Almost 400k subscribers Sandy! Remember when Munro (Cory) started this channel and you didn't think you could change anything? Look at you now! All your work paid off! Respectfully, Mathew

I’m most excited for the industry to follow 48v.

I remember machining a variety of stainless from a Stainless steel manufacturer. The variety and machinability differences was news to me. From soft like cold rolled steel to stuff that would wear down carbide tooling in a few small passes. What a difference between grades. You better know the difference before quoting a job ...lol.

All that weight saving in the wiring really helped it getting up a dusty hill when it weighs nearly 4 tonnes lol

Thank you sandy and your editing staff for all of the Cybertruck videos! Also please interview Jason from Hagerty who was extremely impressed with the Cybertruck engineering.

Another exciting thing about steer-by-wire that I haven't really heard anyone talk about yet is the possible befits it could have with handicapped and limited mobility drivers/customers. You could change the sensitivity so the user doesn't have to move their arm/limb as much to maneuver the vehicle. You could also theoretically tap into the electronics with an aftermarket steering device that could enable steering from a different source other than the steering wheel. This would be particularly beneficial for armless individuals.

Another great piece of your knowledge spreading. Because teachers like you, I am where I am now in my life. Thank you for your passion and knowledge Sandy. Greetings from Poland.

My 2009 Renault Laguna GT 205 has steer by wire on the rear axle. Sensational to drive. The rear wheels steer opposite to the fronts up to 60kph and the same as the front over 60kph. The latter makes emergency lane changes at high spped safer as it reduces the rotational forces of sudden steering that occurs in 2 wheel steer cars, so the car is less likely to spin. And the former is super in roundabouts and multistorey car parks. Interesting the abs & stability control computer communicates with the rear wheel steer ECU. One time i hit ice on one side of the car going down a hill, so the car started to rotate into a slide. As a confident driver my brain said no problem lets steer into the skid, but before my grey matter sent the signal to my arms, the rear wheel steering was sent a signal by the stability control system (ESC) system to counter steer and the car straightened up by itself, and i could feel that the correction happened at the rear. It was very impressive. Well done Teslas on the 48v, 4 WS & Martensitic stainless steel.

Going from 12v to 48v and from CAN-Bus to ethernet probably explains why the car is so light and inexpensive. I should also say; knowing my martinsitic stainless steel clad car will stop the majority of bullets that are fired at me on my weekday commute will give me much overdue respite. I greatly look forward to saving the planet with this absolute marvel of technology. It's amazing.... you just get in and drive from where you are to somewhere else e.g. home to work and of course visa versa.... what an age of wonder we live in. Wow.... no really WWwwoooowww. I didn't think it was possible for life to get any better but here we are.

This was a really good video. Before watching this video I had no clue what austenitic vs. martensitic steel was. Now I understand that a bit more. Thank you for your analysis!

Best Sandy Munroe video EVER! Sandy is an excellant teacher - I hope there are more videos like this that go a step beyond, addressing science/technology rarely discussed in EV and Cybertruck discussions and forums. Watched it twice, off to the Munroe Live Store...

Thank you! I learn something every time.

Thank you Sandy! I live in BC , Canada. You give great analysis of the EV Revolution. It’s an exciting time.

304 stainless is an austenitic steel 18.5% chromium, 8.2% nickel with excellent ductility and suitable for deep draw. Think of the steel used to make a kitchen sink. 304DDQ ups the nickel to 9% and has improved formability at a slight decrease in tensile strength from 650 to 630 MPa. Galling needs to be mitigated when drawing stainless and is accomplished with a high viscosity oil lube or applying PVC film during pressing. The nickel is what is responsible for making the stainless weakly magnetic. Sandy hinted at something interesting, suggesting that the stainless is being work hardened by drawing. It would be interesting to know more about what is going on, but that is probably the secret sauce which gives the material the desired hardness but retains sufficient ductility to be formed as required.

Glad to hear Sandy not coughing and all that from the start of all these videos. Not that I would stop watching but I'm sure it wasn't fun for him to deal with. As always, your videos and comments are priceless. Nice job Sandy and Munro team!

Thank You Mr. Munro. I hope I will have one of those in the future.

Sandy Munro has such a vast knowledge base and understanding of systems and structures, which leads to the information he presents being in-depth and well beyond the understanding of most people - those who do not have the knowledge-base to understand this information are left wondering what Sandy's excitement (well disguised by his matter-of-fact style of presentation) is all about, and therefore such information goes right over their heads (like a joke the audience doesn't get) - to those fortunate enough to understand what Sandy is talking about, his presentations are a sea of knowledge that is a pleasure to swim in...

Never thought I’d see the return of ring networks - but here we are 😂

Love how an extremely knowledgeable person can share his expertise on his own platform, so to speak.

Thanks for all your hard work

Love the way you are putting things in perspective. Thank you for sharing the latest engineering EV wonders. The Cybertruck is making the difference. Greetings from Europe BE Sandy!

I love this technical analysis!

As always awesome job, Sandy! So informative. I watched you walk through and interview

THANKS TO THE MUNRO TEAM,🤗 ABSOLUTELY 💯 WORTH WAITING FOR…AND SANDY’s CLEAR EXPLANATION IS 👍 TOP NOTCH 🤗💚💚💚

Excellent job, Sandy. No throat clearing once if I'm not mistaken. Exciting tech, thanks for highlighting 🎉

You have to say it, Sandy! "Holy Mackerel!". 🤣🤣 Great meeting you in Austin.

Excellent video, Sandy at his best!

sandy is a legend, I'm just a few hundred subscribers back than I feel glad to know this channel. thanks

Looks like they may be using generative design in their castings now, mimicking nature. Next level!

Thank you for the videos and your insight.

Superbly informative Video Sandy. I know I am far from alone in appreciating your observations, analysis and insights. All I can say is, Thank You

Sandy you rock, thanks for the knowledge you share, love from the UK

Wow awesome video and feels like you just scratched the surface of the bottomless pit of advanced engineering going on with this company. The bullet proof for me is a great gimic and awesome for famous people or security companies, but stainless steel where I live in northern Canada with endless amount of salty roads eating cars like candy sounds pretty darn good. Also the powering of home is why i watched your compatriots do strip down reviews of ford lightning so having another option for when ice tears down power lines sounds good also. Now I hear Elon has shared 48 volt architecture with Ford. 👍

Important to highlight: using a network ring topology you also get redundancy in each individual node and therefore in all functions. In the old star configuration, the fail of virtually any cable creates an issue on that function

*DEcoiler & The flowy structure of the castings is referred to in 3D modeling as "Generative Design". The forces acting on the part are defined & the structure is then "generated" to optimize material usage or manufacturing processes.

I love seeing Sandy when he's excited!!

Another great job. Thanks.

The 48V has been used a couple of years now, mostly for hybrid systems and other high power users. It is new to convert everything to 48V, but something like 30 DC-DC converters are needed for things like cameras, dashboard, lighting, sensors and computers, those DC-DC converters are going to eat up some of the 48V benefit. Talking about weight benefits of 48V sounds weird when the panels of the truck is made from very inefficient thick and heavy steel, compared to any other car or truck. Just 0.5mm extra thickness of the body panels adds up to something like 70kg / 150 pounds, for countries where "bullet proofing" is not needed, that is a lot of dead weight to carry around.

Have learned a ton on the channel. Great information overall

Thanks so much for invaluable video about 48V architecture.

70% weight reduction of wire harnesses, not 70% weight reduction overall, I think the statement should be more precise.

Fascinating presentation 😮 Keep up the amazing analysis.

Super interesting! Thanks Sandy and team.

Thanks as usual, always appreciated

Interested to know more about the new wiring harness. I’m skeptical about the “weight savings” not actually just being “manufacturing cost savings”. Especially seeing as how weight is clearly not very important with those thick steel panels glued on to the body

It amazes me every time how much room for improvements and innovation there still ahead - as these seem to be the most obvious things.

Thanks Sandy and the crew.

Loved this breakdown. Thank you.

why the hell wasn't this type of discussion done during the Elon meet part deux? this would have been right up his alley and a more enjoyable discussion.

I would think another benefit to steer by wire is that the vehicle is easier to produce for different countries like England and the US. Makes it easier to reconfigure the vehicle for right or left hand drive as it’s just a wire that has to move to one side or other of the dash.

Great insights, thank you very much

BMW i3 cameo☺️👍 That's your teardown that first got my attention (2015). Thanks for the teardown manual, BTW!

Sandy A typical 300 series austenitic stainless steel is typically 18% Cr & 8% Ni with some slight chemistry changes for different properties. I’ve never heard of a martensitic austenitic stainless?

Sandy, these videos you are doing about the Cybertruck are really good, mate!

great video! thanku Sandy!

I love these videos. Keep them coming Sir

I exceptionally give you a like because I like the two wires comparison.

If people were confused by 48v vs 12v then seeing those 2 pieces of wire for 3 seconds definitely cleared everything up 😂😂😂

Excellent - a couple of mysteries for me. How does the 48V architecture help with the bidirectional charging and also the high speed 800V charging - aren't those things completely separate electrical systems? Also it's fair to mention that 48V means you need an aftermarket of accessories and add-ons (including jump starters) all designed for that. I'm sure it's the future - but just saying...it's currently a tiny field of parts suppliers designed for that isn't it?

Fascinating report. Please continue.

Can't wait to see my first one up close and personal...We love Tesla, just purchased our second one recently!

Rear motors are claimed to be induction. Might explain the lower power peak vs Plaid. Indusction motors are supposed to freewheel more efficiently, so you get more range with the front PM motor on low power demand.

Great video, thanks! I’ve learned something new 😮

This should be tagged as a commercial for Tesla.

Thanks Sandy - The Cybertruck has impressive innovation and quality that's gone into it. Looks like this is going to be a winner for Tesla. Good job.

Thank you, Sandy. You're not the best interviewer yet, but are a great speaker and engineer.

Thank you for teaching 🙏🏽

Excellent content, thank you.

Thanks Sandy for schooling us on Stainless Steel. The stainless Steel Tesla uses for the CYBERTRK is a product from the same program that is SpaceXs StarShip.

Tesla's pace of innovation continues and Sandy shows us where. The CT is almost all giga castings and structural battery pack it shows with it's rigidity and quiet cabin. Amazing tech.

Stainless - used to make turned parts from a sililar material. The swarf was so tough it tore the expensive multi-tool CNC to shreds! Had to make the exit out of the same stuff we were machining to have a reasonable life on the exit. Replaced it every 3 hundred hours or so....not to mention tooling! It was cool!

Thank you Sir for the wisdom

Another great benefit of steer-by-wire is that its very minimal deaign difference betwee LHD and RHD markets. You could even have a driver's ed car with both retrogitted easily. Or just no steering wheel at all

Fantastic video as usual. Cybertruck is sporting some jaw-dropping innovations! I'm particularly amazed at CFD for the casting (reminds me of when Autodesk AI designed a chair and it ended up looking like a bone!) and the SS shell, no door dings, no paint or scrapes or wax.. wow! I want mine anodized teal please !

So great getting your professional opinion on Tesla and the Cyber Truck.

More good stuff Sandy, thanks for sharing!!

I noted that too these curved ridges on the castings, I first thought it were wire looms for the camera's or whatever.. Tesla must have done thousands of computer simulations to get that just right! Its another jump ahead of everybody else! Structural efficiency is also a thing legacy Auto does not pay much attention to. You lost me about the material properties like austenitic and martensitic, I have really no idea what this all means... I must have learned about it when I was a bachelor student in aeronautics, but that is 40 years ago LOL! But I think I understand it right Tesla takes a standard stainless steel that is easy formable, and by deforming it it becomes hard and rigid. I think the wire demonstration was not that clear, but I think you have a better opportunity to show the difference during the teardown (set the F150 lightning wires beside the Cybertruck wires.. That would be fun tyo see!) I Can't wait for the tear down! This all is so fascinating! thanks for sharing!

It's funny this is cutting edge for the auto industry. They were dinosaurs I guess. These concepts of ethernet rings, getting rid of buttons and knobs for touch screens, higher voltages, etc. We've been doing at industrial manufacturing plants for the last 20 years. The only thing that's really cutting edge is the battery tech and taking these things mobile.

Great. Thanks for sharing this

Been with Munro since the beginning- such a great channel

I've heard a lot of talk on various channels praising the 48v architecture, but no one mentioned anything about the secondary 48v battery. My question is whether Tesla has done away with the secondary battery by running an inverter off of the primary battery? Or did they actually make a 48v secondary battery?

I'd be very interested to see how the unibody has changed as a result of the exoskeleton taking up more structural load. Both in terms of how much weight the unibody sheds, and also how the way that it bears load has changed relative to a normal chassi.

Thank you Sandy.

Enjoyed watching this video, want more of these.

Thank you very much for all the detailed information. Especially on the Austenite structure (which is when I remember correct a 3D structure compared to a 2D structure in normal steel). Even seeing how difficult it still is for Tesla I come to the conclusion without a 48V system and other improvements the features of the vehicle would be very limited. Only with all the improvements it became such a good car and will improve over the coming years much more.

I love the info about the computational flow system Tesla has and what it enables them to do. Another way they're so far ahead of everyone. Of course it goes along with them having the top materials people on the planet, as you say. Why? Because Tesla and *SpaceX* share their metallurgy teams, along with some engineers in other areas.

Very informative video as usual. Thank you very much.

Thank you for the talk!

48v is a very good idea. However, short term its a disadvantage because of the increased cost in the supply chain. All the systems need to be 48v and there is no scale yet. Tesla is paying for that. Which I salute ofcourse.

According to a German TUV safety certification expert, the Cybertruck will require “strong modifications to the basic structure” before it can be sold in the EU!

The castings info was particularly informative. You guys rock!

Very interesting video Sandy. Thanks

Great video Sandy! I will be mind-blowing to see Tesla AI optimized designs one day (if they haven't started this already). I wonder if the cars will look almost natural at perfect optimization.

People are missing the real revolution in how the Cybertruck is wired. 48 volts reduces the size of the wire, but multiplexing reduces the number of wires by a huge amount. However more importantly it changes the wiring architecture radically and makes it easy to change the behavior of the car through software and therefore over the air updates. Instead of switches and sensors (inputs) that are wired directly to a light or motor (outputs), the inputs and outputs are now completely separated and don't even have to know about each other. This means that you can turn on a headlight or turn signal or control a seat through the computer, not through switches and relays. It is the computer program that associates a switch with the correct light or motor. This is how Tesla cars can put on a light show with the headlights, turn signals, interior lights, etc all synchronized to music. This is also why you can easily turn on a light or the heater with your phone. Everything is done with software. Imagine you want to add a light bar to your Cybertruck - you don't have to mount a new switch on the dash and run a wire up to the light bar. Instead you mount the light bar and simply connect it to the nearby bus. The light bar has an address similar to an IP address on your computer. To turn the light bar on or off the computer sends a signal out on the bus with the IP address of the light bar. It's easy to add new devices (inputs and outputs) anywhere on the bus. This is a huge change and it eliminates the need for different wiring harnesses for each model or variation of a car. The model 2 can use the same wiring components as a Cybertruck. The old way of wiring would be like running a wire from your computer to every other computer in the world that you want to communicate with. Now that would be a mess! The new way of wiring is similar to ethernet where you have one connection to the world and all communications are done with packets that have a destination address embedded in them. The bus in a Cybertruck can transmit 1Gbit of information per second. This is similar to the WiFi in your house. Wifi has the bandwidth for you to stream a movie, while your kids play internet games, and your spouse listens to music, and your security cameras transmit pictures. This is all done with one signal. Therefore all the cameras in the car, and the 12 speakers and everything else can get all their communications/information through one bus. (I'm guessing the cameras use the bus to transmit their signal, this may be a bit too much. However Tesla has stated the speakers do) The liftgate on my Toyota 4Runner has 15 wires going into it. After 23 years of opening and closing the liftgate the insulation on the wires wore off and I was getting shorts. Sitting at a stoplight one day smoke started coming out from under the dash. I downloaded the 35 page wiring diagram from the web. Most of the wires in my liftgate came from the environmental control unit under the dash and a relay in it had melted. This unit has 13 connectors with 5-12 wires in each connector. This unit has fuses, relays, and a little circuit board. I never did figure out the wiring diagram to much detail. All this is eliminated in a Tesla. Assuming the communications bus in a Tesla is 4 very small wires for communications plus power and ground, you can accomplish the same functionality my Toyota has with 6 wires. And if you want to add more devices to the liftgate you don't have to run more wires. Simply tap into the bus, assign the new device an address, and you can now control it through the computer. And if you need a switch to control the device you simply change the software to add a button to the display or to your phone app - or both.

1:47 guys, please start using common and understandable for everyone metric system!

Thank you thank you thank you Mr Munro❤ From italy 👋

Tesla simulation software seems light years ahead of commercial codes. They have an in house 50bn software company just for simulation.

you're the best Sandy, and the reason i own a Tesla - thank you!

Can't wait for tear down. Thanku

Sandy, excellent explanation, congratulations!