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AUTOCLAVE
The autoclave is a container similar to a pressure cooker. It is filled with the objects to be sterilised and then sealed. Next, high-temperature steam is forced in under high pressure, thereby displacing air. Moist heat destroys microorganisms by the irreversible coagulation and denaturation of enzymes and structural proteins. The time and temperature to accomplish this depending on pressure and the type of microorganisms to be inactivated. After the necessary time has passed, the steam is released and the sterilised objects are removed. The entire cycle can take from 15 to 60 minutes (batch processing). pushpendra patel solution pharmacy. vandana janghel solution pharmacy. A more commonly used method when extended heat is not a concern is to use an autoclave or pressure cooker.
PRINCIPLE
The basic principle of steam sterilization, as accomplished in an autoclave, is to expose each item to direct steam contact at the required temperature and pressure for the specified time. Thus, there are four parameters of steam sterilization: steam, pressure, temperature, and time. The two common steam-sterilizing temperatures are 121°C (250°F) and 132°C (270°F).
Moist heat destroys microorganisms by the irreversible coagulation and denaturation of enzymes and structural proteins. In support of this fact, it has been found that the presence of moisture significantly affects the coagulation temperature of proteins and the temperature at which microorganisms are destroyed.
Uses
Steam sterilizers also are used in healthcare facilities to decontaminate microbiological waste and sharps containers. Autoclave is particularly useful for media containing water that cannot be sterilized by dry heat. It is the method of choice for sterilizing the following:
1. Surgical instruments
2. Culture media
3. Autoclavable plastic containers
4. Plastic tubes and pipette tips
5. Solutions and water
6. Biohazardous waste
7. Glassware (autoclave resistible)
PROCEDURE
1. Place the material to be sterilized inside the pressure chamber and fill the cylinder with sufficient water
2. Close the lid and put on the electrical heater.
3. Adjust the safety valve to the required pressure.
4. After the water boils, allow the steam and air mixture to escape through the discharge tap till all the air has been displaced
5. This can be tested by passing the steam-air mixture liberated from the discharge tap into a pail of water through a connecting rubber tube.
6. When the air bubbles stop coming in the pail, it indicates that all the air has been displaced by steam.
7. Close the discharge tap. The steam pressure rises inside and when it reaches the desired set level (e.g. 15 pounds (lbs) per square inch in most cases), the safety valve opens and excess steam escapes out.
8. Count the holding period from this point of time, which is about 15 minutes in most cases.
9. After the holding period, stop the electrical heater and allow the autoclave to cool until the pressure gauge indicates that the pressure inside is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Open the discharge tap slowly and allow the air to enter the autoclave.
10. Open the lid of the autoclave and remove the sterilized materials.
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