Ancient Origins of the Celts - Ancient Civilizations DOCUMENTARY

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Kings and Generals

Kings and Generals

Күн бұрын

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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the Celts, as we discuss their ancient origins, culture, religion, economic and political structures, with a focus on the Hallstatt and La Tene civilizations.
How Rome Conquered Greece: • How Rome Conquered Gre...
Did the Trojan War Really Happen: • Did the Trojan War Rea...
Demosthenes: • Demosthenes: Greatest ...
Ancient Greek Politics and Diplomacy: • Ancient Greek State Po...
Pyrrhic Wars: • Pyrrhus and Pyrrhic Wa...
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: • Ancient Macedonia befo...
Diplomatic Genius of Philip of Macedon: • Diplomatic Genius of P...
Etruscans: • Etruscans: Italian Civ...
Bosporan Kingdom: • Bosporan Kingdom - Lon...
Ancient Greek State in Bactria: • Ancient Greek State in...
The Greco-Chinese War Over the Heavenly Horses: • The Greco-Chinese War ...
Ancient Greek Kingdom in India: • Ancient Greek Kingdom ...
Ghaznavids: • Ghaznavids: From Slave...
Huns: • Huns: The Origin
White Huns: • White Huns: Rise and D...
Gokturks: • Gokturk Empire - Nomad...
Yuezhi: • Yuezhi Migration and K...
Seljuks: • Rise of the Seljuk Emp...
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The video was made by Arb Paninken bit.ly/2Ow3oC8, while the script was developed by Leo Stone. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Celts #AncientCivilizations

Пікірлер: 2 100
@KingsandGenerals
@KingsandGenerals 3 жыл бұрын
Did you know that we have a patreon? www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals We do, and it gives early access to the videos, access to the schedule, our discord server, and much more
@astrolinn
@astrolinn 3 жыл бұрын
no i didn't
@knowledgedesk1653
@knowledgedesk1653 3 жыл бұрын
Yes I knew
@Wartensteiin
@Wartensteiin 3 жыл бұрын
No sadly
@denniscleary7580
@denniscleary7580 3 жыл бұрын
I’ll ask the wife if it’s OK but I am seriously thinking about joining your Patreon Kings
@yuwanandrarisdyaksa6068
@yuwanandrarisdyaksa6068 3 жыл бұрын
thanks for taking my recommendation KG
@marcob1729
@marcob1729 3 жыл бұрын
The fact that the once geographically enormous culture of the Celts was basically pushed into the corners of two islands, that are themselves on the corner of a continent, really gives you an idea of how almost ubiquitous cultures and languages can just disappear
@alganhar1
@alganhar1 3 жыл бұрын
Well... two Islands and a bit of France. The Bretons originate from Cornish who emigrated to Britanny after the Romans left the British Isles. Their language is very similar to Welsh and Cornish.
@thewhovianhippo7103
@thewhovianhippo7103 3 жыл бұрын
There Languages has made a impact on Lombard apparently
@ClannCholmain
@ClannCholmain 3 жыл бұрын
@@alganhar1 British and Irish isles. I’m not British.
@mathewvanostin7118
@mathewvanostin7118 3 жыл бұрын
Apparently celts might have been germanics who either assimilated to a unknown culture along the road.. or that their language evolved enough to look different to germanic Cause celt and germanic were very similar in looks and customs
@bigboy-gb6xs
@bigboy-gb6xs 3 жыл бұрын
"really gives you an idea of how almost ubiquitous cultures and languages can just disappear" why look at the past? we're living it.
@HistoryOfRevolutions
@HistoryOfRevolutions 3 жыл бұрын
"Those in power write the history, while those who suffer write the songs" - Frank Harte
@foxglove65
@foxglove65 3 жыл бұрын
"These hoes ain't loyal" - Gandhi
@Akumasama
@Akumasama 3 жыл бұрын
"Our words are backed by nuclear weapons." - Hammurabi
@robwalsh9843
@robwalsh9843 3 жыл бұрын
"I'm not saying it was aliens..." - Montezuma
@GabrielGarcia-km2ou
@GabrielGarcia-km2ou 3 жыл бұрын
"Make your own quotes"- Me
@maldito_sudaka
@maldito_sudaka 3 жыл бұрын
viva la resistencia
@farhanrivin934
@farhanrivin934 3 жыл бұрын
In the end, the cultures live on not because how fascinating or high functional they are, but because of how much they keep records of things. Romans were very good at documenting, that's why even after the fall of Rome, we know more about every little nuances of Roman history than the history of Ostrogoths. Lesson is, gotta write my autobiography someday so that people don't remember me through the descriptions of my haters.
@miAIFI
@miAIFI 3 жыл бұрын
Don’t worry, in all likelihood no one will remember you at all.
@rifkifanani3694
@rifkifanani3694 3 жыл бұрын
i mean... is it wrong to not be remembered?
@SlayerRiley
@SlayerRiley 3 жыл бұрын
@@rifkifanani3694 I'd say it's a blessing :)
@Gabdube
@Gabdube 3 жыл бұрын
Much like oral history, written history does not *_reliably_* survive long unless is it continuously being *_actively_* preserved anyway. Keeping written records does not necessarily prevent the loss of History and culture through conquests and colonizations. Just ask literally the entire world outside of the greco-roman world and early-modern european empires. We _"know more about every little nuances of Roman history than the history of Ostrogoths"_ because Roman society and culture literally dominated most of the known society and History of all of of the nations that eventually conquered the entire world. So, those records were *_actively_* preserved and deemed important while others were not. Even if the Ostrogoths had meticulously written down everything we'd want to know about them, the majority of it would probably not have survived to this day. And the Ostrogoths were still conquerers themselves, so imagine how less likely it it for colonized society and culture to survive long in comparison. Also, getting back to the video itself: the continental Celts did have writing, they used it at least for trade, diplomacy, administrative purposes, etc. Writing on rolled bark sheets is how Uercingetorix coordinated the Arverni Confederation's counterattack on the Siege of Alesia from inside the walls. We have archeological finds of gaulish dialects written using a phoenician-derived system highly similar to the Greek alphabet. Gaulish money had words written on it. Losing History and culture isn't a problem of "not having the written word", the problem is that as far as we know, not much writing *survived*. This stuff was just not actively preserved all the way throughout History like greco-roman culture has been.
@Gabdube
@Gabdube 3 жыл бұрын
tl;dr: Writing an extensive and meticulous autobiography most likely will not change anything in how you are remembered, *if* you are remembered at all.
@AdrianvonZiegler
@AdrianvonZiegler 3 жыл бұрын
That was really well-made and very enjoyable to watch.
@bradhuygens
@bradhuygens 3 жыл бұрын
Big fan of your music for many years. Where I belong particularly spoke to me back in 2010/2011. I had you in mind when I saw this video was on celts
@MH-ms1dg
@MH-ms1dg 2 жыл бұрын
OMG IT'S YOU!!
@Ze_Ninguem
@Ze_Ninguem 2 жыл бұрын
@Wisdom Perception Really?
@aydrixx4606
@aydrixx4606 2 жыл бұрын
@Wisdom Perception no
@nox6948
@nox6948 2 жыл бұрын
adrian von ziegler the legend himself!
@dannythedoge758
@dannythedoge758 3 жыл бұрын
If there are no records about the Magic Potion, that's because Getafix did his job well.
@Rythmguitarable
@Rythmguitarable 3 жыл бұрын
well druids are forbidden to write a record of their knowledge
@WaterShowsProd
@WaterShowsProd 3 жыл бұрын
No wonder The Romans never recorded it. A small village of madmen able to hold out against Caesar and the might of Rome! Somewhere though there may exist a scroll, or parchment, or some other record, in some far off land, chronicling the arrival of 2 visitors and a small dog with superhuman strength.
@arng111
@arng111 3 жыл бұрын
He actually just gave Asterix RAD140 (Testolone)
@NobleKorhedron
@NobleKorhedron 3 жыл бұрын
@Imperium Productions Here's another Asterix fan, by Belissima!
@induspherix
@induspherix 3 жыл бұрын
It's been a while since I thumbed through the comic, but I vaguely recall something about mistletoe being his secret ingredient. Related PSA: don't mess around with mistletoe, kids
@JohnnyElRed
@JohnnyElRed 3 жыл бұрын
No records of potions granting superhuman strenght? That's what the Romans wanted us to think!
@rhystaylor9290
@rhystaylor9290 3 жыл бұрын
That’s what we all want to think
@Wartensteiin
@Wartensteiin 3 жыл бұрын
E
@up0the0ions
@up0the0ions 3 жыл бұрын
@@huanquocmanh416 and night raiding
@WaterShowsProd
@WaterShowsProd 3 жыл бұрын
These KZfaqrs are crazy. (toc-toc-toc)
@MetalGearTenno
@MetalGearTenno 3 жыл бұрын
There is no record that is what the Romans wanted us to think either.
@exclibrion
@exclibrion 3 жыл бұрын
Oh man, I cannot wait for the next episode. The invasion of Celts on the Greek states during the Diadochi era is vastly ignored at schools.
@user-ln8eh5nq3q
@user-ln8eh5nq3q 3 жыл бұрын
Me too l can't wait for battle of Thermopylae the attack against the oracle of Delphi and the battle of Lysimachia
@mercianthane2503
@mercianthane2503 3 жыл бұрын
Remember, for most historians, only greek and roman culture matter, and they jerk off thinking about Caesar.
@user-ln8eh5nq3q
@user-ln8eh5nq3q 3 жыл бұрын
@@mercianthane2503 l don't believe that if we are talking only for ancient history then the ancient Egyptians the Achaemenids , Carthage Chinese the Indians have a big part in ancient history .historians haven't study well the Celts because they didn't left behind any written scripts
@nothingtoseeheremovealong598
@nothingtoseeheremovealong598 3 жыл бұрын
Mercian Thane That may partially be true but we simply dont know that much about these peoples
@mercianthane2503
@mercianthane2503 3 жыл бұрын
@@user-ln8eh5nq3q Heck, even the egyptians are left out in many situations.
@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK
@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK 3 жыл бұрын
This video reminds me of how the Gauls were semi-accurately depicted in Civilization VI as an industrial-focused nation. As stated in this video, they were not primitive hunter-gatherers, they were a highly cultured and industrialised nation that were amongst the greatest artisans and metalsmiths of their era.
@NoRockinMansLand
@NoRockinMansLand 2 жыл бұрын
They were greatest in their region, don't forget that in Nigeria the first ironworking appeared around 1000BC which is earlier than the celtic discovery of iron
@resentfuldragon
@resentfuldragon Жыл бұрын
@@NoRockinMansLand thats why he said they were aongst the greatest, not the greatest themselves. he appreciated their abilities by saying they were one of the best.
@lapieblanche6863
@lapieblanche6863 Жыл бұрын
Still better than in astérix et obélix.
@parisan9985
@parisan9985 Жыл бұрын
If they are highly cultures and industrialised, how did they their culture got replaced by Romans?
@ldfreitas9437
@ldfreitas9437 Жыл бұрын
@@NoRockinMansLand No, about the same time. The Iron Age starts about 1000 BCE in Europe.
@Primalintent
@Primalintent 3 жыл бұрын
Do the Basques in the future! The history of the Basque people is so interesting and strange and mysterious.
@k089er
@k089er 3 жыл бұрын
Sorry if I stole your comment to made a reply on KaG pinned comment, hope you have a great day bro
@yourdadsotherfamily3530
@yourdadsotherfamily3530 3 жыл бұрын
That or the iolei tribals of Sardinia that resisted the Phoenicians, (early and later)carthaginians and romans for a longgggg time they existed since the Bronze Age atleast if not farther back an even older epoch :3 plus they are in total war so- get to it’ xD
@lessssssgooooo
@lessssssgooooo 3 жыл бұрын
No
@leontarkostas5768
@leontarkostas5768 3 жыл бұрын
Euskal herria
@synkkamaan1331
@synkkamaan1331 3 жыл бұрын
The year is 3049, and the Basque people have formed an interplanetary empire, with its capital based on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.
@L.P1403
@L.P1403 2 жыл бұрын
Great to see the Celtic peoples getting some time in the spotlight. Sure, Roman and Hellenic history is interesting, but the enigmatic and mysterious Celtic peoples are just as fascinating; their cultural influences and independent spirit have against all odds endured to this very day.
@ldfreitas9437
@ldfreitas9437 Жыл бұрын
I taught 7th grade history, which was mostly European based, with China, Japan later in the school year, and always the year started with Egyptians and Babylonians. Anyway, along with Greeks and Romans I included a unit on Celts for a few days. It was easy enough to copy out pages from the few historic books on them, and then there was a video I copied off the old History Channel that had a segment on Celts and their wars with Rome, and it showed a map of Europe under Celtic "rule" that diminished as the Romans started to expand in the 200s BCE. So, Celtic Europe's vastness was there to see: about three quarters of Iberia, Gaul, Britain/Ireland, Northern Italy and the Balkans, and that bit of Southern Turkey and that tiny bit of Poland as their easternmost territory, with no one tribe or emperor ruling all that vast territory.
@markhuckercelticcrossbows7887
@markhuckercelticcrossbows7887 Жыл бұрын
south wales took the romans 60 years to defeat, makes the rest of europe and britain, look like a bunch of sissys lol :)
@danielblom391
@danielblom391 3 жыл бұрын
Bonus fact: in Ireland, the Celtic god Lugh was the chief deity, Lugh Lamfada, god of all arts and crafts and king of the gods. When Ireland was Christianized, the old hills, sídhe, were believed to be refuges were the old gods fled and hid from the Christians, much like Celtic culture became oppressed and hid away. Over time, these hills would become known as the fairy hills, and the old gods were downgraded to fairies. But not Lugh. His name got bastardized to Lugh Cromfain, or 'Old Stooping Lugh', which, when legend faded to myth, became Leprechaun.
@rondoiron6907
@rondoiron6907 2 жыл бұрын
Dagda
@fearmorpiercemacmaghnais7186
@fearmorpiercemacmaghnais7186 2 жыл бұрын
Isn't the dagada the cheif deity?
@adrienfleury8118
@adrienfleury8118 2 жыл бұрын
In ancient Gaul, there was a Lugh too, but called Lug. God of Arts and Crafts as Lugh, the Romans did recognized him as Hermes, emphasizing that Lug was the most worshipped god in Gaul. In modern-day France, the city of Lyon was originally named Lugdunum, "City of Lug".
@candide311
@candide311 2 жыл бұрын
@@adrienfleury8118 That's interesting, just realised that the root 'dunum' has common linguistic origins with the Celtic Britons' language because here in England it's also used in place names like Camulodunum, the original name for Colchester, meaning 'fortress of Camulos' (a Celtic god of war and the theorized inspiration for the naming of the legendary castle of Camelot). After a bit of research it seems dunum is derived from 'dunon' - 'dunum' being the Latinized version.
@carloscampana
@carloscampana 2 жыл бұрын
Lugh= LUGO, SPAIN
@The_Daily_Tomato
@The_Daily_Tomato 3 жыл бұрын
Watching Kings and Generals while Civilization VI music is in the background is the very pinnacle of the KZfaq experience. Superb job.
@postpan
@postpan 3 жыл бұрын
What track is this exactly?
@The_Daily_Tomato
@The_Daily_Tomato 3 жыл бұрын
@@postpan I think it might be the national track for Gaul (Ambiorix)
@budakbaongsiah
@budakbaongsiah 3 жыл бұрын
Civ 5 Celt too
@adriancaine5278
@adriancaine5278 3 жыл бұрын
If you're familiar with the background music, could you please tell me what it is that's playing at roughly 8:30, with the woman singing in the background? It doesn't seem to be from the CIV6 gaul soundtrack, so I can't find it.
@The_Daily_Tomato
@The_Daily_Tomato 3 жыл бұрын
@@adriancaine5278 I cannot be certain of that piece but i did recently play Gaul so if this is a Civ 6 soundtrack it does not belong to Gaul.
@avivlamech-kalambi519
@avivlamech-kalambi519 3 жыл бұрын
This channel is a jewel, not just because of how well researched and explained everything is, but also because of its wide range. I hope you can make some more videos on the Celts and maybe the other Italian civilizations before Rome became an Empire.
@batchestheeverskink293
@batchestheeverskink293 3 жыл бұрын
They do, in fact, already have at least one video on pre-Roman Italy, talking about the Etruscans before conquest and their influence on Roman society after.
@johnforbes8282
@johnforbes8282 3 жыл бұрын
And they have the Samnites video and Samnite war video too
@avivlamech-kalambi519
@avivlamech-kalambi519 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for telling me guys, I was hoping for videos about Samnite Lifestyle, and the lifestyles of other inhabiting what is now Italy.
@user-ln8eh5nq3q
@user-ln8eh5nq3q 3 жыл бұрын
Yes they have some videos about the history of Italy before the Romans . It would be very interesting to see the realisations between the Etruscans North and Central Italy the Greeks south Italy and Sicily ( magna grecia ) the Carthaginians and the tribes of central italy the Lucanians samnites brutii messapii
@induspherix
@induspherix 3 жыл бұрын
I would also be interested to see a video focused on surveying more cultures of Italy before Roman dominance. The video on Etruscan is fascinating, and I would love to learn more about cultures and languages that may have influenced the early Roman identity.
@user-ro9ms4hq5y
@user-ro9ms4hq5y 3 жыл бұрын
There are more Celtic names surviving through other languages as well, the Region of Galata and the Galatasarai team in Turkey, in Greek, France is called Galia and Switzerland is called Elvetia.
@MMadesen
@MMadesen 3 жыл бұрын
Also Bohemia, Bavaria and Bolognia are all named after the celtic Boii tribe. And Veneto + Venice and through those also Venezuela are named after the tribe of the Venetii.
@ianwilkinson4602
@ianwilkinson4602 3 жыл бұрын
Switzerland used to be known as Helvetia as evidenced on old postage stamps.
@ianwilkinson4602
@ianwilkinson4602 3 жыл бұрын
@@swissmilitischristilxxii3691 Oh great, thanks for the heads up, it has been a long time since I collected stamps, and have only ever heard it referred to as Switzerland since. Cheers and keep safe.
@cegesh1459
@cegesh1459 3 жыл бұрын
@@ianwilkinson4602 Both is true. CH is still used.
@ianwilkinson4602
@ianwilkinson4602 3 жыл бұрын
@@cegesh1459 I always wondered what CH meant, and now thanks to you guys I know. Greetings from the Celtic land of Cymru [ Wales ] Heddych [ Peace ]
@jordinagel1184
@jordinagel1184 3 жыл бұрын
“The history of Europe’s most enigmatic people” *angry Basque noises*
@lostfox27
@lostfox27 3 жыл бұрын
All basque noises are angry 😁
@Gigas0101
@Gigas0101 3 жыл бұрын
How mysterious are the Basque? We still do not know what their angry noises had sounded like!
@Jack-jz4ls
@Jack-jz4ls 3 жыл бұрын
@@lostfox27 can confirmed, i have a basque cousin.
@iliriandedvukaj9210
@iliriandedvukaj9210 3 жыл бұрын
@@donaldseigel4101 what about Illyrians?
@iliriandedvukaj9210
@iliriandedvukaj9210 3 жыл бұрын
@@donaldseigel4101 well during romanticism people thought that their descendants were the south slavs, because they lived in the territories that belonged to Ancient Illyria.But this theory goes down because salvic tribes came to Balkan only during 6/7th century and fought against the native Illyrian population.South Slavs may have some percentage of Illyiran blood because of getting mixed but still they don't inherit their language,names,tradition etc.While a german theory and the most popular one among the modern world(most of slavs hate it and disagree) it's that the most direct descendants are albanians,there are many facts and incommon things they share with ancient illyrians starting from language,names,tradition,territories where they live,DNA etc!
@evrensaygn1017
@evrensaygn1017 3 жыл бұрын
Do the Germanic people next! I am very curious about them, their difference to Celtic Tribes and how their societal traditions carried on to medieval age and probably to the modern era.
@hoonshiming99
@hoonshiming99 3 жыл бұрын
They already did.
@thezeitos469
@thezeitos469 3 жыл бұрын
@@aldosigmann419 Germanics. They migrated into the area during the great migration long after the celts were already gone.
@18Krieger
@18Krieger 3 жыл бұрын
@@aldosigmann419 While many celtic people have been absorbed by the germanic tribes, we know that large parts of modern day Bavaria were multiple times mostly abandoned and were settled by germanic tribes during late antiquity.
@RaviGupta-pm4wb
@RaviGupta-pm4wb 3 жыл бұрын
Bavarians are hybrid of germanic and celtic tribe
@TemplarX2
@TemplarX2 3 жыл бұрын
@@thezeitos469 They were most likely just Gauls that adopted the Germanics culture and hence language. Western Europeans are basically racially the same people with different languages.
@firemangan5024
@firemangan5024 2 жыл бұрын
This led me to became more interested in my Celtic ancestry, I love the art style representing the celts and the history of the cultures and society.
@darrenbutler9819
@darrenbutler9819 3 жыл бұрын
"Meanwhile magic potions that bestow superhuman strength on their drinkers, are regrettably absent from druidic historiography." Sad Asterix noises.
@perceivedvelocity9914
@perceivedvelocity9914 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for pointing out that New Age cosplay is not based on the real Druids.
@SimuLord
@SimuLord 3 жыл бұрын
There are two broad types of neopagans. Historical reconstructionists with real faith in and honor of the Old Gods... ...and Disney princess fluff-bunny Wiccans, Odin-corrupting neo-Nazis, and others who corrupt the Old Ways and dishonor the gods.
@xxxxxx-uh5pu
@xxxxxx-uh5pu 3 жыл бұрын
People will believe what they wish. They always have. Religious beliefs, when you get right down to it, are often not that silly in the grand scheme of things. If people want to connect there personal beliefs and desire for spiritual fulfillment to a tradition they barely understand which even expert historians only grasp in fragments, then either there are worse things they could do or they would probably be doing those worse things anyways. If one or more gods exist, they must be used to insults or no humans would be left, a thing we can all probably learn from.
@scottyfox6376
@scottyfox6376 3 жыл бұрын
Throws a ball wad of paper while yelling "Dwarven Fireball" & waves magic staff..😁🔥💥
@Vladklx
@Vladklx 3 жыл бұрын
@@SimuLord odin worshippers!?? More like new age liberal hippies
@cegesh1459
@cegesh1459 3 жыл бұрын
@@SimuLord Not really. They all are cosplayers ignoring history.
@paolovirtuani7826
@paolovirtuani7826 3 жыл бұрын
A great video, quality graphics too. Very good summary, congratulations. If I was to nit-pick, Northern Italy is overlooked a bit. Celts were there before the Gaulish invasion (c. 400 b.C.), check the Golasecca culture, and Lepontii across the Alps. It is not a trivial thing, as their role in culture-exchange between the Mediterranean and Continental Europe was quite prominent and is being looked at with renewed interest. Also, Etruscans did not engage in capillary settlement of Northern Italy, which was largely unpopulated, but established a few mercantile-military footholds aimed at controlling the trading routes. Otherwise, excellent job, 10/10, I'm happy to be a subscriber.
@hindel6141
@hindel6141 3 жыл бұрын
I would like to express my gratitude to you people that made this video! Looking forward for the next one.
@chelebelle2223
@chelebelle2223 3 жыл бұрын
Me too! They make very informative and interesting videos.
@Frenchylikeshikes
@Frenchylikeshikes 3 жыл бұрын
THANK YOU !! Celtics people have been considered for centuries like an obscure, barbaric people (losers of war always get a bad rap I suppose and Romans did a great job at discrediting them ), yet, those past decades, we finally re-discover and understand more those amazing, SMART, people. They ARE also part of our heritage.
@resentfuldragon
@resentfuldragon Жыл бұрын
thats just how it is, the losers get sterotyped while the winners get propped up. people don't care about many civilizations even if they went toe to toe or even surpassed the favorites of historians. Another example other than the celts were the arabs. They were some of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in human history and have so many achievements, but modern history just paints them as backwards expansionist morons and post ww1 they were slandered hard. the winners have to make themselves look good to justify the mistreatment of the losers.
@rad6554
@rad6554 Жыл бұрын
because they are
@ethankendall9499
@ethankendall9499 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for speaking on the topic of their hair. I have been so curious about why in every depiction of Celts, we see atleast one person with their hair standing up in spikes. Once again, thanks!
@SimuLord
@SimuLord 3 жыл бұрын
Guy Fieri's ancestors, perhaps?
@EidolonSpecus
@EidolonSpecus 3 жыл бұрын
Ancient Gauls invented "Animé hair".
@napoleonibonaparte7198
@napoleonibonaparte7198 3 жыл бұрын
Won’t stop me from avenging the Battle of Pendraic for the Empire.
@nebsam7137
@nebsam7137 3 жыл бұрын
Battle of Pendraic?I have never heard of this battle
@FriedOrc
@FriedOrc 3 жыл бұрын
@@nebsam7137 It's not a story the Calradians would tell you
@kevincastillomorales4858
@kevincastillomorales4858 3 жыл бұрын
Have you heard of the Calredians?
@nebsam7137
@nebsam7137 3 жыл бұрын
@@FriedOrc Hmm and who are they?
@nebsam7137
@nebsam7137 3 жыл бұрын
@@kevincastillomorales4858 no I have not.Who are they?
@thewitherchannel1053
@thewitherchannel1053 3 жыл бұрын
I wonder when you're going to receive an award for your entire channel work, absolutely stunning
@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319
@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319 3 жыл бұрын
I've waited a long time for you to make a series dedicated to the Celts
@fighterofthenightman1057
@fighterofthenightman1057 3 жыл бұрын
Absolutely love this series, your best yet! It’d be awesome if you discussed peoples whose origins are not as often discussed but are still notable in history - like the early Italic peoples and the first Hellenic invaders meeting the so-called “Pelasgians.”
@Me2Lancer
@Me2Lancer 2 жыл бұрын
Let's not forget about the Gauls of Anatolia. Galatia was a region in north-central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) settled by the Celtic Gauls c. 278-277 BCE.
@oscarscribner7702
@oscarscribner7702 3 жыл бұрын
Your channel is amazing your content is consistent, well animated and well researched. Great job as always
@lukacvitkovic8550
@lukacvitkovic8550 3 жыл бұрын
Celts are my favorite ancient people! Thanks for covering them, I love your approach to history :)
@Darkdaej
@Darkdaej 3 жыл бұрын
So Epona was a Celtic god? Well, it's interesting to finally know where Miyamoto got the name for Link's horse in Ocarina of Time.
@Baccanaso
@Baccanaso 3 жыл бұрын
Always thought Zelda was based on Celtic myth/aesthetics
@up0the0ions
@up0the0ions 3 жыл бұрын
yes god of horses
@grandmastersreaction1267
@grandmastersreaction1267 3 жыл бұрын
@@Baccanaso it’s a mishmash of different European myths/cultures and aesthetics. Links hat is Scythian, his sword is Breton etc etc
@elbentos7803
@elbentos7803 3 жыл бұрын
Epona was a gaulish goddess, the protector of horses, and her sect became quite popular among the horsemen and horse keepers of the imperial roman army.
@EidolonSpecus
@EidolonSpecus 3 жыл бұрын
@@Baccanaso At least, it's based on what japanese people _think_ celtic aesthetics look like. Imagine if weaboos were held as the standard for what japanese culture is.
@21stcenturybohemian
@21stcenturybohemian 3 жыл бұрын
Congratulations guys and girls, I like the way this channel is going. You are becoming a remarkable resource for historical understanding. While your topics are far more extensive than my knowledge, from what I have seen, what you present aligns well with what I do know.
@marwanhamze6329
@marwanhamze6329 3 жыл бұрын
Just last week I was reading about the Celts and wanted to know more about them. This came at the exact right time for me, as if you actually read my mind! Thank you very much for this!!!
@davidbocquelet-dbodesign
@davidbocquelet-dbodesign 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent, i was eagerly awaiting for this serie ! Nothing to say you covered it pretty well. Soon we will hear about the Bagaudoi, Argoi, Eporedoi, cingetoi, cauaroi, solduroi, ambactoi, and i'm sure you'll cover the galatian epic to boot !
@pierrerust2423
@pierrerust2423 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent and very well synthesized presentation, as usual with K&G ! Looking forward to viewing the continuation.
@giftedseeker6687
@giftedseeker6687 2 жыл бұрын
I love how you rely heavily on facts instead of just hearsay. Super unbiased ; it’s great!
@ferallumberjack4310
@ferallumberjack4310 3 жыл бұрын
I have tried to learn as much as possible about the Celtic cultures as they have always intrigued me and I have to say of the several documentaries and break downs of the history/culture of the Celts yours I have found to be the most informative and enjoyable.
@stephensinclair3771
@stephensinclair3771 3 жыл бұрын
"This day is against us. Every day is against us. We who's father's father's told Alexander that they feared only that the sky should fall. Who held all Europe's fields - are driven into the west. Ever west. The souls of places have died because no-one remembers their true names" Old west highland poem.
@yassies9640
@yassies9640 2 жыл бұрын
I'm from Belgium and it's fascinating to learn more about the group of people we got our name from. Ambiorix is a name everyone knows here.
@bubankoo
@bubankoo 3 жыл бұрын
Switzerland still goes by Confoederatio Helvetica (Helvetic Confederation) from which we get the data code CH and currency short-hand CHF
@uniuni8855
@uniuni8855 3 жыл бұрын
Cool
@varana
@varana 3 жыл бұрын
@@savioblanc Kind of, yes - it was created in Basel, Switzerland.
@EidolonSpecus
@EidolonSpecus 3 жыл бұрын
@@savioblanc It'sthe name of a people, not a region. The Helvetii famously tried to migrate *out* of that region, but were eventualy stopped by Caesar's invasion, allegedly to "pacify the region (he pulled a George W. Bush).
@sizzla123
@sizzla123 3 жыл бұрын
EPIC “Let us go where the gods have shown us the way and the injustice of our enemies calls us.” - Julius Caesar
@quorthon1940
@quorthon1940 3 жыл бұрын
Watching this brilliant video about Celts while listening to celtic/folk metal is a combination which cannot get better by any means!!! Once more, Kings and Generals know how to deliver the goods!!!! Congrats to you guys, you deserve it!
@flexmentallo9993
@flexmentallo9993 3 жыл бұрын
Which band?
@quorthon1940
@quorthon1940 3 жыл бұрын
@@flexmentallo9993 i think the most characteristic of its genre, Cruachan!!!
@javierwagner4410
@javierwagner4410 2 жыл бұрын
I really enjoyed this more detailed video about economic, cultural, social makeup. Those details add depth to the dynamics of human history. Specially to know the organization and division of labor is of great value personally for me to understand the context.
@triskeliosthelastcelt1303
@triskeliosthelastcelt1303 3 жыл бұрын
I've been waiting for this. The artwork is beautiful, the Trees and rain really gives it a romantic Element. Very good video.
@youvebeengreeked
@youvebeengreeked 3 жыл бұрын
Geoff Knorr: *composes a piece of music for Sid Meier* K&G: _"Is for me?"_ 👉🏼👈🏼
@budakbaongsiah
@budakbaongsiah 3 жыл бұрын
Ackchually, he mostly arranges folk music for Civ.
@youvebeengreeked
@youvebeengreeked 3 жыл бұрын
@@budakbaongsiah *Actually* Sid Meier makes the Civ Games 👍🏼
@budakbaongsiah
@budakbaongsiah 3 жыл бұрын
@@youvebeengreeked Actually, he hasn't been involved as much as he did since Civ 5.
@youvebeengreeked
@youvebeengreeked 3 жыл бұрын
@@budakbaongsiah Geoff Knorr composed the majority of music in Civ VI
@highroller6244
@highroller6244 3 жыл бұрын
Whats the name if the Song? Its so beautiful.
@CivilWarWeekByWeek
@CivilWarWeekByWeek 3 жыл бұрын
I knew Boston sports were old but I would have never guessed ancient
@mbathroom1
@mbathroom1 3 жыл бұрын
Well to be fair, Boston is mostly Celtic nowadays anyways
@stevebobmcjocksock4021
@stevebobmcjocksock4021 3 жыл бұрын
Plastic Paddyland
@christobalcolon6601
@christobalcolon6601 3 жыл бұрын
Basque fishermen from the Azores fished the Grand Banks and dried codfish on Cape Cod and costal Maine before Columbus arrived in the Bahamas.
@mbathroom1
@mbathroom1 3 жыл бұрын
@@christobalcolon6601 any proof?
@Gabdube
@Gabdube 3 жыл бұрын
@@mbathroom1 it's a pretty well known fact here in Québec. We have a region called Les Basques for that reason. *But* the thing is, the Basque fishermen did not recognize this as anything new, they themselves probably did not think they "discovered" it. As far as we know, they had no idea that the land was unknown to the rest of Europe. They probably just assumed it was some island in the Atlantic that scholars already knew about but that no other europeans bothered to visit.
@zetenybacso362
@zetenybacso362 3 жыл бұрын
Okay, this was really really epic. Thank you for making this.
@Vexclorion
@Vexclorion 3 жыл бұрын
wow, lol i love this. i used dungeon fog's celtic drops for my campaign. came in clutch sunday even thought this vid hit the tuesday after. Having a Celtic themed campaign, this is a great video! Thank you!
@JustGrowingUp84
@JustGrowingUp84 3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant choice for a series, this is such an interesting subject!
@BlackBrisingr4
@BlackBrisingr4 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making this video. I'm actually writing a story based in late Republic era of Rome and one of the major characters is an Avernii Gaul, so I've been learning about Gaul and the Celts for a while and find them fascinating. I wish we had more info, but it's nice to see them getting some appreciation.
@robertolang9684
@robertolang9684 Жыл бұрын
the Celts defeated Rome in Iberia for 200 years
@BlackBrisingr4
@BlackBrisingr4 Жыл бұрын
@@Izanagi057 I'm on the second draft of my second book and I hope to have it published by the end of the year.
@BlackBrisingr4
@BlackBrisingr4 Жыл бұрын
@@Izanagi057 Thank you very much. I think the second book is a pretty big improvement on the first.
@ChaosShake94
@ChaosShake94 3 жыл бұрын
I love this! One of my favorite people groups because there is so little known! Thank you for this series!!!
@quattrosaltiinpadellaconbu7143
@quattrosaltiinpadellaconbu7143 3 жыл бұрын
When you will continue the italic populations series, can you please make an episode about ciaslpine celts and in particular ancient Ligurians?
@MrColuber
@MrColuber 3 жыл бұрын
"meanwhile magic potions that bestow superhuman strength on their drinkers are regrettably absent from druidic historiography" Really? Are you telling me that Caesar did indeed conquer all of Gaul? All of it?
@theexile1155
@theexile1155 3 жыл бұрын
You were predestined to be different(Romans 8:29), he who has an ear to hear, let him hear(Mark 4:9). HALLELUYAH!(PRAISE YE YAH!)
@vespelian5769
@vespelian5769 2 жыл бұрын
I heard one village at least held out.
@kamion53
@kamion53 2 жыл бұрын
maybe he didn't get one village by the sea, but he pretty much exterminated the rest of Gaul and also because filthy rich on selling Gauls as slaves.
@hakon_brennus_wolff106
@hakon_brennus_wolff106 3 жыл бұрын
Ooo. I’ve been waiting on you to do this one!
@dalisss5585
@dalisss5585 3 жыл бұрын
Watching Kings And Generals is like a drug, you watch the newest episode, finish it, immediately wanting another episode. This channel is a precious treasure. ⚔️ Keep up the good work!
@jonbaxter2254
@jonbaxter2254 3 жыл бұрын
YES! I've been waiting for a Celt documentry on here for ages. I love them, the mystery of it all.
@GanjaMasterBlaster
@GanjaMasterBlaster 3 жыл бұрын
Me too! To be honest, i think the Celtic and Gaulish language is more beautiful than the Roman language
@jonbaxter2254
@jonbaxter2254 3 жыл бұрын
@@GanjaMasterBlaster Agreed. I wish Celts were still around, just a fascinating culture, art and music
@Mr.HotDogShirtGuy
@Mr.HotDogShirtGuy 3 жыл бұрын
@@jonbaxter2254 We’re still here, in spirit.
@jonbaxter2254
@jonbaxter2254 3 жыл бұрын
@@Mr.HotDogShirtGuy Welsh?
@EidolonSpecus
@EidolonSpecus 3 жыл бұрын
@@jonbaxter2254 The people are still there; the roman genocide did not simply exterminate everyone in western Europe. They just stopped being culturally-celtic.
@celtofcanaanesurix2245
@celtofcanaanesurix2245 3 жыл бұрын
12:15 or the Celtic word Galā meaning “able” or Greek γάλα (gála) meaning “milk” refereeing to either their pale complexion or their high lactose tolerance compared to Mediterraneans. In fact these options are more likely as Proto germanic walhaz couldn’t become something like gaul until it entered the French language where initial w- became gu- as can be seen in Guillaume the French version of William.
@varolussalsanclar1163
@varolussalsanclar1163 2 жыл бұрын
mediterraneans tolerate lactose as well as every other european, as sheep and goat milk and their cheeses have been a staple of our diet for many millenia.
@3-6-9-6-3
@3-6-9-6-3 2 жыл бұрын
So is this where the measure of a gallon originated?
@brokenbridge6316
@brokenbridge6316 3 жыл бұрын
Nicely informative video. Can't wait for the next one on Celtic Culture. Would love to hear what you have to say about how Celts truly waged war. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
@maldito_sudaka
@maldito_sudaka 3 жыл бұрын
14:23 that's such an EPIC way of showing social relations. I love you, Kings and Generals ❤️
@scratomicpokemonfaaan6847
@scratomicpokemonfaaan6847 2 жыл бұрын
Agreed, super cool
@reddishcat1
@reddishcat1 3 жыл бұрын
Your videos always put me in the mood to delve a little deeper, sometimes Wikipedia, sometimes games. Thankyou
@RhysapGrug
@RhysapGrug 2 жыл бұрын
I'm a Welsh speaker and work on my families farm,we have many ancient Pre Celtic-Celtic ' structures strewn around out land. On one of my video's you will see what I called a 'Norman motte+Bailey hill fort' It turns out it was actually a burial mound for a important person,possibly a type of Lord/king or a Druid.
@adrianserban1216
@adrianserban1216 3 жыл бұрын
Hi, Great documentary! Congratulations for your exciting work. A humble suggestion if I may: another great civilization which fought the celts were the getae - mentioned by the Greek authors under this name, later mentioned by the romans as Dacian. These ancestors of present day Romanians were also invaded by the celts initially, later on fighting back and driving them west as far as present day Germany. The history of this Thracian branch of people is also worth creating a video on, especially for their martial prowess and their beliefs in immortality. If you choose to create a series of videos on their culture it will give them the credit they deserve, as they are presently forgotten and even in Romania archeologists are more interested in Greek or Roman sites than the many Dacian settlements and fortresses. Thank you again for your inspiring work and all the best from Romania!
@Maksymetzmj
@Maksymetzmj 2 жыл бұрын
This type of video inspires me to travel, learn, create and listen
@Acnasheen
@Acnasheen Жыл бұрын
probably the best summary of this complicated part of history lve seen so far 👏👏👏👏👏👏 And l LOVE the drawings ❤❤❤
@horatiobiggins
@horatiobiggins 3 жыл бұрын
Julius Caesar: And I took that personally
@Shane-ri4bq
@Shane-ri4bq 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent video! Sometimes the "Helvetic Confederation" is used to talk about the Switzerland and the Helvets are the Helvetii (or at least descendants of them)
@syiannakis
@syiannakis 3 жыл бұрын
Hey Devin, when talking about the British Isles....there's an extra bit of passion in your voice. Prove me wrong! Fantastic as always by the way, keep up the great work!
@bettyquizamas1168
@bettyquizamas1168 2 жыл бұрын
What an awesome channel 😱😱😱😱!!!! So enjoyable and didactic!!!!! Thank you so much for the effort put in every video 😊 🤗!!!!!
@timtevanian9372
@timtevanian9372 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this well documented and synthetic video ! But I would like to bring a further information in your depiction of Celtic hierarchy. The one you describe is indeed the one that match the Hallsatt and early la Tene period, accordingly to what the scientific found. But you forget to mention the dynamic that affect the later La Tene period, especially in Gallic area, where city State system likes are far more common. Parisis, Eduani, and several other tribes are described by Caesar as having their own kind of "Senate", where members of the aristocracy dispute their internal struggle for power. By the first century, many tribes (mostly based around a fortified urban center serving as a meeting point, called oppidum by the roman) were even forming some kind of leagues. At this time, the power of the nobility is thought to have been more challenged by the wealthiest of the lower class. I Can only recommend the works on the subject of deceased french historian Christian Goudineau. Anyway, I will watch the next videos with great interest !
@rabidspatula1013
@rabidspatula1013 3 жыл бұрын
Student: "What does Celtic mean?" Professor: *checks watch*
@cegesh1459
@cegesh1459 3 жыл бұрын
This is one of the best channels. Such a great video.
@umayyadball4126
@umayyadball4126 3 жыл бұрын
7:29 reminds me of one of the layouts of Barbarian cities in Total War: Attila. Great video! As a Scot I adore Celtic culture so much!!
@bora8417
@bora8417 3 жыл бұрын
Greetings from Galatia! :)
@KroM234
@KroM234 3 жыл бұрын
In my hometown, we have kept a very ancient celtic tradition of burning a giant wooden ephigy, normally man shaped, or monster-like. It is supposed to celebrate the death of winter and favour good harvests before the summer. It is specific to this town nowadays and its dependencies. Others in the region don't do this. For historians it is a direct remnant of celtic traditions that somehow survives super locally.
@Thebrooksable
@Thebrooksable 2 жыл бұрын
This has to be one of the best videos I have seen on youtube.
@victorreis4732
@victorreis4732 3 жыл бұрын
Wow! Cool! I am reading the book Myths and Legends of the Celts, by James MacKillop, right now. In fact, I was reading it when I saw the notification of this video. Very nice :)
@antoniskamateros7101
@antoniskamateros7101 3 жыл бұрын
It would be really interesting to see more origin stories of deferent coltures
@anastasiosvervantidis2026
@anastasiosvervantidis2026 3 жыл бұрын
In modern Greek, France is called Gallia (Γαλλία) while the French people Galli (Γάλλοι)
@forestmanzpedia
@forestmanzpedia 3 жыл бұрын
Interesting. In "Portugal" there is an Gaelic word. "-gal" > "cale". I dont know what it means though and I'm not sure if I wrote it right Edit: I corrected the word. It's "cale", not "cále". This word is presumed to be a Proto-Celtic word and means either "Fort" or "Harbour". When the Romans came in, they used the name and placed "portus" before it, hence "portus cale", which became later "Portugal".
@yourealittlebitfat4344
@yourealittlebitfat4344 3 жыл бұрын
Which is dumb since most of the Gauls lived in Belgium/South Netherlands.
@anastasiosvervantidis2026
@anastasiosvervantidis2026 3 жыл бұрын
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 all modern France and northern Italy was known to the Romans as Gaul or Gallia in latin. Gaul is where Gauls live
@RoderickVI
@RoderickVI 3 жыл бұрын
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 Gauls mostly lived in Switzerland, Southern Germany and France, the Belgae of Belgium and the modern day Netherlands were said to be mixed with Germanic tribes. (Roman sources describe them as more Germanic looking)
@TheBayzent
@TheBayzent 3 жыл бұрын
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 The Belgae weren't all the Gauls, they were the survivors after Caesar did a gamer move on them.
@gigiquillian4776
@gigiquillian4776 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much. Moving along to next Ancient Celtic Armies.
@Arachn4
@Arachn4 3 жыл бұрын
Love this kind of video. You can send this to any wargamer wanting to build a celtic force and he has all he needs to know in 20 min. Maybe except colours. A colour guide for antiquity would be nice. How to dye which colour, how probable / appropriate which colour would be for which class / caste. Can you do one similar for Germanic tribes of antiquity? Especially since they occupied similar spaces in time and territory on the map.
@AlexMaximius
@AlexMaximius 3 жыл бұрын
Great video, as always! I hope that you will create similar videos about Slavs (and Proto-Slavs) and ancient Balkan peoples!
@Lechoslaw8546
@Lechoslaw8546 Жыл бұрын
Kelts is just another name of Slavs, but they don't want to admit that.
@gandolfthorstefn1780
@gandolfthorstefn1780 11 ай бұрын
Rubbish! And they speak the same language do they?
@rajeshtv3357
@rajeshtv3357 3 жыл бұрын
Dear kings and generals I love your channel a lot and really enjoy seeing it as I am a history lover.first of all you guys are doing great.I would really appreciate if you can make a video on either the siege of Vienna of 1683 or a video about Nader shah Thanks
@williamrobinson4265
@williamrobinson4265 2 жыл бұрын
unironically one of the best videos about celtic history on youtube
@everssonnascimento4601
@everssonnascimento4601 3 жыл бұрын
This was great! Thank you. Amazing art by the way
@steverome293
@steverome293 3 жыл бұрын
As someone with a Masters in Celtic Studies and Mythology.......well done. 👍🏻😄👌🏼
@GanjaMasterBlaster
@GanjaMasterBlaster 3 жыл бұрын
I remember watching all the Asterix and Obelix films and animations as a kid :)
@gabrielinague3026
@gabrielinague3026 2 жыл бұрын
Increadible video!! Very well-made with valuable information, congratuallations. Take my like and subscription.
@HarpsichordHymnsTimRemington
@HarpsichordHymnsTimRemington Жыл бұрын
Thank you for this excellent presentation. It is fascinating to learn about the origins and culture of the ancient Celts
@philjohnson1744
@philjohnson1744 3 жыл бұрын
I wear your shirts so proud as I spout "facts" to my coworkers. Love the channel
@joshuagcwong734
@joshuagcwong734 3 жыл бұрын
So my main takeaway from this is that my Scottish and Irish Celtic ancestors were total fashionistas! 😂
@AnthonyLeighDunstan
@AnthonyLeighDunstan Жыл бұрын
This is so much visually impressive than inadequate portrayals of war and battle scenes and roaming narrators always moving toward the camera.
@yourfriendasmund1073
@yourfriendasmund1073 2 жыл бұрын
You have good Anthropology man. Way on nailing the Egalitarian VS Hierarchical difference between tribals and later societies
@AndrewTheCelt
@AndrewTheCelt 2 жыл бұрын
Professor Barry Cunliffe and many others have made a very good case for the origins of Celtic culture coming from the isle along the Atlantic and moving up the trade routes east
@jamaaldaynitelong8367
@jamaaldaynitelong8367 3 жыл бұрын
Every time you drop a video I tell my boss I got a call from my kid's school...And I have no children 🤫😂
@SimuLord
@SimuLord 3 жыл бұрын
"How many times is that school going to call you? Can't you send them to voicemail?" It's amazing how often K&G blesses us with new content.
@aritrabiswas
@aritrabiswas 3 жыл бұрын
By Toutatis, what a splendid video!!
@BartolomeoIrnerio
@BartolomeoIrnerio 3 жыл бұрын
What a great video! Truly top grade
@anachibi
@anachibi 3 жыл бұрын
I'd love to see more about the Celts and Gaels, especially in Ireland!
@TheRickyp83
@TheRickyp83 2 жыл бұрын
The Gaels were a Celtic group.
@anachibi
@anachibi 2 жыл бұрын
@@TheRickyp83 Yes, so I specified because I want to see more about them specifically.
@teovu5557
@teovu5557 Жыл бұрын
I wanna learn more about the native celtics of France in the Britanny region.
@davidlittle7182
@davidlittle7182 Жыл бұрын
@@teovu5557 came from Cornwall
@Rekkit_71
@Rekkit_71 3 жыл бұрын
In Brittany (region of western France) some people still speak a language of Celtic origin. The toponymy of places and family names are proof of this. There is also a renewal and a desire to promote and maintain this language locally at school. In addition, the signs announcing the names of towns and villages are in both French and Breton. This region of France is strongly marked culturally speaking, in particular by music, fest-noz, Bagads (Musical formations based on traditional instruments of Brittany, bombards, bagpipes, binious, which plays marching music), folk festivals and the inter-Celtic festival of Lorient which takes place every August 15th.
@markiec8914
@markiec8914 2 жыл бұрын
The Bretons are of a mix of Celts from 4th/5th century migrants from Dunmonia (Roman Britain) and local Gauls.
@davidlittle7182
@davidlittle7182 Жыл бұрын
my school pals in Scotland (in the 80s) used to go to the Fetes in Quimper and play in their bagpipe (cornemuse, the big ones) band every summer - they loved it
@Emilyb21-dm3bf
@Emilyb21-dm3bf 2 ай бұрын
Thankyou for making this. ❤ I love this history program
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