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Many different types of media are used in the microbiology laboratory. In general, these media can be divided into several categories, including nutritive, differential, and selective.
Selective media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit the growth of other organisms. selective inhibition of some types of microorganisms can be achieved by adding dyes, antibiotics, salts or specific inhibitors which affect the metabolism or enzyme systems of the organisms. Examples are Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol salt agar, Hektoen enteric agar (HE), Phenylethyl alcohol agar. Differential media are used to differentiate closely related organisms or groups of organismsEg; MacConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar .