One of the strengths of Ruth Ben Ghiat's Strongman is her defining fascism as a subcategory of authoritarianism. This helpfully establishes that Trump is not a fascist, but a different type of threat (for example, in her formulation, fascists abolish elections, while modern-day authoritarians would not be able to get away with that). Awareness of that difference could be helpful in formulating strategies to defeat Trump, should be regain power. A major weakness in her book was her exclusion of left-wing regimes from her study of strongmen. The exclusion of Daniel Ortega, who has destroyed Nicaragua's democracy, using mostly the same techniques Ben-Ghiat describes in her book, may signal a strong ideological bias in her work, putting her credibility gravely at risk.

Great story from Poland! The right wing populist party led by the Public Prosecutor General and Minister of Justice, Zbigniew Ziobro used the Equity Fund, a fund created to support victims of crime (to provide remedy): To buy pegasus spying software and spy on the opposition parties, especially during election campaigns. Close to 600 people in Poland were targeted for surveillance with Pegasus spyware between 2017 and 2022 under the former ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party and to its exclusive benefit! To boost election campaigns of candidates (from the party that controlled the ministry) by spending tens of millions on media: a) through 244 airtime purchase agreements were made - all details in the first part of the story. b) through framework promotion agreements, worth PLN 140 million in which a shortlisted group of agents worked ordered particular media services. The long list of the Fund's beneficiaries and the sheer size of the agreements indicate an unprecedented promotional scope of Ziobro's flagship project and a well-thought-out communication strategy aimed also at media considered independent. That means the right wing parties used unlawfully unprecedented amounts of money before particular elections to fill up the media space with the distorted narrative of their positive image (and the typical hatred, fear and division langauge whe speaking of the opposition) what tipped the scales in the elections. It shows that nearly 90% of the money in question went to districts in which candidates from the Sovereign Poland (Suwerenna Polska) party were running and the testimonies of people close to the process show that it was all rigged up. Between 2019 and 2023, 2,043 grants together valued at a total of more than 224 million zloty were awarded on that basis. Just over 201 million zloty of that sum went to districts in which Sovereign Poland (which until last year was known as United Poland) candidates were standing. Last not least, this leads to rewards in-kind, mainly electric kitechen appliance, bought with the money from the fund and distributed in the regions, by the candidates or on their behalf, locally, where the candidates were standing and shortly before the elections.

The Australia - China trade imbalance : is it a problem when Australia have over $100 billion surplus

Just stop trading!

China will not give up Taiwan because of the experience of "century of humiliation" when western nations unjustly took parts of their territory. Reunification with Taiwan would be the completion of China's liberation from domination of western imperialists. Will China go to war? Yes and no. War is too costly. China prefers peaceful reunification with Taiwan. If Taiwan wants to, it can opt for the "one state, two systems" formula like Hong Kong and Macau. But if Taiwan secedes, then expect PRC to invade the island, even with U.S. promise to defend it.

It's so interesting and insightful lecture! Mr. Snyder is absolutely right!

The US get 300B+ of vendor financing per year from it trade deficit with China. If they decouple, who is going to vendor finance the US ?

😂😂😂arrogant warmonger usa could not accept the reality that usa hagemony and one world order are gone😁😂😂western arrogants were in sleep mode since 2000 when Putin as soon as he came to power forged strong alliance with China. Now in 2024 China and Russia strategic alliance grew in diplomatic,political,military and economical spheres and added Iran and North Korea to thier alliance. ONE WORLD ORDER AND USA HAGEMONY ARE GONE TO THIER GRAVES & MULTIPOLAR ORDER ALEARDY CREATED TXS TO CHINA AND RUSSIA ALLIANCE

USA is really stupid country...

In order for there to be a trade war, the US has to produce something the world wants competitively.

The "mistakes" started in 2014.

Some intellectual dishonesty here. You have no shame. China hasn't taken over Taiwan. Yet you seem to be fascinated by that. Suppose they had already fired shots and killed ,say, 35,000 people. Imagine they had started a ground invasion. That is what is happening in Gaza right now. and the US is arming the invading army. Yet you are concerned about something that hasn't happened just because it includes China??? You really need to worry more about humanity and the value of human lives of something that IS happening rather than engaging in something that hasn't happened.

It's time the west stops sucking blood from the world.

PLEASE Report at the highest level of governance: NOW ON LIFE SUPPORT: Cease and desist on malicious use of AI and poisoning supremacist Communists and terrorists. I'm not your property

Since September 11 USA has killed 2.5+ million 6 million wounded 39 million refugees and left several nations in ruins. US wrote the playbook for NATO in 1992, 32 years ago. Since then US has performed a dozen coups. Hundreds of sanctions embargoes theft of sovereign funds funded contras outright invasions. The proxy war against Russia in Ukraine is a direct outcome. 6 million refugees 500,000 either seriously wounded or dead. $3 trillion in damages. Over half Ukrainian population has PTSD. US policy for 60 years is one China. Of course the US is most corrupt violent war loving nation today. 56 years of two states solution just another lie. At home women are now subject to state control while pregnant. Guns kill 41,000 wound 80,000. 200,000 drug deaths. At our southern border find millions trying to escape climate change along with the barbarism created by 240 years of Monroe Doctrine. US will have no problem turning Taiwan into Ukraine or Gaza or Afghanistan or Iraq. We've lost our way. Most citizens are blissfully self ignorant with little to no knowledge of the world of 8 billion precious humans.

Will USA go to war over Catalina island

We Ind will benefit

The US Mafia state doesn't believe in competition it believes in threats & sanctions to get it's own way.

Cheap modern day slaves is over for the West

China do not need the american Dollars - stop those Chinese exports to America

A declining empire is at its most dangerous n will lash out aimlessly in all directions trying to drag the world down with them

Trade War is a double edged sword, causing both contestants to be wounded. 🧐

There are countries with cheaper wage than China, less or more populous than China, exchange rate more strict than China.

Since the beginning of the new century, the special status of the United States as the only superpower has allowed the US government to handle all affairs with ease and ease, which directly leads to a decline in overall capabilities. The unique political system in the United States has greatly accelerated this evolution, preventing this problem from receiving opportunities for self correction and instead escalating. Unfortunately, this decline is irreversible. Those with insufficient abilities who have already climbed up will not consciously give up their position, but will use all means to prove the rationality of their behavior, leading to the expulsion of good coins by bad ones. It's not that Americans don't have wise and intelligent individuals, but overall, those responsible for making decisions will only increasingly use rough and direct methods, and those who don't will have already been pushed out of the decision-making process. We should be concerned about the future of the world, because the United States is still a powerful country with the most powerful force on Earth. If such a country cannot be redeemed through self correction, its madness when it falls may pull the entire planet down.

A trade war with China is like putting the sandbags after the floodwater is in the house.

As long as the free trade agreement remains, America will eventually sink financially as will Canada

US believes their "exceptionalism" is bulletproof. 😅

I think the US has been having a trade war even before China overtook the US as the world's largest economy (in PPP terms) in Dec 2014. There were tariffs on solar panels from China in 2010-11. It made little difference. In 2024 China accounts for the majority of the world's solar panel manufacture. The US? 1.9%.

This made me laugh. I don't want to seem to be negative on you since you won't read my response to educate yourself. If you looked it up, 85% of Chinese computers run windows os less than 15% use it's homegrown Kylin os apple has to have a few % in there too. In phone there is no viable Chinese os android runs on around 78% and apple on 21%of phones. I would post links to all these fact but youtube takes down my comments when I post links. Look up Sinovel Wind Group which was convicted of theft of trade secrets. China is especially known for this. You can find so many instances of Chinese IP theft. Finding percentage of foreign born workers in American tech companies is harder to come by . I saw that said around 67% of Microsoft employees are American born so if 33 are foreign this is actually a great thing. And this shows your true ignorance. Again look it up Indian and the EU politicians are constantly complaining about the drain of the smartest and brightest go to America and take all there bright ideas and production with that would of increased there own country GDP if they stayed. This is such a big problem that the EU and GB passed all these acts and initiatives to keep people there but very little success American has been awarded by a huge margin the most Nobel prizes and around a third were foreign born. This show that America is the #1 place for the most gifted people to go to and be successful. Not India and definitely not China with its very restricted immigration policies. There has never been anything remotely close to what has happened and is still happening now we're the most intelligent people in the world go to one place. People always talk about the rocket scientist that the US brought over from Germany after the war but in terms of lifted people this literally thousands of time that. The only other time when the most gifted people were at one place was when Annu flooded the world and told Utnapishtim to get best poets and artisans to his ship so they can surely the flood. The immigration of so many tech colleges graduates from Europe to the US is constantly blamed for Europe weak growth and how the US surpassed the EU in GDP. And in India it's blamed for why they haven't surpassed China yet.

Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake ...... Napoleon Bonaparte China will just sit back and seep tea .....see the collapse great show.

Don't be ridiculous; no sane American would choose to work in a factory. McDonald's offers better pay and a more flexible schedule, making it a much more attractive option.

China made big quantity, america made high price.

If you don't like cheap products from other countries, just shup up and don't purchase from them, and don't complain when others don't purchase your expensive goods from you

Why do we want a Trade war to begin with? Is it in the blood of USA to always have anything war associated?

US lost big time during the last trade war. Look at the inflation, and interest rate. Just look around, how many people cannot afford housing, end up on the steet. Keep in mind that inflation do tends to stay. No one accepts a lower wages. This trade war forever kill america as manufacturing countries.

The US is using trade war as an excuse for its own agenda and lay the blame on China for everything that happened. The US actively used it as an instrument of coercion to enforce US economic interests and US hegemony. The US is implementing protectionist policies in the form of trade barriers as part of its hallmark in its economic conflicts with China. It is the prerogative of the US to impose new trade tariffs on EV’s and other China green energy imports. The 100% tariff by the US on EV will hurt the lower income Americans most as it deprave the lower income Americans from owning an inexpensive and good EV for their daily transportation. The 100% tariff is a tax levied on cheap China EV that the lower income Americans have to pay in order to owns an EV from China made models. Other countries will be able to enjoy an inexpensive and affordable car within their means But instead, the US discourage China and other countries from challenging the US leadership or seeking to overturn the established political and economic order. The US must maintain the mechanisms for deterring potential competitors in other countries from even aspiring to a larger regional or global role. The major US objective is to safeguard US interests and promote US foreign policy. The US set China up as a bogeyman for its inept handling to its economic crisis and its social problems as a matter of convenience by projecting the blame onto China instead of taking full responsibility for its self-inflicted woes and catastrophe that the US itself has created. The US tried to lay the blame at the door of China with trade war and economic sanctions. Behind all the blame game is the US hegemony and dominance over the world. The US will not tolerate any objection that threatens US hegemony regarding US interests and US foreign policy. The US like to portrays other countries as an antagonists and as well as an adversary when the US face with competition to its economy in technology and high-tech industries that the US regard it as their domains and sphere of influence and will not accept any competition from another country. The US accuses China of excess capacity in green energy. The US like to use ambiguous words like decoupling, derisking, and tariffs in implementing trade barriers and economic sanctions against China. The US wanted to destroys China and its economy in order to prevent China from competing with the US. The US multiple sanctions and policy is a deliberate attempt by the US to obliterate China in its economic and trade war against China. The US sanctions has long been a diplomatic and economic tool used by US seeking to influence others. The dense bureaucratic jargon and minute technical detail is a declaration of economic war on China. It’s the prerogative of the US to impose new trade tariffs on EV’s and other China green energy imports. The USTR report includes a summary Section 301 tariffs on the US economy. Since their introduction in 2018, US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has collected more than $200 billion in Section 301 tariffs on affected imports from China. The auto industry is always consider by the US as the backbone of its industrial capabilities. With the advent of the EV”s overhauling the auto industry from the internal combustion engine to electric vehicles, the US and the West found themselves left behind with the inabilities to compete successfully with China. The US tariff and multiple sanctions is a deliberate attempt by the US to obliterate China in its economic and trade war against China. Europe allowed themselves to be screw by the US as they are slaves to the US interest and the US foreign policy. Europe are buddies of the big bully and the big bully maintains the system that they benefit from the carefully crafted US “so-called” US rule based international order that they want to keep the system in place in order to make sure that the various privilege that they have in the world economy are not taken away or threatened their privilege position. The US is full of mischief by creating trouble and exerting its power and hegemony as well as economic dominance all over the world.

3:09 The USA bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1 dollar is equal to 58 pesos but 1 yuan is only 8 pesos even though Philippines has issues in South China Sea and people wants to Boycott chineese products it will not happen its a self destruct idea.

War is never good. Never start a war.

In China's 5,000-year-history, China has never been colonialist like the Europeans (British Empire, French Empire, German Empire, Dutch Empire, Spanish Empire, Portuguese Empire) and Americans. Even when the Mongol Empire stretched all the way to Europe, China did not try to emulate them. China built the Great Wall to keep out the Western barbarians. Even when Zheng He's "treasure fleet" of 300+ ships went all the way to the East coast of Africa, he conquered no territory. His mission was purely diplomatic. His fleet carried 28,000 warriors. Some 62 of those ships were many times larger than the ships of Christopher Columbus. The greatest extent of imperial China was the Qing Dynasty in the 1800s. A map of China at that time looks much like the map of modern China, minus Mongolia. What does a map of the British Empire and American Empire look like compared to modern-day Britain and America?

China has fought *no wars* in the last 45 years since 1979. This makes China the most peaceful world power the world has ever known. How many wars has the USA fought during this period? How many wars has the UK fought during this period? How many wars has NATO fought during this period? Is the collective West as peaceful as China is?

China may not go to war with Taiwan, as we are all Chinese with brothers and sisters intertwined. China will go to war with the US. Since the US surrounding China in preparation for war, China is not afraid of the weak US. The US dares not war with China alone, always getting someone to the forefront. How many wars have the US win? NONE. THE US is WEAK! Will the US send their sons and daughters to die for Taiwan and the Philippines? Not going to happen.

It is too late for USA to do anything.

Small countries like the US cannot go into a trade war with a SUPER POWER like China, just going to backfire on the small country and its own people, like we see happening in the small country known as the US, right now Amazing how US has destroyed themselves from within, and all because of political greed and end time capitalism. At least one has to give Capitalism it's dues, it is doing EXACTLY WHAT IT PROMISED FROM THE START, ASTRONOMICAL INEQUALITY and OWNERSHIP of a COUNTRY'S WEALTH in the hands of a VERY TINY MINORITY, at the EXPENSE of the MAJORITY, and LASTLY, $$$ PROFIT$ OVER HUMAN LIFE!

Trade war started with trump, US already lost, they went from decouple to derisk, now striaght up 100% tariff and non stop sanctions, non of which has slowed down china. Now from the latest g7 meeting, non of the countries bar from uk was with the US to conduct a trade war with china, not even loyalist japan.

North Korea has learned this lesson.

Only the US won't force Taiwan to fight one more proxy war, Chinese of both sides will solve their internal issues peacefully. Mind our own business, politicians, and focus on own own problems.

Isn't the US set up to bring in sub market priced goods and materials into the US to build its economy - this is how it gets wealthy? Then American labour should not be an important consideration in how the empire works? If so, what is this professor talking about?

US hates China and it is a good thing. China don't have to compete with them or bow to the Americans. They need to focus helping other countries and Make Africa and Asia Great Again (MAAGA), LOL

Too early. With alliance 💪🏻 Rebuild , stop buying China products. Philippine is the key , make thousands of partnership on alliance country.