial close up observation of a more-or-less sheer rock face. Looks like you are well set for success with this effort.
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
I think it would work on extremely extremely thin rocky soils as long as there are fractures that roots could penetrate. The thinner and more exposed the soil the more you would have to choose the hardiest species. For sure many species could do it!
@nathanielgraham622
@nathanielgraham622 2 ай бұрын
keep it up! it''ll be lush woodlands before you know it. Im also rehabing poor soils in zone 7a doing 40 acres of pecans, walnuts and hazlenuts. 30' row spacing and alley cropping giant sunflowers, cowpeas and milo sorghum. namaste
@jkochosc
@jkochosc 2 ай бұрын
That’s amazing!! I plant a lot of the northern hardy pecans too - a guy can dream! I bought a small combine last year and will be alley cropping tortilla corn between hazels soon as well :)