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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Normally, the atria are separated by a dividing wall, the interatrial septum. If there is any defect (a whole or opening) in the septam, it's called ASD.
There are 3 major types of ASD. Ostium Secondum, Ostium Primum & Sinus Venosus ASD.
To understand this, knowing embryology is important. Because the process of this defect starts in fetal life.