This is a flowchart on anticholinergic syndrome, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, and management.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Tachycardia
Risk factors / SDOH
Cell / tissue damage
Nervous system path
Anticholinergic syndrome
Medicine / drugs
Infectious / microbial
Biochem / organic chem
Immunology / inflammation
Signs / symptoms
Tests / imaging / labs
Environment / toxins
Genetics / hereditary
Flow physiology
Pathophysiology
+ Management
Etiology
Manifestations
Systemic blockage of acetylcholine →
↓ parasympathetic nervous system
↓ involuntary smooth muscles movement in:
Gastrointestinal tract
Urinary tract
Lungs
Sweat glands
Arteries
Dry mouth
Thirst
Constipation
↓ bowel sounds
Paralytic ileus
Urinary retention
Warm, dry skin
Eye
Flushing
Midriasis
Photophobia
↑ intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
Confusion
Agitation
Delirium
Belladonna poisoning: toxic leaves and berries contain atropine and scopolamine
Jimson weed / Angel's trumpet (Datura stramonium) poisoning: also contains atropine and scopolamine, causes "gardener's pupil"
Drugs that are primarily anticholinergic agents
Drugs with anticholinergic properties / side effects
Atropine
Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl
Tricyclic antidepressants (predominantly doxepin, amitriptyline, imipramine, and trimipramine)
First-generation antihistamines (e.g., promethazine, dimenhydrinate)
Reversible acetyl- cholinesterase inhibitor
Physostigmine
Don’t use with TCA ingestion → asystole
Hallucinations
Antipsychotics (clozapine, quetiapine)
Anticholinergic delirium