I would probably search my document for the abbreviation and make sure that it was the same in those other locations. Also search for the full name of the abbreviated word to make sure that you abbreviated it the first time you used it in your paper and then only use the abbreviation after that. Good luck!

Welcome to the world of academics 😂 everything takes a while. If others have faster ways, please share. Doing it this way also helps you make sure that you have the references you want in the right places.

You're welcome! Glad it was helpful.

The best explanation of this that I have provided in a video is here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qNJxY6iqsuC0XZs.html I don't directly answer your question though. The issue of how self-determination is related to self-esteem is not straight forward and I think it would be mediated by self-efficacy and value. But I would have to think though it more. I don't know of studies that have examined that exact relationship off the top of my head.

@@BrettDJones thank you. Im going to check it out.

Operant conditioning has been used in many ways by high school teachers, both intentionally and unintentionally. Your example is one way that it can be used. Of course, it would only be effective if allowing phone use changed the behavior you wanted to change. I assume you're thinking that it could be used to increase their engagement with class activities: If you pay attention and do your work, you will get to use your phone at the end of the class. If engagement increases, then the phone use would be serving as a positive reinforcement. I'm not saying that teachers should do this, I'm just saying that it is an example of operant conditioning. Ideally, students would be engaged for other reasons, but that's the topic of my other videos. Also, the long-term effects of this strategy would have to be monitored. For example, does giving them 10 minutes of phone use make them feel controlled/manipulated (reducing their perceptions of empowerment) and/or make them angry with the teacher? If so, maybe the cost is not worth the benefit. Good teachers monitor the entire motivational climate (all MUSIC model variables) when considering which strategies to use and how they're working to achieve the desired outcomes. Thanks for asking!

@@BrettDJones WOW thank you for that well thought out answer!

@@BrettDJones Good morning. Cell phones are not allows during instruction time. I'm still navigating through all of the ed. psych courses to get the best fit!

Hi Mary, yes, please feel free to use the video as part of your presentation. I hope it goes well!

I don't know. Does anyone else out there know?

@@BrettDJones No

Came to the comments to say exactly this!

There are too many theories and methods to name in a chat. You can google about it to see. There are theories and research related to learning, development, motivation, assessment, behavior management, etc.

Could you name a few please?

Educational psychologists apply theories from many different sub-disciplines within psychology and education, including social cognitive theory, information processing theory, behaviorist theories, interest theories, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities, etc.

@@BrettDJones that’s great. Thank you

I'm not sure I understand your question exactly, but educational psychology programs in universities are usually within education departments instead of psychology departments.

Thanks for your comment and interest! It's hard to give generic advice about research, especially in short comments like this. One important thing is to read articles related to your topic of interest. In this case if your interest is in "interest" and in the MUSIC model, you can read articles by those researchers to see the types of questions they are asking/answering and how they are doing it.

Glad to hear it, thanks for letting me know!

Thanks! Your summary is correct. Let me know if you have other questions.

The latest version of the MUSIC Inventory that we have validated is 19 items for college students (doi.org/10.1177/07342829221121695) available for free at www.themusicmodel.com/questionnaires/

Thanks! If you email me I can send you some resources: [email protected]

It depends on where you are citing it and their expectations. But the key thing is to provide enough information so that someone else can find it. For example, you'd want to include the author's name, date, title, and URL.

One issue that some scholars have raised is that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are not two separate constructs. If that's true, then the conceptualization of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in SDT may be problematic. For example, Hidi (2016) notes that: "neuroscientists who study brain activity and evaluate the neural substrates of motivation thus far have not established that distinct neural substrates exist for extrinsic and intrinsic motivation" (p. 80). psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-18094-001

You're very welcome!

Thanks for the message. Typically teachers talk to students individually to resolve conflicts. But if the two cannot come to an agreement, someone else is brought in to mediate the situation. In a K-12 setting, that would likely be an assistant principal. In a higher education setting, that would be a department head.

Thanks for the message. I'm a little unsure if you have a question for me or if you were just wondering in general. If you have a specific question for me, can you please restate it so I can be sure I understand it correctly? Thanks!

@@BrettDJones What I described, seems to be the cycle I'm in as it relates to the phases of self regulation. There seems to be some underlying psychology to why my eyes felt so sleepy and so tired listening to your interesting and informative video. I think the cycle is that in the forethought I know Im going to be struggling to keep my mind from wandering into day dreams. Ill think about something you said, and it will then float off into a day dream where I use this new found knowledge in a imagined argument where i become victorious, and then I wake up from the day dream and I 6 min has passed in the video that I wasn't paying any attention to at all. It seems to be the reaction to self awareness phase, where I am unsatisfied that I couldn't pay attention, and my mind goes into self defense and either distracts me with daydreams, or my mind will make my eyes the most tired they have every been, or ill get distracted with trying to set up the perfect environment as I'm trying to learn. I don't know if I missed it, but is there a way to deal with this cycle of anticipating discomfort and distractions and not being able to have any control and almost a physical aversion to accomplishing tasks i need to do?

@@SIRA063 OK, I see, thanks for the clarification. It is hard for me to give you advice on the Internet based on this one example. If you often have difficulty paying attention to videos or lectures, you could work on your attention skills. One way to do this is to practice meditation (for example, by sitting with your eyes closed and thinking about nothing), starting with a few minutes at a time and then increasing the amount of time you meditate. A practical solution may be to simply pause the video when you start day dreaming. If you're thinking about something related to what you're learning, it could help you learn the information if you are elaborating on the information or tying it to what you already know. But if you're just daydreaming about something unrelated to the topic, then it sounds like you need to practice increasing your attention skills. I don't have a source to point you to immediately, but if you google it, you will certainly find meditation techniques that you could use. It may take some time. Of course, if you have attention deficit disorder, there are medications for that. But I would try other strategies first unless your problem is very severe, in which case, you may want to talk to a doctor about it. I can't really give you advice based on such little information over the Internet, so these are just some ideas that may or may not be applicable to you. I would suggest talking to a professional about it if it is a severe problem for you.

Well, I be darned! Where were you when I first started my project???? lol THANKS!

@@asimahskelton1766 Haha! Well, there's always the next project :)

I guess split options would be fine if you can split it vertically. It's better to have the references longer in the vertical direction so you don't have to scroll as much to find each reference in your list.

Great, I'm glad it worked.

Great, I'm glad it was helpful!