That's right there is so so many ways to build a cc cv supply but only a few ways are the right way to do it in my opinion my most recent design uses an opto coupler to pull the base junction of the series pass to the positive sense terminal AKA the emitter but after the current measuring resistor and wire to the output terminal

@@davidknightaudio934 And the good news: that optocoupler won’t be used all that much, so led aging will be minimal. And it will last a long, long time. I like that idea very much!

The current limiter amplifier is just that - an amplifier, not a comparator. It is run open-loop at DC with a pole set by C8. There are advantages to pulling down the voltage setpoint rather than running a "separate" circuit directly controlling the pass elements. In the latter configuration the voltage error amplifier would swing to the rail when the circuit was in current limiting, putting a large charge on C9. If the current demand were suddenly dropped the charge on C9 might keep the voltage error amp at the rail, commanding maximum output voltage, for a considerable time. This can be catastrophic. Limiting the voltage across capacitors in error amplifiers can improve matters substantially in large-signal circumstances, but it is often far from easy and requires a more elaborate circuit. Sometimes something as simple as a zener can help, but you have to pay very close attention to the characteristics of the zener, mostly how sharp the knee is. Low voltage zeners (i.e. true zeners, as opposed to the higher voltage avalanche diodes with call zeners) are generally horrible around the knee. Managing dynamic performance in a supply that can operate in either CC or CV mode is an exercise in tradeoffs. Most power supplies optimized for good CV performance have substantial capacitance at their output.That is in a very big conflict with the objectives of CC operation because CC can't even begin until the output cap has been discharged to the point where it isn't supplying 100% of the output current during the transition.

Thank you for the complement. Yes it is tricky to get the infrastructure right. Most important is the audio! I tried many ways. What works for me is a lapel microphone (RØDE Lavalier GO). I use a Sony UX560 digital recorder on a lanyard and clip the microphone to the lanyard so it is about 6" below my mouth. ok now lighting. I have LED lighting above and forward of me so I don't cast shadows. I have a good tripod and it is ALWAYS in my way. Sometimes I put it off to the side so I can work but the video will be off angle and not that great. For this video I had to put my right arm around the tripod and the camera ends up at my right ear. I probably should have a dedicated hanging tripod from above. I've though about it. Good camera good lens. I use a Lumix GX7 with Lumix G X Vario 12-35mm f/2.8. For macro the best lens is an old Nikon 55mm f/2.8 macro manual focus. post process is Sony Movie Studio. Feel free to ask more.

@@IMSAIGuy Thank you so much. Every experience counts for me. We are somehow lost here without a significant support from authorities. They simply said - do the remote learning, that is all. So we try to do our best for our students, but it is no an easy task. I'm in addition an admin of small LAN with 100 PC machines in four labs and try to use that machines for teaching, tricky task. In my free time I'm interested in RF antenna design - I found your NANO VNA movies, that is the path to you :). To the topic - I use pen tablet and ms word to imitate hand writing but it is resource consuming method. Your Lumix perfoms really good. I have a Nikon D7100 and have never thought about it as a streaming tool, I have to try that concept. One obstacle I can see is I have to do everything on-line, postprocessing is not possible :). Greetings.

Thanks, what topic are you interested in. Here are some videos on spectrum analyzers: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/jKuPndiT3semfIU.html kzfaq.info/get/bejne/r9FmpdaJ07_am2w.html kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eK9zns9yl7zYkqM.html

there will be zero volts across the load. in cc mode, it will not go to zero, it will go to what every voltage gives the current programmed

Thanks! @@IMSAIGuy

A well-designed CC supply will be able to reduce the output voltage to very nearly zero in order to deliver constant current into a short circuit. In practical terms there will always be some non-zero voltage at the output terminal of the pass device because of voltage drops that happen in connecting wires, but it could be only a few millivolts to tens of millivolts.