Build AWESOME CLIs With Click in Python
Рет қаралды 31,666
Күн бұрынIn this video, I'll guide you through creating a Command Line Interface (CLI) tool in Python using the Click package. We'll build a simple note-taking tool that can write, read, update, and delete notes. Stick around until the end to discover some hidden features Click offers right out of the box that many people don't know about.
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👀 Code reviewers:
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🎥 Video edited by Mark Bacskai: / bacskaimark
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🔖 Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:31 Story time
2:45 Creating the project
4:00 Create the CLI
4:54 Commands
6:33 Arguments vs Options
7:58 Creating the command
10:40 Connecting to the Entry point
12:16 The design of click
14:19 Continuing the connection
16:46 Using click context
18:25 Adding config to our tool
20:26 Giving the option to create the config
22:59 Things you get for free with Click
24:12 Final Thoughts
24:52 Outro
#arjancodes #softwaredesign #python
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@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
💡 Get my FREE 7-step guide to help you consistently design great software: arjancodes.com/designguide.
@maleldil1 Ай бұрын
I don't really see a point in using Click directly anymore. Typer does the same thing but better, using type hints to set up everything. It's also based on Click, so if you need something that Typer doesn't offer natively, you can use Click through Typer to do what you want. IMO, Click by itself doesn't offer enough to warrant adding a dependency, as stdlib's argparse is quite powerful and easy to use.
@traal Ай бұрын
Agreed, I also use Typer for everything. And I agree that argparse is pretty great. In fact, unless I really need subcommands and composability, I personally prefer argparse over Click. There’s also a nice project on GitHub callled “argh” that wraps argparse with type hints, very much like Typer, but much more lightweight.
@SampadMohanty7 25 күн бұрын
Or Fire by google.
@jurgenrusch4041 Ай бұрын
Hi Arjan. Thanks for yet another super clear and instructive video. And,... at the right time as I am creating a CLI for various related functionalities already written in Python. So, again thanks! Un your video I saw you were using poetry. As this was not the main focus of this video you simply executed poetry commands. I looked back in your video history and saw that in 2023 you posted a video titled "How to Build a Complete Python Package Step-by-Step". There you used setuptools for packaging, and not (yet) poetry. Even after many years of Python programming I find packaging a complex topic. For my work I would very much like to use poetry for packaging and distribution. I would really love to see you (and your team) create an in-depth video about poetry, covering topics like a build frontend and backend.
@ladycoder2095 Ай бұрын
This is absolutely fascinating! IAbout nine years back, had used click to create a command line tool which took a file list of tsv and output a combined xls file with the original tsv files as sheets 😀. This has been a nice refresher.
@user-pr7zo5lr7u Күн бұрын
How to test CLI would undoubtedly be a great addition to a possible continuation of this topic.
@EusebioResende Ай бұрын
Click is a great library. A couple of features I used were Multi Command Chaining and Multi Command Pipelines. May I suggest a video with some advanced features of Click. It would be awesome. Great video Arjan and thanks for sharing.
@bryangarcia9488 Ай бұрын
Great video. I tend to use classic argparse at my workplace but I’ll give click a try for future projects 👍
@riki4878 Ай бұрын
Great video Arjan :) Good job. We use click in our company everywhere. It's really nice package.
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
Glad you liked it!
@DJStompZone Ай бұрын
> Also sometimes called a flag Correct me if I'm wrong, but my understanding is that flags are boolean values (they're either present or they aren't) and don't require any additional information, whereas options are necessarily followed by a value. Sometimes they can go either way, depending on context. For example, "--help" might be a flag if used by itself, or it can be an option if used like "--help ".
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
That's right, a flag is another word for a boolean option - that wasn't clear in the video.
@DJStompZone Ай бұрын
Right on, cheers 🙌
@snakehunt89 Ай бұрын
I would love to see an additional video covering some more advanced usage like adding a logger for scripts or conditional parameters (like if one option/arg is supplied make another not required)
@witcherek Ай бұрын
Great job! Please prepare more extended example with pytest, pydantic It's a pleasure to learn programming with you! Greetings!
@MohsenPadidar Ай бұрын
Thank you for the professional content you produce. I learned a lot from you. ❤ Please do more rust
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
More to come!
@j4g094 15 күн бұрын
I am a DevOps Engineer. Any time I need a CLI tool to help with some task or another, I write it in Python. That is because I have yet to find anything I needed to do on my Linux servers, for which a package did not already exist. For almost all of them I use Click and Rich and when I don't, it is because I need a very quick solution without dependencies outside of the standard library.
@johnsontea8542 10 күн бұрын
Yes would love to see how to add pydantic to add validation to configuration values and with a logger and pytest!
@PhunkyBob Ай бұрын
As always, thanks for sharing. ❤
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
Thanks for watching!
@iamrodos Ай бұрын
Yes to pytest. As I was watching I was thinking this video would be even better if it use TDD right from the beginning where pytest and coverage was used. Create the empty functions, write the test of expected behaviour, complete the functions, write next set of functionality, rinse and repeat. Would demonstrate a great way to "approach" development that would help a lot of people see some good technique and practices.
@iamrodos Ай бұрын
Great video BTW.
@YazzDAtlas Ай бұрын
I would like to see some practical test.
@ArjanCodes 26 күн бұрын
Thanks! Though I agree that it is good practice to follow a TDD approach, I’m afraid that it will slow the videos down too much. But I might test it in an upcoming video 😎.
@phortheman Ай бұрын
Looks cool! I usually write my more complex CLI tools in Go with Cobra which has a great interface. This looks kind of similar but for Python instead!
@realpdm 27 күн бұрын
Thanks for sharing this. I've been using docopt for a long time and while I like it is can be very finicky to use. Click looks a lot more deterministic without all the hassle of using argparse directly. Will definitely try it with my next project.
@ArjanCodes 26 күн бұрын
You're welcome - glad you liked it!
@taufiqurrahmansagafkelrey2833 Ай бұрын
favorit coding uncle, finally!!!
@alexandrodisla6285 Ай бұрын
Click, Typer and Rich
@express4863 Ай бұрын
Click and Rich are my two "go to tools" for anything CLI related. Using things like rich.Live() for updates for long running or slow application updates really improves the user experience.
@pranaypallavtripathi2460 Ай бұрын
are typer and rich also python packages for building cli tools?
@express4863 Ай бұрын
@@pranaypallavtripathi2460 typer has some overlap with click. Rich is more for output to the console. Rich makes working with the console in an interactive way much easier. I use it even when I am not making a CLI application.
@the.elven.archer Ай бұрын
I would love a guide like this but for ncurses-like applications :D
@spanomatic Ай бұрын
Thank you Iron Programmer!
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
You’re welcome- glad you enjoyed it!
@user-pr7zo5lr7u Күн бұрын
21:40 Perhaps the 'platformdirs' library is a good option for determining the location of configuration files.
@user-pr7zo5lr7u Күн бұрын
20:15 seeing pydantic in this context would be very interesting.
@MyrLin8 Ай бұрын
LOL ok got your email, "helping students get drunk :)" hehehehe, ok not really, but the fridge issue is closely related yes? Now we'll learn how to write a CLI, since I'm going to need one soon. Bookmarked!
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
I remember when I was a student, I didn’t need all that much help to get drunk, haha.
@klmcwhirter Ай бұрын
I looked at click sometime ago myself, but am now just using docopt (NOT docopts - with an 's'; which is for shell scripted CLI tools). docopt allows you to specify the CLI in the main modules docstring. You don't have to use that convention, but it is the most practical. The CLI documentation IS THE parser spec. Add one line of code to get the parsed CLI verbs, options, flags, etc. Click is intriguing, but there is too much magic and the interface still needs to be documented - which never happens in practice on a busy team.
@Julie9009 28 күн бұрын
+1 for docopt
@helboy1111 Ай бұрын
I used to love click, but since finding out about invoke I don’t think I’ll ever create a CLI app manually anymore ^^
@DiegoRoccia Ай бұрын
click and rich together really help creating great CLI interfaces in python. too bad distributing python code to end users is so complicated. For this reason we recently migrated one of our internal CLIs to golang
@adrianabreu1565 28 күн бұрын
Would love to see the new pydantic version implement in the todo app!
@mmilerngruppe 29 күн бұрын
21:21 environment variables sets are stored in terminal history too if they are not coming as exports from other scripts. but if they come from other scripts, they are already somewhere stored. it's a uroborus problem. may be I am complete wrong about it, I would like your opinions on it.
@DanielRodriguez-lu3uu Ай бұрын
Great Tool, quick question: something that grabbed my attention was the part where you installed "notes" so you don't have to call python on shell. Is that only possible because you are using Poetry? is there another way to achieve the same result with out Poetry?
@mmilerngruppe 29 күн бұрын
3:41 Arjan, what text editor do you use?
@doodah120 Ай бұрын
I like to have my config object loaded in the top level __init__.py, that way it is globally available and doesn't need to be passed around. Is there any issue with that?
@AndyWallWasWeak Ай бұрын
9:35 now we are cooking!
@FragrantVagrant69 Ай бұрын
I have a question, hopefully you can help. I wrote a basic gui app for a friend to help them solve a problem at work. They showed their boss and he loves i and wants to distribute it to hundreds of users across the country because it will save them hours of work every day. I packaged it using pyinstaller and windows blocks it unless you disable windows defender. They dont seem to have the option to exclude the file from defender, so i wanted to ask what would be the best way to distribute the get this app recognised that it isn't malicious? I heard that signing it doesn't guarantee that it will be trusted and its such a simple app i dont know if if its worth submitting it for review or something like that. I don't really want to rewrite it as a web app as a simple exe is sufficient for what it does . Do you have any suggestions?
@DJStompZone Ай бұрын
My advice is not to use pyinstaller. Defender is gonna freak out every time, unless your executable is signed by a trusted certificate authority. If you want to proceed, you might consider getting your application officially signed. Otherwise, you'll need to instruct users to install and trust your certificate manually through the certificate manager in Windows, which is inadvisable unless you know exactly what you're doing.
@shridharcs Ай бұрын
How about permission handling with click?
@nickeldan Ай бұрын
I like your keyboard! What is it?
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
I think I’m using the Nuphy Air 75 here.
@ramukamath2110 Ай бұрын
i dont think you need to run pip install -e . . poetry install will install current project in editable mode. you just need to activate the venv using poetry shell
@ganeshprasadrao5596 Ай бұрын
typer ?
@simonchpmnk4392 26 күн бұрын
@9:43 kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fL2RlsSf2NLKdoE.html Line 14: TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str' Need to use e.g. pathlibs Path or similar.
@siestoelemento1019 Ай бұрын
Ok
@drac8854 Ай бұрын
How about you remake this software in clap(rust) 🙂
@Amulya7 Ай бұрын
I have heard this story before. I don't remember the title of the video.
@moshedicker6786 Ай бұрын
Typer
@user-jb2gn4yo5f Ай бұрын
Call it "Arjanotes"
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
I like it. 😁
@rdmferreira Ай бұрын
ok.
@noobymemer Ай бұрын
mynotes😂
@duncangibson6277 Ай бұрын
Interesting video, but... New users are probably at Python-101 level, If they read the docs, they will find command line options parsing using getopts, optparse, getopts, docopts, and maybe others. It would be interesting so see a video that compares and contrasts these different modules. Secondly, new users are probably not 100% conversant with @decorators, especially the multi-level decorators shown in this video, so it would also be interesting to see the basics of how users work with decorators, and maybe more importantly, how these modules create these decorators, Apart from that, keep up the good work 🙂
@evilprince2009 Ай бұрын
I'd rather do it using C++.
@hriscuvalerica4814 Ай бұрын
Real programmers use real programming languages like Fortran not toy language like C++
@PhunkyBob Ай бұрын
@@hriscuvalerica4814 Pfff... There is nothing better than assembly language. 😆 How much time would last a YT video of a tutorial about making a CLI in assembly to create a notes application 🤔
@evilprince2009 Ай бұрын
@@hriscuvalerica4814 I request you to not consider me as a 'Real Programmer' then. Peace 🙏
@user-ce7vu3ct3y Ай бұрын
Cyclopts library is much better
@jylpah Ай бұрын
Cyclopts looks really nice! I went from ArgParse to Click to Typer. support for Literal, Union and asyncio is great. I will try this next time
@Schlynn Ай бұрын
Car to give even a single sentence for why?
@user-ce7vu3ct3y Ай бұрын
@@Schlynn discord.com/channels/820628246965780520/1186057034873962627 You can check this thread on discord, I had a long discussion with the owner of cyclopts. It will explain why it's better than other cli parsers. I've tried Argparse -> Click -> Typer -> Cyclopts. Cyclopts is the easiest to work with (has some really good features) and it's carefully maintained. This was the first reply on posted on the thread: I agree that typer is bloated. For example in Enum type, the keys should be the user input but in typer library it uses Enum values as user input. I planned on creating a PR, but I don’t like its codebase at all. Cyclopts look interesting btw,
@cameronball3998 Ай бұрын
haven’t had a chance to watch the video yet (on my watch later lol), but just want to throw docopt’s name here. i use docopt on all my projects now as it’s absurdly simple and my documentation becomes code. maybe for a production grade or release application i’d go with something more heavyweight, but i find for the vast majority of use cases, docopt is clean, easy, and reliable, and has the features i need (e.g., nested mutually exclusive argument groups).
@ssmith5048 Ай бұрын
only a sadist would create a cli tool with python - or they would build it and install it on their worst enemies system.....
@ArjanCodes Ай бұрын
A true sadist would then post a video about that on KZfaq, which would lead to even more CLI tools built with Python.
@ssmith5048 Ай бұрын
@@ArjanCodes go for it if you don`t care about runtime
@keeganlaporte4758 Ай бұрын
I maintain a Python CLI tool. It is much faster. Speed, three kinds: speed of program execution, speed to develop, speed (time) to maintain issues with the program. My Python CLI is much faster, saving weeks in the second and third category. It’s unlikely that the first category will ever compensate for time lost in the latter two. Python is typically the faster language when you consider the real problems. If you really convinced your customer to pay the costs of premature optimization, go ahead and use cpp I guess. I couldn’t imagine trying to convince our customers to wait extra weeks for bug fixes and development
@therealslimaddy Ай бұрын
@@ssmith5048cli tools are very much viable in python. If it’s slow then there is a skill issue clearly.
@ssmith5048 Ай бұрын
@@therealslimaddy i would call it a poor decision issue to choose python for a cli tool for anything not trivial, instead write tools in c or cpp for cli tools. python for the quick and dirty scripting it is tolerably good at.
@johnathanrhoades7751 Ай бұрын
I love dotfiles in the $HOME/.config/ directory. Just makes it really easy to keep everything together. That or a dot file directly in the $HOME directory.
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