I remember a line from a movie: "I don't know which is more frightening: the lose of a nuclear weapon, or the fact that it happens so often you have a name for it!" When are we humans going to learn, there is no such thing as "failsafe".

Interesting story about the recovered warhead from the Damascus Arkansas missile silo explosion. The warhead was stored at Little Rock Air Force base for a short while. When it came time to move it to its more permanent location, a semi truck pulling a reefer trailer went out the front gate. It was escorted by several MP trucks in front and behind. There were also two helicopters escorting the little parade. This was all a public diversion for the real "meat" of the warhead that was put in the back of a pickup, covered with a standard tarp and quietly driven out the back gate of the base without any fanfare.

Jeez! Almost 30 years since I retired from the USAF and the words "Broken Arrow" still gives me chills. 😬

I can't help remembering the ending to Dr. Strangelove where Slim Pickens rides the bomb down rodeo style. As a kid it caught me by surprise and it has to be one of the greatest movie scenes ever.

The narrative chops it takes to make such a topic entertaining is incredible; and deserves to be remarked upon.

NOV 9, 1979. I was in a Minuteman II silo when we were ordered to do an EWO (Emergency War Order) BACKOUT. Worldwide, SAC came within a few minutes of Armageddon. Launch keys were inserted, B-52 engines were running. It's history that deserves to be remembered. I was there. It happened during daylight hours, in the mid-morning, NOT at 0300 as Zbignew Brzinski remembers it. We KNEW we were going to die ... until we didn't. I still have nightmares. TANGO-6, 341st OMMS/CTT, Malmstrom AFB, MT. OUT.

I worked on the warheads and associated systems for the first deployment of the Air Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM) with the 416th Bombardment Wing of the 8th Air Force, from Jan. 1982 to Jan. 1986. I held a Top Secret security clearance (and no, we never lost, misplaced, or stole a single document in the 10 years I held a TS clearance.) It sometimes amazes me to see formerly classified nuclear information here on the Tubes of You. Fortunately, I've never seen any TS information on KZfaq, but it is still startling to see things that, not that long ago, one would need to hold at least a Secret clearance to see. I remember this incident with the Mark XVII, and we were all shocked when we learned of the incident, in 1982. We were shocked again when we saw it in the papers in '86. Aside from the few Broken Arrows, there are also a considerable number of Dull Swords and Bent Spears (weapons and/or systems that were damaged but were repairable). Thankfully, I was never involved with any of those; the USAF took those issues extremely seriously, and one would not want to get swept up in the investigations that always follow such incidents. We all took our jobs as seriously as you would want us to, and we did it with care and dedication, every moment of every day. -Thanks so much for your delightful channel!! I make sure to catch at least one video every day.

I don't know what's scarier, losing nuclear weapons, or that it happens so often there's actually a term for it. ---Broken Arrow Frank Whaley

How we survived our own nuclear weapons is a miracle that few are aware of. Thanks History guy as this stuff really needs to be remembered. I live near enough to an old BOMARC nuke that blew up on its launch pad in New Jersey and local wine and honey has trace isotopes of hot Cesium now over a half century later.

As a lifetime history buff, BA in History, and career US Army officer, I find your videos greatly entertaining and enlightening. Keep up the good work; I'll be watching!

Man just love these type of histories. The world is so oblivious to things that could have destroyed it at any time.

I was a Launch Crew Member (BMAT) at Little Rock with the 373SMS at the time of the Titan II accident. I escorted several investigators at the site and was able to see the destruction first hand.

Hey History Guy, I haven't a question at the moment but I will say thanks for this compilation especially the last part that happened in 1980. I would have been 17yrs of age and depending on the month, I would have been in rehab for a 2yr long addiction to cocaine. Thankfully, the warhead on that infamous missile didn't explode and the rehab was successful. I watch your videos often as I am now retired and there's only so much I'm interested in reading or watching on TV. Thanks again, keep 'em coming, may God bless you!

There's that nuke that was jettisoned over the mouth of the Savanna river after the B-47 that was carrying it collided with an F-86, badly damaging the bomber and causing the fighter jet to go down, pilot ejected safely while the bomber fell over two miles before the pilot was able to recover... crew were told to dump the bomb in the water in order to have a better chance of safely landing the crippled bomber which was done without further incident. Per several news articles, the bomber pilot was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions to save the airplane. The bomb was never found, still buried in the silt. There is also the story about the two incidents at Johnston AFB on Johnston Atoll (discussed in another History Guy video) where in the 1960's there were Thor rockets carrying nukes which were being launched from there for high altitude detonation testing. During those launches two (other accidents didn't cause nuke material to be released) of the Thor rockets, in separate incidents, experienced drastic malfunctions, one on the pad and the other shortly after it lifted off, and the rocket motor propellants exploded violently and shattered the nuclear material in the warheads, scattering fragments around the end of the island and into the bordering lagoon. Cleanup involved scraping up contaminated ground material and dumping it into the lagoon. Years later during expanding the atoll, some of this material was dredged back up again, to use as "fill dirt" to further enlarge the atoll and raise ground levels in shallower areas, evidently having AMAZINGLY escaped the notice of current authorities who either forgot what was in the lagoon or the Air Force failed to inform them where NOT to dredge filler material. Later, following the chemical weapons disposals, additional tests for radioactivity in the area of the Thor rocket launch site were done and although surface levels were not too bad, three feet underground in the built up areas the levels were hundreds and sometimes thousands of times greater. More than a few of the people who worked there have developed various types of health problems including cancers, and some of them have since passed before their time. Now, all that said... Johnston Atoll was an amazing place, scratch built up from almost nothing during WW-II as a runway and a ship dock, into what became for all intents and purposes a town with over a thousand military personnel and civilian contractors. Living quarters of various kinds resembling hotels were constructed along with a movie theater, an olympic size swimming pool, a golf course, baseball field, and service facilities for various aircraft and ocean vessels. Along with the AF control terminal and runway was a civilian airline terminal which catered to airline traffic. There was at least one instance where a Boeing 747 landed there. Air Force One also made a trip there, carrying President Nixon, shown by The History Guy in the previous Johnston Atoll video. Gymnasiums, recreation centers, many streets, a sailing and yacht club, and a 24-7 cafeteria which had a reputation for serving some of the best food you could buy anywhere, much less on a remote Pacific island. It even had its own self-contained power grid, water and sewer systems, radio/television and HAM radio service, and a gas station with all the various maintenance facilities one would expect to see in almost any town. In the early 2000s, as covered in detail by The History Guy's previous video, it was decided that Johnston AFB was to be decommissioned and closed by 2004. It was never made quite clear if the radioactive materials found in much of the island filler dredging had anything to do with the closing or if the base simply had outlived its usefulness, but the government proceeded to dismantle the entire base infrastructure and left nothing but the runway, the streets, and the base hospital standing above ground. Everything else was dismantled and hauled away. More of the surface material which may or may not have been hazardous was also scraped up and disposed, some of it aboard barges, to be "taken care of". Not clear just where the "taking care of" actions took place. Other areas were simply buried under several feet of material scraped up from other parts of the island. Today, the various grasses, shrubs, flowering plants and trees planted during the USAF occupation are slowly taking over the atoll, tuning it green. The only things left to suggest a town was ever there are the runway, aircraft parking areas, streets, and the empty hospital structure. They even took up the fire hydrants... now the only inhabitants are birds. And almost nobody except the people who spent time there knows the place ever existed. Considering everything that went on there, that is quite remarkable, not to mention the two nuclear accidents which happened in the early '60s.

Growing up in British Columbia, Canada I remember hearing a vague Old Wive's Tale about a nuclear weapon being dropped in a remote area of the province. We blew it off as anti-War hysteria. Little did we know.

The nuclear weapon terms of Broken Arrow, Dull Sword and Bent Spear are familiar to me being a retired Navy Sailor...

In a world full of hacks, its nice to know there are a handfull of serious history professionals out there putting out good historical content. Thank you, History Guy.

The first broken Arrow incident was in February 1950 and it happened just south of my little town on an island in Alaska. The bomb was Jetson from a B 36 in a big storm when the plane was losing engines do to icing. it was blown up several thousand feet over the ocean minus its plutonium core. the crew bailed out and I believe five of them died in the ocean. The Air Force claimed that the bomber had flown out to see him disappear but years later it was found on a mountaintop in Canada and cost a lot of consternation to both nations. Very interesting story, pieces of the bomber are in a little museum in Smithers British Columbia that I went to last year.

Absolute class to list those who died in “Operation Chrome Dome.” Our existence on the planet as humanity, may owe them debt we may never fully know or understand.

I grew up about 30 miles north of Damascus. Lots of crazy stories from that time period, I actually did a college paper on the Titan 2 incident. I got to interview one of the police officers that worked the scene and one of the engineers brought in after the incident. I had to turn the tape recorder off for some of the conversation, although I have completely forgot what he told me. I was 19 years old lol

The b36 crews would say "2 turning, 2 burning, 2 smoking, 2 chocking, and 2 unaccounted for

I am old enough to remember the B-36 in flight. Even though they were at a high altitude, they were notably larger than any other airplane that flew over our house. They also were much louder, and when the jet engines were on, they had an odd mix of sounds.

I grew up in western Iowa about 100 miles from SAC headquarters near Omaha. I used to watch large planes through binoculars leaving 6 contrails as they flew east. I figured they were B36 bombers out of SAC. This would have been in the ’50s. This video takes me back to that time. Very interesting.

"I didn't touch anything!" Hahaha.... Reminds me of a shipmate onboard my Navy ship. One night we heard an odd sound on the deck above our Electronic Tech shop just outside our door. There was a one-holer toilet up there, with the ladder next to it. He comes rushing down the steps, pants still around his ankles, saying "I didn't do it! I didn't do it!" And a thick brown liquid was dripping down the steps! He'd backed up the toilet. 😆

"The Air Force was understandably concerned." I love your style!

The Damascus incident is my favorite "Broken Arrow" story. As I recall the PTS crew was on the way back from another site when they were called to Damascus for a "quick fix" They hung the crew out to dry after the incident. Seems protocol changed to requiring a torque wrench to use with a socket rather than a ratchet. After the crew suited up in their propellant transfer suits and were under ground, the one crew member realized he had the ratchet and not the torque wrench. They done this operation "a million" times with these tools. The socket popped off the ratchet and well the rest is just history. PBS done quite an in depth documentary on this incident.

We had a bent spear (almost broken arrow) at Minot in Sept 93. I was working (security police) that Sunday, or maybe Saturday. DOE convoy truck entered the WSA and turned too tight and the truck tipped sideways and a large/tall fire hydrant type device (about 6 feet tall), pierced the truck and impaled the war head coming out of the missile fields and back to the base. At first they had all the ARTs and the AFT (2 man alarm teams and the alert 4 man fire team), standing under the truck helping to hold it upright lol Then to compound the response, the buck sergeant accidentally crushed the wing commanders car in the gate while he was responding to the incident. I deployed to Peru the following week and didn’t have to deal with all the fall out bs from the event. The truck incident occurred about 60 feet from these chemical vats that held classified stuff…people were freaking out for sure. Good video!!

While I was in TAC, I had many friends in the Army, stationed with Pershing missile units in Germany, and the line they didn't like to hear (it happened from time to time), was "A bird has fallen!". Apparently, that's when a Pershing fell off its transporter! One good thing: these incidents let you know that nukes are built pretty safe - they won't go off unless you want them to.

Ah yes, "The Day They Lost The H-bomb". (Palomares) One of my favorite books as a kid.

My Dad was the Navigator-Bombadier on a B-47 in 1958. I only recently learned of this incident. My Dad passed away many years ago. I know he frequently flew training missions from Whiteman AFB in Missouri to Spain and back. I would have loved to ask my father for his perspective on these incidents.

You described the six turning, four burning. Due to carburetor icing, and other issues on the radials, that wound up being; two turning, two burning, two smoking, two choking, and two unaccounted for. Or so I've heard.

That first one just broke me. So comical a situation in a deadpan delivery just tickled me senseless.

as a sea going Marine in the early 70's we were tasked with the security of the Nukes aboard our ship. Broken Arrow was a scary thing. I had left the service and returned to my home state of Arkansas when the Damascas incedent happened. I was a route driver for a ice cream company at the time, and I was driving near Damascas. The higway was blocked by the national guard and I had to turn around and leave the area. I asked the guardsman what had happened. He repeated his order to me. I told him I had had a top secret security clearance to work in defense of nuclear weapons. That did not impress him at all. I knew what they had at Damascas. As I drove away I was really worried.

-I was a member of the High Wire team on board our ship 30 years ago. Anytime "Special Weapons" were out of the magazines, a fire team was required to be on standby to keep the ordinance cool if there is a fire, or to respond to an incident of the ordinance broke apart, AKA a "Broken Arrow". We did High Wire drills several times a year maintain proficiency. Then, one day President Bush, the elder signed a nuclear reduction treaty. Since our ship was about to be forward-deployed in Yokosuka, we were one of the first ships to be disarmed. We went to sea for operations off the West Coast. Of course, we didn't know any of this was about to go down, we just knew they called high wire, we mustered in hanger bay one and suited out. This time, they handed canisters for our OBAs and the marines were very, very twitchy. They even had one in a sniper position up on the mezzanine. We could hear helos orbiting around the ship. Then the ordinance began to emerge from below. Instead of the one cart we drilled with, there were many, many more. They chocked and chained them in the hanger bay. Some of them were loaded onto the aircraft elevator and taken topside. After a while, some of the helos headed east, back to land with large rectangular containers slowly twisting below them. After that, we didn't have HIgh Wire drills anymore. I can't find much on the internet about highwire teams. Before to long, any reference to them will be lost to history, I suppose. I'll never forget though. Sitting on a piece of yellow gear in full battle dress in a hanger bay with dozens of nuclear bombs lashed to the deck as half jacked-off jarheads walking around armed to the teeth trying to hard-eye you for several hours is a pretty memorable experience. USS Independence, CV-62, 1989-1992.

I love THG. It's like the video version of Paul Harvey's The Rest Of The Story. Thank you for making history fun.

So far, I think that this is THE BEST episode you’ve done! But, I was an Air Force brat and my Dad was an AF pilot and this was so informative! Thank you!

Wonderful stories to share with your entire nuclear family, sure to give a happy glow. Cheers!

Command and Control by Eric Schlosser is a very good book as well as Normal Accidents by Charles Perrow!

Love your channwl.............I am 71 yrs old and I remember a lot of this

I grew up in Lincoln NE, just a couple of miles from the south end of the runway of Lincoln Air Force Base, where a B-47 wing was stationed. During my childhood, there were around a half dozen B-47 crashes, most of them, either while landing or taking off. Finding out that, if any of them were actually carrying an atomic weapon (there were nukes at the base), the safety pin preventing the bomb from being dropped would not be in place, is disturbing. It would be terrifying if it was still currently being used. While the base was decommissioned in 1960, the northwest quarter of LAFB is still being used by the Air Force for unknown purposes. While 'broken arrows' have become rare, remember that an Air Force B-52(?) recently flew across the central US, landed, and was discovered to be carrying a nuke that was unaccounted for - no one knew it was on that aircraft. Does that make it a 'lost arrow'? (note - this incident caused a major shake up in the Air Force - new rules and early retirements)

I always love your channel, for some unknown reason to me I lost your channel and I'm very happy to have come back across that I will do my diligence and subscribing thank you Jeff I'm an admirer. Plus I admire your your wife

I love that part at around 43:08. THG says "This is not good" so calm like. I grew up very close to where the accident occurred in Goldsboro. Even though my parents were still kids at the time, each time I drove past the sight it gave me chills. To think about the possibility of the world we almost had. Not good, not good at all.

I remember all of these incidents. As part of my Army reserve duties, I handle yearly editions of electronic communications protocols. Around 6 pages of the inch and a half thick pocket size manual had all the codes and descriptions of required conditions for each broken arrow code to be used along with hundreds of similar codes and conditions.

Would loved to have him as a history teacher.I live about ten miles east of Faro NC where in January of 1961 a B52 bomber from Seymour Johnson broke apart in flight when it turned on final approach to Seymour Johnson. One thermonuclear bombfell into a tree after a parachute slowed its descent .The other bomb parachute was torn away and the bomb fell several feet into the ground. They recovered most of the bomb. It was said that the bomb needed one more sequence before detonation. What saved it was the pilots safety switch was off. I have a book about the incident which is known as The Goldsboro Broken Arrow

I wonder how many times this has happened with other nuclear nations. “We'll meet again Don't know where Don't know when But I know we'll meet again some sunny day” - Vera Lynn

When I joined this channel, there were 3000 people subscribed you sure have grown. I got fired from my job at CBS for suggesting You should take over Andy Rooney’s five minutes. Live and learn. Still enjoy the channel. I guess I was right you were the right choice for CBS .They just didn’t realize that.

First time viewer from Australia. Very, very interesting stuff here. Two of these incidents I had not heard of. Subscribed.

Thank you so much, History Guy. Being a Marine some( 30 ++ years ago ), I knew about these. In fact, it was great fodder for inter-service rivalry joking with our "Chair Force". But once again, your 'class' with these videos was supurb. It is always great to come across a "best of" from your arsenal. Thank you. 😁

Great video. One comment on the Titan 2 section. You mention that fuel vapor is brownish in color. That is true with the oxidizer when exposed to air. Fuel vapor is colorless / white when exposed. I was a former Titan 2 combat crew member from 1977 to 1982 and was on alert at another facility when the accident occurred. Just a small detail. Again, great job.

"Dr. Strangelove". 'Nuff said.

Thanks again. I wonder how many kids would benefit from you as a history teacher.

The complex door was modified in the early 1980's and weighted 756 tons. It blew the door into the air higher than a telephone pole and landed over 200 yards from the silo.

Fermi once said something to the effect that "if it's not forbidden, it will happen". Meaning in this case, if an accidental discharge of a nuke is not forbidden by physics, it will happen at some time. The various safety features are safe enough until they're not.

In 1982 I received Air Force training to be an Environmental Health Nurse. One of the situations we studied was the Titan Missile explosion. I saw detailed pictures of the missile silo after the explosion. It was amazing and scary. We toured an active Titan missile silo in Kansas. It was fascinating.

Great video, THG! Couple of interesting books about two of the incidents you described. Command and Control by Eric Schlosser covers the Damascus AR silo explosion, and The Day We Lost the H-Bomb by Barbara Moran relates the events before, during, and after the Palomares disaster. Oddly, I clearly remembered the Palomares event, though I was only 10 years told, but had no recollection of the Damascus explosion until I saw a PBS program about it, which was based on Schlosser's book. Thanks for a fascinating recounting of some very disturbing mishaps (to put it delicately).

Not just The History Guy, You're also a very cool guy, thank you for being you!

I’d like to hear an episode about all the things in your office that we see behind you. One thing I see looks like a small honeybee hive.

Thanks for the Broken Arrow history video. As I recall the exhibit with the bomb cases said that incident was the reason they developed "insensitive" explosives for nukes. It's a neat museum.

Love your videos and watch them all the time. After realizing my feed was not subscribed, I quickly smashed that button! Thank you for all the great content!

The Titan Missile Museum in Green Valley AZ is amazing.

I spent over ten years pulling alert duty on the KC-135a model aircraft. Making certain my aircraft was always ready to fly within three minutes, 24 hours a day was challenging, especially in the winter.

As a note, the bomb that blew up near Florence SC, one of the kids snagged a chunk of the bomb body and kept it until collage then decided to sell it online. Was on only a short time when G-men showed up wanting their property back. Story was in a copy of GQ mag

I Think The History Guy Rocks...!!!

We had a top loading VCR when I was a kid... I miss that thing.

As a side note the Project Gnome accident raised quite a mess when it happened. One of the results of it was the location of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP).

The incompetence is incredible.

Thank you

Thank you for your presentation, History Guy. Top notch, excelent English, clear and focused

I liked my Top Loading VCR with its tethered “ remote “.

A serious question to ask is what kind of nuclear incidents occurred in the former Soviet Union that we may never know about.

There is a Documentary on Netflix, I think, called Command and Control about the Damascus Incident.

I have heard of some of these Broken Arrow events, but the way you tell them is actually frightening as though you were there when they happened!

You have the best Chanel on the Tube! Thanks for you work.

Another excellent episode!

I remember watching a B-47 landing at McClellan AFB near Sacramento as a child. My grand mother had taken me out to visit my grandfather who was a heavy equipment operator working for a contractor on a project at the base. B-36's also flew over our house, rattling everything.

Very interesting! Chrome Dome explains like nothing else can. Why the B-52, is still in use today. The greatest contributor to airframe retirement is airframe metal fatigue. In order to keep so many aircraft in the air around the clock, for so long. A system of replacing metal fatigued parts had to be developed. Otherwise continuous production of new airframes would have been necessary. This process of replacing and refurbishing critical materials on the aircraft. Makes it possible for pilots to fly aircraft, older than their fathers! With updates to engines and onboard electronics. The B-52 remains a world class strategic threat to America's enemies for the foreseeable future. Making the history of the B-52, in a class, all it's own. A history, that despite past history, is still in the making!

That missile explosion wouldn't have been forgotten in the KZfaq age...

I laughed when you said the oxymoronic name of the plane: "peacemaker" _bomber!_

The story of the plane that replaced the B36 is history that deserves to be remembered. The B52 is still in service today.

Excellent episode, thank you.

I grew in in the N end of Idaho, not far from Spokane. I can still remember these girls flying overhead. The sound a B-36 makes is unique and will never be forgotten

My dad was involved in the Goldsboro Broken Arrow. He was stationed at Seymour Johnson AFB as an Air Police man at the time. He guarded the bomb hanging from the tree for a time.

3 things absolutely useless to an aviator: The sky above you The runway behind you, & The fuel you didn’t take on. (words of wisdom)

I remember top loading VCRs...and that just reminds me of how old I am 🤦‍♀️

As always I like your delivery of the history that you share with us thank you to you and your people that help you with this production.

Amazing video, added a huge amount to the little that I did know of these events.

If anyone's interested, there have been a total of 32 confirmed and publicly known broken arrows in the history of the US military so far. The famous Pentagon Papers activist Daniel Ellsberg wrote a great book offering way more detail about the whole lot, so if you're interested feel free to give "The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner" a read -- this video is perfect warm up for that book. Regardless, we have to assume that there have been several more that we don't know about, as if 32 wasn't enough. But that's not the kicker -- the kicker is, if the US had at least 32, merry mother jehosaphats -- how many did the bloody Soviets have??? We're never going to know that number, but I'm pretty sure, we're all pretty lucky to be here.

There were titan missile silos surrounding Plattsburgh Air Force Base in northern New York. One of them has a house built over it and the control center has been made habitable. The house is 2000 square feet, with another 2000 square feet of control center underground. The house also has a taxiway to the airport next to it.

I'd love to have a B47 parked next to my 57 Belair. I'd have an F86 Sabre in the garage too.

Another excellent presentation, thank you

The Peacemaker is one of my all-time favorite planes. I love the push propeller design, with 2 jet pods on the wingtips. Sleek, but simple design with a cool bubble top canopy. I love building this in Kerbal Space Program. Sans the thermo-nuclear bomb, of course.

I remember top loading VCRs, but didn't know my dad's company made part of the launch systems for Titan missiles. QED. On a less depressing note- some astronauts went into commercisl aerospace after they retired. Dad, being a clueless engineer, didn't realize his daughter would rather like to meet the FIRST SPACE SHUTTLE PILOT, so i only got to meet his boss Bob "Crip" Crippen once, and didn't want to be a fan and pester him for too many stories. But one he did tell me is that the launch abort switch was on the ceiling, and he couldn't reach it in the stiff pressurized suits they wore for liftoff in case off accidents. So he'd tied a long string around it which he'd draped down next to his seat. He realized in the final minute of countdown the string had gotten caught on his boot. He didn't know what would happen if you hit the abort launch seitch AFTER liftoff, but probably not anything good (did it cut out the shuttle's engines? I don't know, but the solid rocket boosters are sticks of dynamite in a can: once you light them, they burn until they run out of fuel. But they don't carry the shuttle all the way into space nor steer it; they just give it enough of a boost to overcome Earth's gravity.) So he had to veeeeeery slowly and deliberately untangle himself wearing stiff gloves during the final countdown.

I’m over 60 years old and definitely was alive when that last one exploded, but I was today years old when I found out about it. I can’t imagine how that happened…😳

Incredible story. Thank you!

Fascinating! Thank you History Guy...with a bowtie.

Bugs Bunny was way ahead of this, as pointed out in the 1943 classic, 'Falling Hare' GREMLIN (while trying to set off a 1,000 pond bomb by hitting it with a sledgehammer): ‘These blockbuster bombs don’t go off unless you hit them just right’

The Russians must have been pissed when they lost that spy at 9:28.

so many moments in history I would never know about. Thank you sir.

Thank you. This particular view brings light to very interisting aspects!

On the Titan II incident, even though the USAF couldn't admit there was a nuclear warhead on the missile, it would be safe to assume that there was. The Sheriff managing to listen in on unscrambled USAF radio communications to determine that there was shows the stupidity of the inflexible adherence to that policy when that fact was being broadcast for anyone to hear.