Well done. Thanks for mentioning the original drum application

Very interesting and thorough, as always. Thank you again for your video production here and for all the others.

You are a genius sir. So well explained. A pleasure to watch.

great presentation i have ever seen ... Now i have seen my entire theory in practical experience thanks a lot professor

Awesome - now I understand better. Thank you for taking the time to explain sir.

Another great tutorial Peter. Well done!

Hi Peter, Thanks for taking the time to do a FM deviation tutorial, always enjoy your videos. 73

Great video, your a great teacher as always thank you very much for all information, Have a great day Peter

I was able to set the deviation on an FM transceiver using this method using a mobile phone, an SDR receiver, and an oscilloscope. It took a couple attempts because the makeshift signal generator did not keep a constant audio level as the frequency changed. Once I realized the problem, I changed my method a bit. Take the specified deviation in the service manual and divide by 2.405. Use a tone generator to produce tone at this frequency. Set the tone level to what is specified in the service manual by checking with an oscilloscope. Play tone into radio input while transmitting. Watch the waterfall on the SDR transceiver, and adjust the radio's deviation until the carrier frequency disappears. When I was finished, the resulting adjustment was within about 1.5% of what the radio arrived with.

Great job Peter, I loved the way you tied things back to the mathematical fundamentals, it gives me a warm and fuzzy feeling ;o) Keep up the great work and thanks for sharing.

Excelente profesor. Saludos desde México!

Vielen Dank für das perfekte Video. Einfach und gut erklärt !

I clear understand about FM deviation by your video ,so i'm very thank you for it.

I understand so much more now. Thank you so much good sir

How great it is to attend one of professor Peter's lectures at TRX University without leaving home. Thanks Prof P !

Hello Peter, Good explanation. Have learned something again, thanks.

Very cool, Peter! Thanks for the thorough description. I've heard of the Bessel Null function in FM broadcasting, but it's neat to see what it means and how it's derived. You should do more theory discussions like this! :-)

Thanks for your lesson Peter !

Great as usual! Thanks Peter

That was pretty interesting ... Thank you 👌

Great explanation. Thanks

thank you a lot! this was very helpful

Beautiful equipment!

Hi Peter, an informative presentation. I used my OWON XSZ1015P Spectrum Analyser and my Marconi 2031 Sig Gen to test it out at 28MHz with 5KHz deviation at -10dbm. I found 2 lower frequency nulls #1 at 581.4Hz, #2 at 909.4Hz and #3 at 2.083KHz all nulling down the fundamental to about -90dbm. The Spectrum Analyser in ''modulation mode'' showed a Peak deviation of 5.05KHz, 5.04KHz and 5.01KHz. All quite close results. Based on the modulation Index of 2.4048 for 1st Bessel null this calculates to an audio freq of 2.076KHz for 5.00 KHz deviation. So I am confused by the 1st 2 nulls as they should not be there. I think the best way is to to use the formula to calculate the audio freq based on Audio (KHz) = Deviation/2.4048 and trim it for a null on the SP. Cheers Mike

I used to give analog and digital modulation lectures long time ago. I wish I had got an SA to show my students the modulations spectrum in the frequency domain. Thanks.

Great educational video

Nice video, I think I will watch it again and I will add it to my "electronics education and stuff" list of saved videos. 73 Leo

Thanks a lot Sir, it is very educative and answered lots of questions that I had in mind. Keep it up !

Hi Peter, I am trying to fix my HP8590L spectrum analyzer and would like to seek your advice on some of the issues. 1. I tried to measure the signal path from the RF to the IF with a 500Mhz scope which I borrowed but I cannot see any sensible signal between the output and the input of the different stages. Of course at 2.4 Ghz I would expect issues with the scope shorting the signal due to capacitance but at 300 Mhz I expected it to work. When I disconnect the wires from the SA I see on the screen that the signals disappear hence there must be a signal inside the cable its just that my scope doesn’t seem to pick it up. Do you have a recommendation how I could check the signals, I do not have another spectrum analyser. I tried a small hand made coil (contact less) but didn’t help either. Is it impossible to measure in your opinion ? 2. I see a nice signal on the SA at a SPAN of 100khz and above. The moment I tur the nob below 100Khz the signal becomes useless. Can you recommend where to search ? www.eevblog.com/forum/repair/hp8590l-spectrum-analyzer-calibration-signal-issues/new/?topicseen#new Highly appreciated Bjoern

Hey dr op. Nice video!!! What is the m value of CB radios modulation? Is has to be smaller than 5?!

很专业 虽然现在我听不懂，也不明白，以后我会懂的 Very professional although I do not understand now, do not understand, I will understand in the future

So to sum up.. feed in 2khz and adjust deviation for the carrier or bazel null on the spectrum?

Terrific video! What software is that, it’s fantastic to have that on your pc

Thankyou so much.

TNX for another great video !!! 73 N8AUM

Thanks for the explanation. I will try to measure the deviation of my signal generator FM modulation option which is not documented.

Great and many thx ! I didn't have a clue that the Bessel functions have something to do with the spectrum of a FM modulation, now you just proved it. I vote to have now some more expalantions (of the math side), could you give us a site or something to read more about this ? When I study for the HAREC license, these little formulas sound silly, I would be happy and remind easyier if I can unterstand the math under the formulas.

Hello. Which rf generator do you use?

thanks!

Hi Peter, what do you mean, could I also measure that with a CW receiver and narrow band filter of for example 180Hz? 73 Bernd

splendid, magnificent, brilliant, dazzling, glittering, glowing, radiant, gorgeous, transcendent, impressive, imposing, spectacular, striking, stunning, glorious, superb, majestic, great, awe-inspiring, breathtaking, fine; informalsplendiferous; raresplendacious, magnolious

Good evening, thanks for the interesting video. I have a question: @minute 37'30" you said "...we have seen that our Bessel zero is @ 2.4". I searched backward but I didn't understand how you can say that. Please can you help me to understand? Thanks again. Andrea

Ein sehr guter Vortrag. Ich würde es für begrüßen, wenn Sie diesen Votrag für alle, die nicht englisch verstehen, eine deutsche Version zu veröffenlichen.

Great video for introduction to FM and FM deviation. However the carrier null shown does not seem to be the first null (2.4). Audio frequency at start was very low which means very high m. As the fm is increased m decreases and the null shown is a higher order null. Deviation by calculation should be much higher than 5 KHz.

Can I ask you how does squelch work in FM transceivers? Is it signal strength based or something else? Thank you.

Wonder how did you inject a 28 mhz carrier signal ,because your sig generator goes only to 25 mhz?you use another generator???? thanks ...Ruben

8:56 but this diegramm is a little bit confusing , I mean for FM because I usuelly can't see the modulation like that on my oecilloecope unless there is a really slow signal like 10 Hz or something so then I can see sinewave expanding on the screen...

Why there are minus signs and why is start with minus sign in vertical -axis?

What is the make and model spectrum analyzer, please?

Great Video , please could you kindly help to view FM signal and AM on Oscilloscope , so to check these signals in Time domain .

FM deviation it's not easy to understand, but we appreciate a lot what you have done for your followers. It's not so clear 4 me, how it's possible see deviation without carrier signal. :(

I think the bessel 0 point you have achieved here is not the first bessel 0 point (i.e modulating index =2.41) because if it was so then while you were increasing the frequency of the audio signal amplitude of the central tone should go from negative to zero as shown in the bessel graph. But in your case amplitude of central tone was coming from positive to zero while you were increasing the frequency so maybe it was any one of the next bessel 0 points.

I like your accent :)

50kh dummy plug?

Junkbox