This Video is About Electroadhesion.

Рет қаралды 116,479

22 күн бұрын

How would you stick a slice of banana to a sheet of copper? Until a few months ago, you couldn’t. But a new discovery called “hard-soft electroadhesion” enables chemists to stick almost any hydrogel to almost any metal, using nothing but an electric current. Join George as he tries to replicate electroadhesion in his basement and discovers what it has in common with superglue… and, surprisingly, water.
#Electroadhesion
#ACSCentralScience
#ChemistryExperiment
#DIYScienceExperiment
#DIYChemistry
#Superglue
#HowGlueWorks
Credits:
Executive Producer: Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Darren Weaver
Writer & Host: George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.
Rigoberto C. Advincula, Ph.D.
Leila Duman, Ph.D.
Srinivasa R. Raghavan, Ph.D.
Wenhao Xu
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2024 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
Reversibly Sticking Metals and Graphite to Hydrogels and Tissues
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsc...
Electroadhesion Technologies for Robotics: A Comprehensive Review
ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/...
Electroadhesion with application to touchscreens
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/artic...
Advancement of Electroadhesion Technology for Intelligent and Self‐Reliant Robotic Applications
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
Visualization methods for understanding the dynamic electroadhesion phenomenon
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Surface haptics via electroadhesion: Expanding electrovibration with Johnsen and Rahbek | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore
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Interfacial Phenomena in Adhesion and Adhesive Bonding | SpringerLink
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What are adhesives and sealants and how do they work? - ScienceDirect
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A review of adhesion science - ScienceDirect
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Adhesion: Molecules and Mechanics | Science
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
Handbook of Adhesives | SpringerLink
link.springer.com/book/10.100...
Knovel - kHTML Viewer
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Bonding Mechanism of Cyanoacrylates on SiO2 and Au: Spectroscopic Studies of the Interface | The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs....
Advancement of Electroadhesion Technology for Intelligent and Self‐Reliant Robotic Applications - Rajagopalan - 2022 - Advanced Intelligent Systems - Wiley Online Library
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
Unravelling the Chemical Influence of Water on the PMMA/Aluminum Oxide Hybrid Interface In Situ | Scientific Reports
www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
Dissimilar material joining of densified superwood to aluminum by adhesive bonding | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
link.springer.com/article/10....
An inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy (IETS) study of poly(vinylacetate) poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinylalcohol) adsorbed on aluminium oxide - ScienceDirect
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Molecular imaging of paper cross sections by FT-IR spectroscopy and principal component analysis | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
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Understanding Wood Bonds-Going Beyond What Meets the Eye: A Critical Review
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Content Not Found: Ingenta Connect
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www.fpl.fs.usda.gov/documnts/...
Role of contact electrification and electrostatic interactions in gecko adhesion - PMC
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Chemistry Ph.D. Explains how Super Glue Actually Works.
• Chemistry Ph.D. Explai...
Compound Interest: Sticky Science - The Chemistry of Superglue
www.compoundchem.com/2015/10/...
What makes super glue so super? | HowStuffWorks
home.howstuffworks.com/questi...
Electron Microscopy for Visualization of Interfaces in Adhesion and Adhesive Bonding | SpringerLink
link.springer.com/chapter/10....

Пікірлер: 506

@ACSReactions 21 күн бұрын

In case you don't want to scroll all the way down to our sources in the video description, here's the electroadhesion paper: pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.3c01593 And based off the not-yet-published stuff they told us about while we were shooting, we may have to do a follow up video at some point down the road.

@xtieburn 20 күн бұрын

Hmm, isnt the electroadhesion paper that team did 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01593 ?

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

Whoops, it sure is, thank you for noticing! Edited.

@babyoda1973 13 күн бұрын

Dude you got to meet them that is so cool those guys are heros and you're a legend 😊

@ioanacsinte7971 Күн бұрын

I really love this video and i have one idea how work glues in general, probably is wrong but I say anyway , This is from many physics disciplines : 1. From thermodynamics hot body gives electrons to cold body ,( the same principle of calorimeter ) if you melted bismuth and add another piece of cold bismuth or another metal you can see liquid metal are sticking by cold metal 2. From chemistry regular super glue are sticking by another surface but in the same time is heated or overheated depends by type of surface because give electrons to the second body 3. And electro chemistry “ electroadhesion” is the same principle of first and second samples but add electrons artificial by humans. Is just electrons transfer from one material to another but because atoms are not changed between this 2 body’s are sticking just in electrons. Actually that blue colour from gel is made by copper ions ( copper electrons) sticking in gel

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

Clearly chemists should be required to hire 3-year-olds to continuously ask them "but why?", until they realize that the answer is "nobody knows (yet)."

@a.randomjack6661 20 күн бұрын

Why could be anything. The complicated questions are "how",

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

@@a.randomjack6661 why and how serve the same function in this context. You can't tell why without telling how. But sure, most 3-year-olds can also employ "how."

@a.randomjack6661 20 күн бұрын

Ever listened to Lawrence Krauss talking about this? Maybe you should...

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

@@a.randomjack6661 You've been rather vague with that suggestion, I assume Lawrence has said a great many things about hows and whys, but here is one of them: "I think the biggest philosophical questions - why is there something rather than nothing - have now become scientific questions, and that the hows and whys are actually the same thing. In science, 'why' questions can always be recast as 'how' questions. And that's the kind of question I can try and answer." Big Think interview, 2011. I would generalize that to mean that he is referring to avoiding the kind of vague existential "whys," not the specific ones, like why does this chemical stick to that one.

@unvergebeneid 20 күн бұрын

Isn't that what being a scientist is? Minus the three-year-olds and plus finding some actual explanations?

@FennecTECH 20 күн бұрын

The jello became blue because copper ions were driven into the jello by running current through it from a copper plate

@Alfred-Neuman 20 күн бұрын

prove it...

@jamesmcmanus 19 күн бұрын

@@Alfred-Neuman The proof is in the pudding.

@ganjalfcreamcorn8438 19 күн бұрын

Makes sense for sure

@SeaTurtle1122 19 күн бұрын

If that were the case, I think we would expect to see a gradient where the blue color is strongest closest to the plate and weakest closest to the opposite plate. The sample he showed appeared to be a relatively uniform blue tint, and the time frame seems very short for ion transport like that, so I’m skeptical

@animehair05silently88 18 күн бұрын

I'd be interested in seeing that hypothesis tested; probably you could test clear gels with copper electrodes until you find one that turns blue like in the video, then see if it does the same with graphite electrodes? or alternately teat all your gels with both copper electrodes and graphite instead of only testing graphite on the ones that turn blue with copper

@rylanpeepee 20 күн бұрын

If i ever need to gule a piece of metal to jello, I'll come back to this video.

@quintessenceSL 20 күн бұрын

Someone will eventually figure out how to isolate the direction charge and end up gluing two metals together with jello. And that has huge implications in labor savings (just assemble and apply current).

@AySz88 19 күн бұрын

It wasn't on the screen very long, but the paper talks about gluing *tissues* to metals. As in, body parts.

@Kenionatus 19 күн бұрын

A small step for humanity, a huge leap for flesh robots. @@AySz88

@bobert6259 18 күн бұрын

You can reversibly glue “almost any hydrogel to almost any metal”, where hydrogel includes fruits, veggies, meat, etc. so basically you can stick almost anything biological (any hydrogel but close enough!) to any hard surface. That’s pretty remarkable imo.

@Risky_Boots999 13 күн бұрын

wish i saw this last week

@gmozzi5827 20 күн бұрын

This is an astounding example of science communication. Clear, concise, stimulating; seeing you do the experiments, getting sidetracked, asking questions and not immediately having answers makes the journey enjoyable and instructive (THIS is how science works!). thank you for making it

@Dcjoe94 14 күн бұрын

Is it heating. The jello stuff or whatever it is food related? Like cooking it with microscopic plasma?

@r-i-v-v 13 күн бұрын

@@Dcjoe94ionic bonding ?

@gl15col 10 күн бұрын

I always get a giggle out of science deniers who triumphantly say "See, they didn't know every possible thing about this subject, and now new facts have changed how they explain it!" Hah, jokes on them. Scientists love it when new facts come up and change the explanation for something. New knowledge is the gold medal, the thing they're working for. A true scientist does not have any problem with changing a hypothesis to integrate new discoveries, as long as it takes them closer to the final solution.

@andrewtinker7537 20 күн бұрын

This seems to be a bit of rediscovery. Edison invented an audio amplifier based on electroadhesion he called the 'electro-motograph', after noting that passing an electric current between a wet absorbent substance and a metal plate caused the wet substance to stick. It used adhesion between a rotating metal disk and a chalk electrode or a rotating chalk disk and a metal electrode. Passing an intermittent electric current, for example from a carbon microphone, between the chalk and metal would cause the chalk to adhere and then slip, and the resulting pull/release action on the electrode was transmitted to a speaker diaphragm by a string.

@user-xj8wy4uu1q 18 күн бұрын

Cool

@wolvenar 20 күн бұрын

I accidentally found this property/ reaction between metals and various soft foods when I was a kid in the 1980s. I was experimenting with what I could use to make batteries. Well more so seeing what would work as an electrolyte, and if any of them would allow reforming of metals so they could recharge. I mentioned I was just a kid right?) I didn't realize there was anything particularly special about it and shrugged it off as something mildly interesting. Makes you wonder how many other discoveries have happened but not realized.

@zinckensteel 20 күн бұрын

LOADS, but most never find a place in the realm of practical tech that leads to it being widely known. Most discoveries start with "huh, that's weird.." ..but most people don't have an aggrandizing university name behind them that wants nothing more than to HYPE THAT SHIT.

@michaelandersen7535 19 күн бұрын

My favorite instance of this is the "discovery" that meal worms can eat and digest polystyrene, which got people really excited about the recycling possibilities. Farmers, who feed meal worms to chickens, replied with "yeah, everyone knows they eat polystyrene. That's why you can't keep them in polystyrene cups"

@PixlRainbow 19 күн бұрын

@@michaelandersen7535tbf, it's a bit more complicated than that. It's one thing to know that mealworms eat polystyrene, it's another thing to know that they actually digest it properly rather than just passing it through or accumulating it.

@machematix 15 күн бұрын

@@PixlRainbow this is amazing news! I grow mealworms for my lizards. Unfortunately I don't have dinosaurs so I can't break down much... But I wonder if the bacteria would get passed on to other species they live with... I read it works with shrimp, but what about the lizard itself? Probably not. Guess I just need more lizards to eat the hordes of mealworms. Or go feed the birds.

@1495978707 20 күн бұрын

Yes, it was *crazy* to me as a physicist entering materials science to realize that there's nothing all that special going on with adhesives, just a whole lot of surface contact. Most things that touch only actually make atomic contact on a small fraction of the surfaces. Pretty much anything that can go from liquid to solid can be a glue, even metal can! Which is what solder is. But! Wetting is important, just because you have a liquid on a solid doesn't mean it fills in all the nooks and crannies and bonds to it. Surface energy does matter too, which is why teflon is very hard to stick to

@andrewgregoryhansen1209 9 күн бұрын

Teflon does make a great oxidizer in thermitic reactions. Though it goes off with a bang, and is prone to static, so…

@jemmerllast8492 6 күн бұрын

Which blows my mind that we have developed adhesives that work with PTFE! When I first came across it at work I was shocked it (PTFE adhesive tape) even existed

@wellscampbell9858 20 күн бұрын

Gonna guess the blue was copper salts formed by electrolysis.

@vapenation7061 19 күн бұрын

correct it’s due to Cu2+ ions in the gel

@yegfreethinker 10 күн бұрын

Was thinking the same

@AstridDaFox 18 күн бұрын

Small correction. Water is extremely sticky. Where you can wipe up most oils without having a large amount of residue left behind, water will leave a damp spot. This ability to stick to things is one of the reasons that water is so good for life because it will dissolve anything that is slightly polar which includes the nutrients inside cells. It just doesn't feel sticky because it's not very viscous. Good video though.

@hathzorz 20 күн бұрын

Very surprising when the scientist in the paper you were talking about ended up being my professor from undergrad!

@dj_laundry_list 20 күн бұрын

I'm trying to adhere to your lecture material but this lesson didn't really stick. I just can seem to bond with you on this. At least it wasn't tacky.

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

the writing's really on the van der Waals here haha I'm so sorry

@BarteG44 20 күн бұрын

Nerd to nerd communication

@dj_laundry_list 20 күн бұрын

@@ACSReactions I find it ionic that you're forcing the issue. This might be an anode-dyne thing to say, but this is very cathodeartic

@tedarcher9120 19 күн бұрын

Need more voltage applied to your parts

@ivoryas1696 13 күн бұрын

@@BarteG44 All according to Kekaku, one could say! 🤓

@ktktktktktktkt 20 күн бұрын

I feel like you could stick a smooth metal plate to a banana just with its moisture and surface tension though haha

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

Yes! You totally can, and if you've never done it before it's hard to tell if you're getting electroadhesion or just smooshed banana. But there is, in fact, a difference.

@SilvaDreams 19 күн бұрын

Pretty much this entire video was either him burning something between the two plates or it just sticking do to surface tension.

@cavemann_ 19 күн бұрын

@@ACSReactions Judging by the fact that you're a banana expert, I choose trust.

@themoleznezz 8 күн бұрын

@@SilvaDreams Burning isn't reversible, and surface tension is not nearly so strong.

@FreeXenon 20 күн бұрын

I am not a chemistry person, but I greatly appreciate your explanations. Water is a glue?!?! Mind blown!

@jtjames79 13 күн бұрын

I can't believe I never thought of using ice to pull parts. The cold would reduce the diameter, and give you grip.

@taukid421 20 күн бұрын

10:28, that 'movie magic' transition to you finishing up a few dotted lines was comedy gold 😂

@cmaxxen 20 күн бұрын

And now I'm curious about all the different types of glue and how they work. Hide glue in luthiery, flour paste and paper, contact glue.. so many adhesives out there.

@Dumdumshum 19 күн бұрын

I feel like you're overthinking this. Surface imperfections filled with monomers or other small molecules (like in the case of water) that then polymerize (or freeze) create tiny mechanical locks against lateral movement of the adhesive in relation to the bonded surface. Perpendicular movements are then mitigated by vanderwaal forces as well as chemical bonding, with the significance of each varying depending on the adhesive and the bonded surface. In the case of electroadhesion, it seems to require a soft material or one that is partially liquid. I bet the electron migration at the interface is carrying other ions along for the ride via electrostatic effects in the same way that dendrite formation occurs across the electrolyte of batteries, again creating tiny mechanical locks at the interface.

@jezecrobertson4625 10 күн бұрын

Mechanical locks? I'm not a chemist but it sounds like you're oversimplifying and dismissing the actual science as "overthinking"

@Dumdumshum 10 күн бұрын

@@TheGlizzardOfKov Oh no, a single paragraph compared to an entire video. How excruciatingly complicated. I bet each word takes you a full ten seconds to comprehend, doesn't it?

@Loderyod 8 күн бұрын

Yeah, isn't that's exactly how nano tape works? And it's a REALLY strong adhesive

@Dumdumshum 8 күн бұрын

@@Loderyod I believe that what I've described is partially the cause for almost all surface adhesives.

@unvergebeneid 20 күн бұрын

Now I want electroadhesive hairspray.

@carpemkarzi 20 күн бұрын

Gotta love the new science being discovered and explored. This could dead end to a ‘neat’ thing or open up whole new technologies. Damn fine work from the team and as always damn fine work from George.

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

Thank you!

@DH-bf9xb 20 күн бұрын

You say COVID, but one notices the espresso martini look'n drink on the table.

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

To generalize, removing electrons from a material, i.e. ionizing it, makes it more chemically active, so chemical bonds will be part of the adhesive effect. It is useful to know the specifics of those bonds, but not essential to a general understanding of the phenomenon. Some glues work almost exclusively by mechanical bonding, others mostly chemical, but most have some combination of the two, with Van Der Waals forces contributing negligibly. However deliberately weak adhesives with reversible bonds may rely primarily on Van Der Waals forces.

@thekaxmax 20 күн бұрын

That last line: gecko tape

@bengraham3707 19 күн бұрын

These videos are much more fun than they have any right to be.

@kuronosan 20 күн бұрын

Does it only work with extremely flat surfaces for both material? If it can stand a little roughness I can see an application where a gel or mat of gel hairs is continuously extruded onto a surface and the charge keeps it in place as the gel wears away and is replaced with new gel.

@SianaGearz 20 күн бұрын

By all reason, the gel can simply conform to the unevenness of the surface. Because those copper plates he used are guaranteed very unflat at the microscopic scale. Even if they used to be at some point (they didn't), they guaranteed no longer were as soon as he cleaned them with a paper towel.

@1.4142 20 күн бұрын

Applications... prank your siblings by sticking their jello to their spoon?

@danielculver2209 19 күн бұрын

Heck yeah

@ChromicQuanta 20 күн бұрын

Water is hot glue for penguins!

@danielculver2209 19 күн бұрын

aw :)

@whatitmeans 19 күн бұрын

for now on I will ask for a glass of "penguins' super glue"!!!

@belg4mit 20 күн бұрын

I wonder if the blue gel is from free electrons, a la lithium in ammonia.

@zinckensteel 20 күн бұрын

That was my first thought as well, but after more consideration it is far more likely to be copper ions driven into the gel via iontophoresis

@user-xj8wy4uu1q 18 күн бұрын

Free electrons would probably reduce the carboxylate ions in gelatin, it’s probably a copper hydroxide colloid

@ogedeh 13 күн бұрын

Words words words uhh words 🧪🔬🥼

@lajoswinkler 13 күн бұрын

No. There can be no free electrons in aqueous solutions. This is hydratized Cu2+. And this is not electroadhesion at all.

@jasonneugebauer5310 20 күн бұрын

Hair spray was originally made from boiled flax seeds and water(probably also some alcohol or something to make it dry fast)... NOT Elmer's Glue. You can try the flax seeds recipe it works. My wife's sister in Honduras uses it all the time.

@willemvandebeek 20 күн бұрын

huh, water is glue, that is an epiphany...

@filonin2 20 күн бұрын

Any liquid is when cooled below it's freezing point. Steel is a glue if you spread it as a liquid over rocks and let it cool.

@willemvandebeek 20 күн бұрын

@@filonin2 not sure about the 'any liquid'-part, for example I can see liquid butter solidified being less sticky than water-ice...

@apppples 19 күн бұрын

@@filonin2 i think any liquid that has a wetting property, but not any liquid?

@ChristopherCurtis 20 күн бұрын

Not on headphones today but the audio levels across jump cuts seems much more consistent. Good job and thanks if that was intentional. Interesting content as always. I will be sure to tell everyone I know that water is a glue.

@maxmusterman3371 19 күн бұрын

Its so cool that you spoke with the researchers

@ThePrimaFacie 10 күн бұрын

This is great, so is the presentation. Looking forward to learning more about this when it solidifies. Thanks for the vid

@blindbutnotbroken1755 18 күн бұрын

I’m picturing practical applications for this technology and I am envisioning airlock seals on spacecraft that rely on electro adhesion with a gel interface layer creating a perfect seal reversible at a moments notice. This is a truly remarkable discovery. It has so many practical applications. It’s unbelievable. wow I love these videos. Always something new to learn, thank you for sharing this

@Nuovoswiss 3 күн бұрын

The mechanism seems simple. It's long been known that organic molecules (such as the proteins in gelatin or the saccharides in a banana) undergo electrochemical reactions. Since this adhesion only occurs at the anode, we can infer some of the metal is being oxidized, as well as some of the nearby organic molecules. The oxidation of metal, along with the aqueous environment of both can lead to a nano-porous interface, which would adhere via capillary action. Additionally, it's possible that some component of the protein or saccharide would oxidize to form an organo-copper compound creating molecular bonds.

@CCSMrChen 19 күн бұрын

This video is cutting edge science. I felt my brain growing over 14 minutes. Thank you!

@FreeXenon 20 күн бұрын

LOL ! Love the distractions. "Worst chemist everrrr!!!!"

@justicesportsman6020 10 күн бұрын

Wild! I never read superglue packaging before, but as a chemist I know that LDPE doesn’t adhere to superglue. Been using the fact for a while while building figurines. A ziplock bag saves your models from sticking to your work surface

@AsmodeusMictian 19 күн бұрын

Bro. Ya got a new subscriber. Not only is the video really entertaining, but you filmed part of it having/recovering from COVID.

@nyuh 19 күн бұрын

aw yeah i love videos like this !!! because i often forget that science is happening all the time and there are SO MANY things we dont know yet. and its so exciting to glimpse into the unknown like this. ESPECIALLY hearing directly from the researchers themselves. i extremely appreciate the research put into this vid despite the notational errors XD

@alexixeno4223 20 күн бұрын

This video speaks to my soul. Thank you.

@ChaosAura452 9 күн бұрын

the first few seconds of this video made me think this was BS but then I kept watching and I was like... no way... NO WAY!!!

@noone-ez6on 19 күн бұрын

I remember wondering about adhesion mechanisms some years ago and spending a while on the net trying to get to the bottom of it. I think the explanation that worked most for me, atleast partially, was a simple physical anchor being created as the fluid filled out porous materials and hardened. Which i always though explained it pretty well, if not fully. Thanks for those two papers, i think it's about time to update my knowledge on this topic!

@removechan10298 17 күн бұрын

it's oxygen bonding. the electrical charge allows oxygen to bond into the surface in some crystalline way, that is on a see-saw of energy, so it can tip back over.

@coorbin 19 күн бұрын

Cool, we're both really close to UMD. Interesting that you were able to drive over and get in touch with the scientists. This is awesome work and I hope we will learn the mechanisms behind this interesting phenomenon.

@rileyhtn6774 7 күн бұрын

Daaaaaanng I'm so glad KZfaq provides me with my interest

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

"The why is really less important than . . . what can we do with it" is the perspective of an engineer, not a scientist. The value of knowing the "why" is that it leads scientists to a broadened understanding of what we can do with it, to pass along to the engineers. Of course, those who are both scientists _and_ engineers are the most valuable in this regard.

@ExylonBotOfficial 20 күн бұрын

As an engineer, I think all good engineers should also be concerned with the why.

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

@@ExylonBotOfficial Absolutely, the best engineers are also scientists, and vice-versa. Would that all of each were both.

@yakut9876 20 күн бұрын

What are the differences between an engineer and a scientist ( engineering and science )?

@crawkn 20 күн бұрын

@@yakut9876 generally engineering is science applied to real needs, and science is discovery of new principles which can be applied by engineers. But in practice, most engineers are also scientists, and vice-versa, in varying degrees.

@Providence83 19 күн бұрын

@@yakut9876 I'm going to jump in here to caveat that engineering doesn't actually *need* science at all. Simply, the engineering method is solving problems using heuristics that cause the "best" change according to the application's circumstances, in a poorly understood situation, using available resources. Science merely _assists_ engineering by making "the heuristics" more consistent, "the situation" better understood, and the "available resources" more broad. They're such buddies with each other because... it's just that anything becomes easy if you know _everything._

@jblack7054 10 күн бұрын

So greatful for this video, my banana welds are looking so much better now

@ediseverywhere 20 күн бұрын

Yes. This is a video about electroadhesion. Definitely. 😁 (Excellent video, btw.)

@cavemann_ 19 күн бұрын

Okay, this is so freaking cool!

@RussellBeattie 20 күн бұрын

I always thought glues work at a level far above the atomic scale. Most surfaces have nooks and crannies, liquids flow into those crannies and then harden (sticking to themselves as explained in the video), creating a bunch of micro hooks and jams (like a rock climber cams) that keep the two surfaces connected. How smooth is a copper or graphite plate? Could the electrodes simply be heating the gels sufficiently to cause it to go from semi-solid slightly liquid and then stick through a similar process? Can you do the electroadhesion in a freezer?

@tenJajcus 19 күн бұрын

Heating would work the same on both electrodes and would not depend on current flow direction. As it works on single side and is reversible with changed polarity, it cannot be heat alone.

@rambysophistry1220 20 күн бұрын

I would like to point out, being new here, that I am utterly not surprised that the question of how glue makes things stick together isn't scientifically detailed. We have known about protein glues stickiness since essentially time immemorial, and the first order understanding of protein glue, "It sticks because it is sticky", seems plain enough and reasonable enough that I am sure nobody actually went into an in-depth examination of exactly "how" that is the case. Because we have a first hand understanding of protein glues. Eggs stick to pans, bread sticks to stone, bonegoo and sap stick to wood. Why wouldn't protein goops be sticky? They are always sticky. Notice, your question involves an entirely different kind of glue,

@jikbrosentertainment 5 күн бұрын

This means spider-man has actual science to how his wall-crawling works now.

@TheTomCruiseLover 12 күн бұрын

Oh my gosh this is the same guy as the Ted Ed animated videos !! I'm glad to finally see in person one of my heroes !!

@dalitas 20 күн бұрын

Just to add friendly salt to your wounds, Me is generally reserved for methyl, id use M for an unspecified metal instead.

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

Sigh. I think you're right. Though in my defense I did copy "Me" straight from the paper. So nobody caught it in peer review either

@yesthatsam 20 күн бұрын

Amazing and so entertaining science ! You guys rock once again. Thanks so much ❤

@peterhutchinson2836 8 күн бұрын

Good job on the vid very well produced and engaging.

@filipegaspar3572 20 күн бұрын

Loved this video. I'm a chemist and always found glues to be a misterious material ahah. But the big question for me is ...if it is a so simple setting and it works on a variety of mecanisms so why electroadhesion was only discovered now? It wasn't right?!

@ANToxic777 17 күн бұрын

Can this be used to increased adhesion of steam or water to metal plates?

@TiagoTiagoT 19 күн бұрын

Can you deglue super-glue using a similar electrical setup?

@flyaz16 19 күн бұрын

I wonder if this can be used to seal wounds, like in surgery or sunthin

@relientker 19 күн бұрын

i need a full video on how different glues and adhesives stick to OTHER things, thats always been such a fascinating concept to me. and how different types have different long term stickability or restickability. so fascinating lol.

@CharlieSolis 10 күн бұрын

Very very cool!

@SmirkInvestigator 7 күн бұрын

Water is sticky. Just doesn’t have group help from polymerization. But you said basically that with the ice explanation

@ronstiles2681 12 күн бұрын

Thanks for the video, random information I never knew, or would have spent a minute to find out, but now I feel more informed, I'm better for watching your video, it was not a waste of my time

@christywear5272 14 күн бұрын

how does electroadhesion differ from eletromagnitism ?and.. silly question, .. would .. the banana or jell act like a magnet to something iron, .. or .. anything else? is there any static build up? is it acting like a solid state capacitor or .. resistor of sorts?

@DeRien8 20 күн бұрын

I'm still "stuck" on the clear gel turning blue and not adhering.... What was the solid matrix in it, was it not water-based either? Did you somehow stabilize solvated electrons to give it that blue color? Is it just a copper compound? So many questions about nonadherent blue gel

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

Right? If only I had a bunch of spectrometers sitting around...

@Quadr44t 19 күн бұрын

This is great! I love material science/supramolecular chemistry. Back in the day I did major in organic/physical chemistry, with a touch of bionanotechnology. All up that alley.

@whatitmeans 19 күн бұрын

what if..... when glue got hard by making polymers, since get dry you get long chains of molecules, but less molecules so more empty space among them.... so... could it be suction what kept things attached??? like if were pockets of emptyness among polymer strands getting attacked by atmospheric pressure?? (you need to see if things attached due superglue get suddenly loose under a vacuum... or a space travel)

@TiagoTiagoT 19 күн бұрын

Does it provide any hints if I tell you that I discovered super-glue will melt little craters in styrofoam? Is that something obvious? Completely unrelated?

@BRUXXUS 20 күн бұрын

Fascinating! You started to allude to it, but this new form of bonding definitely seems to rely on water. I wonder if a conductive gel that doesn't contain water would work. 🤔

@SianaGearz 20 күн бұрын

Hello.

@chounoki 18 күн бұрын

It is easy, since there is current flowing through the material, it means electrons flow through the material, which means some electrons are knocked out of the material, otherwise the material should have been completely insulator. With some molecules losing electrons it creates partial ionic bonds. This also explains why only one end of the material close to the anode sticks, because that end loses electrons most. On the other end of the material close to cathode, it is free electrons that rushing into the material instead of the material losing electrons.

@gamereditor59ner22 12 күн бұрын

Cool!!

@joehopfield 20 күн бұрын

Do mussel byssal thread adhesion next! (Their adhesive works underwater and can stick to glass)

@tomholroyd7519 20 күн бұрын

Reversing the polarity is always the right thing to do

@supermaster2012 17 күн бұрын

This is just the electric current melting the dielectric and causing it to fill the microscopic voids in the anode, it won't work with dielectrics that have a high melting point.

@Infinity-fz3sn 11 күн бұрын

This technique will be a game changer Every entity will be influenced by this superb BRAVO

@PixelatedPuzzlements 20 күн бұрын

also mainly electrolysis at play, right?

@pon1 18 күн бұрын

Interesting! And so simple too, just DC and banana between two copper plates, everyone could do this experiment and test with different substances, could open up a lot of applications, usually when we want to stick and release things with electricity we use electromagnetism, but now we can use this property instead to stick and unstick things :)

@ten-hx2xi 11 күн бұрын

so, is it like how batterys get gunked up on their electrodes? and then by reversing the polarity it ungunks them and thus, unbinds them?

@daniellapain1576 10 күн бұрын

This looks incredibly similar to how acid batteries work over a long period but in this case it’s the buildup of material that causes a bond instead of destroying a battery. The reactive material in the solid electrolyte gets pushed to the other surface filling up the tiny gaps and creates a bond. Pole reversal shoves that material to the other side and releases to one side and fills the other. So any battery material should be able to do this in theory. This might be a good way to test for new materials in the future for batteries.

@user-by2io7zv2t 10 күн бұрын

Can we use this to make some sort of battery?

@autarchex 10 күн бұрын

Years ago I worked at a tech company that made a product built from glass and silicon wafers bonded together. I was curious and asked about the adhesive used and the reply was "electric charge." "Huh?" You lay a Si wafer down flat on a hotplate/electrode, then cover it with a glass wafer, then lay the other electrode on top and heat up the whole sandwich. Glass becomes more conductive as it heats up. Run a current through the stack and the large, flat faces of the wafers stick together. Maintain the current after turning off the heat source; as it cools down the glass resumes being an insulator and the current drops to practically zero. Your two wafers are now permanently bonded together - as long as they are not exposed to very high temperatures - by separated electric charges frozen in place on either side of the interface. A better bond than any glue or adhesive and no gaps. I was told this was "electroadhesion" and was well known in certain technical niche contexts but little known otherwise. Might as well be witchcraft the first time you see it.

@mickeyberg1387 19 күн бұрын

It seems that freezing water is a pretty good glue, but it’s brittle.do you think it could be made more ductile with gums or thickeners?

@1337w0n 19 күн бұрын

5:00 me, a mathematician, who sucks at chem: I see nothing wrong with this. 😊

@weylinstoeppelmann9858 19 күн бұрын

I wonder if that reversal effect can be used to make superglue unstick from a surface?

@vinniepeterss 12 күн бұрын

superb!

@aerbon 13 күн бұрын

maybe something to do with electrolysis and some oxidation. and then maybe when the current is reversed, since the gasses are released at the opposite sides, they recombine into water and undo the process?

@suwedo8677 19 күн бұрын

Have they explored the possibility of electrolysis being involved in this process?

@jmi967 19 күн бұрын

If cyanoacrylate is an ionic bond, why is it not affected by water? Or am I mistaken in thinking that water splits all ionic bonds?

@cmawhz 19 күн бұрын

does it work if you tried to glue 2 pieces of jello or whatever together? curious if this could be used in the medical field to electro glue an incision for example. maybe something like a "spot weld" where you use probes on either side of an incision. i'm probably misunderstanding how this works but still pretty cool concept.

@ACSReactions 19 күн бұрын

Yes! The same researchers also published a paper about gel-gel electroadhesion

@davidg3944 20 күн бұрын

First time viewing a video from you, and I have to say I'm impressed and intrigued. I am not adhered, however, despite my surplus of hydrogen bonding sites. I'll see if I can fix that using my own stock of copper sheets and a wall outlet...

@David-sp7gc 20 күн бұрын

You may get a Darwin Award if your very successful

@davidg3944 20 күн бұрын

@@David-sp7gc At worst, I'll never go hungry again...

@SodiumInteresting 18 күн бұрын

Does the gel contain amine functional groups 🤔 😅 Maybe the blue is solvated electrons and not copper ions. Did it lose colour over time?

@kanayamaryam5088 12 күн бұрын

I thought at first it was just burning the banana or jello to the metal, but reversing the polarity to undo it is amazing. I wonder what other things could stick, and how important conductivity is to the plate material. Could there be a threshold where you use a very resistive material at a high enough voltage to make it electroadhesive? I kinda want to try these things out. Imagine how super conductors with eletroadhesion might impact quantum computing.

@puffinjuice 20 күн бұрын

Im pretty sure electro-adhesion is the adhesion when an electric field is used to adhere two surfaces together. Usually very high voltages (kV) are used for electro-adhesion. When the field is removed the electro-adhesion ends. Its is not about permanently gluing surfaces together. Search electro-adhesion and gripper. Youll see lots of grippers which temporarily hold objects.

@Volvie 12 күн бұрын

The cool thing about this is that after the electro adhesion has taken place, you don’t need continuous power to hold it so would be interesting to see what kind of applications this could have.

@pauljs75 11 күн бұрын

Another thing is a lot of adhesives also use or are their own solvents until whatever reaction occurs that causes them to set or cure. So there might be some aspect of that property at work as well. But I'm not sure what the explanation with that may be.

@herzogsbuick 20 күн бұрын

This comment is about appreciation. I love your videos heh, this one was really fun, what with your failures making my own failures easier to deal with :-P and really neat insights!

@AidanRatnage 20 күн бұрын

When you run the current the other direction does the other electrode stick or do both unstick?

@ACSReactions 20 күн бұрын

Hmm good question, if I remember correctly, both unstick with the copper electrodes I tried. I don't think I tried switching with graphite

@RepChris 20 күн бұрын

@@ACSReactions I think it should probably get stuck to the bottom, if its stuck to just one, from the symmetry, unless its the electro adhesion is a one time thing only. After a quick look at the paper(first one in the sources list), the text on figure 1 says (on reversing the current with graphite) "[...] Upon applying 5 V DC for 3 min, the adhered slab is detached, while the bottom one (new anode) is now adhered to the gel" on what happens with the reversal of current so my assumption was right. They do explicitly state that this is only the case for one sided stick, but the only reference I could find after a quick search to something sticking to both sides was gelatin with a graphite electrode. Since copper is shown (and said) to only adhere to one side in figure 3 I suspect that you might have either missed that the gel stuck to the other electrode, that the current you applies fried the gel in some capacity and thus stopped it from adhering again, or that you discovered something new which would warrant you checking your old footage to make sure. I could of course also have missed something vital, as i havent slept more than 3 hours the past 48 hours @AidanRatnage

@RepChris 20 күн бұрын

Not sure if you get a notification for my reply to @ACSReactions so ill repeat the gist, the paper says that for one sided adhesion, reversing the current makes it stick to the other side. This is mentioned in the description of figure 1. Gelatin is the only gel they found to adhere to both the anode and cathode (+/-), the other stick to only one of them, and it is the only gel that doesnt unstick when you reverse the current. I guess this might be due to either some sort of permanent ish reaction, or that it just gets stuck to both sides again from the current.

@micheleagnello7058 7 күн бұрын

You cooked one side or the other based on electrons migration producing syrup to glue One side or other... Right?

@musikSkool 5 күн бұрын

What is the name of the bonds in a molecule, like Cotton, Polyester or Carbon fibers? When you weld metal together what is the name of the bond that is forming?

@skysea7785 9 күн бұрын

Adhesion is caused when adhesive hardens then sticks 2 or more surfaces together. Surfaces are not always smooth, at the microscopic level a paper or other surface of a material is not actually smooth and have rough topography. The adhesive will enter the crevices and pores in the surface, and then it becomes hard, thus sticking them. In the video, it looks like the current applied literally "cooks" or burn the surface of the items forming crystals, and thus sticking them. The only molecule bonding with significant strength for glue is covalent bond. So it isn't just chemistry that plays it's part here but also physical too.