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Hi Hemnath, Thanks for the query!!! Crosstalk is due to mutual capacitance and inductance, as we know the transmission line is the combination of RLGC circuit, the factor dielectric Constant (Er) is directly proportional to the capacitance value. This logic directly relates us to the capacitance created, which can be modulated by improving the Dielectric material.

Hi Hemnath, Thanks for the query||| Defining Rise time: The rise time in digital systems describes how long a signal spends in the intermediate state between two valid logic levels. 1. The signal rise time determines if a line will behave as a transmission line or as a lumped circuit. 2. A line will act as a transmission line if its electrical length is greater than half the signal rise time. 3. The faster the rise time of a circuit, the wider the bandwidth and higher the frequencies that the circuit can effectively transmit around the board.

Slew rate is defined as the change of Voltage or current per unit time So, higher the Slew rate of the aggresor signal i.e, the faster rise/fall time, the more crosstalk increases. It becomes more important to reduce the Slew rate in order to reduce the crosstalk

Thank you. What is the difference between 2d, 2.5d,3d solvers. Upto which frequency we use 2d,2.5d and 3d solver. Why we need this many solvers.

Make this on hyperlynx tool

@@raneelpawar7959 Happy to see a reply from you after very long time.

Hi Mahesh, The Solving algorithm used by the solver define it as 2D ,2.5D and 3D solver --->2D,2.5D solvers are useful when you need to model and extract the board electrical parameters like traces. --> 3D solvers are useful to model the 3D geometry like Connectors , vias etc.