In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
The Almighty Allah says in His book:
And when your Lord said to the angels, "I am going to place on the earth a vicegerent..." (Al-Baqarah: 30)
The Almighty Allah commenced caliphate even before the creation of human beings. This verse proves that the wisdom of caliphate is beyond the imagination of creatures. Therefore, He initiated caliphate first because He is Pure and Wise.
Scholars of Ahlul Sunnah, according to Allamah Damiri, do not separate Caliphate from Imamate, and it is a fact that Caliphate cannot be divorced from Imamate. It is meaningless to think that Caliphs may be different from Imams. It is necessary that whoever is the Caliph must also be the Imam. Abdul Qadir Jilani, in his book Ghaniyatu Talibeen, on page 196 mentions the Caliphs with the title of ‘Imams’, which clearly proves that apart from being Caliphs, these people also held the position of Imams.
It has been proven that Caliphate is one of the functions entrusted to the position of Imamate, and this was evidenced by a number of noble verses:
As the Almighty said: "The Prophet is closer to the believers than their own selves" (Al-Ahzaab: 6), as our Prophet (peace be upon him) was a messenger and an Imam.
And the Almighty said: "Verily, We have sent down the Book to you with that you may judge between people by what Allah has shown (taught) you" (An-Nisa: 105).
And the Almighty said: “And know that whatever thing you gain (of booties), a fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger and for the near relatives (AhlulBayt) and the orphans, and the needy and the wayfarer, if you believe in Allah" (Al-Anfal: 41).
And the Almighty said: "What Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from the people of the townships, it is for Allah, His Messenger, the kindred, the orphans, the poor, and the stranded such that it may not become a fortune used by the rich among you" (Al-Hashr: 7).
All public financial resources and financial taxes are in the hands of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and the Imam, in addition to the many verses of the general mandate, as the Almighty said: "The Prophet is more important to the believers than themselves" and "O' you who have Faith! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those charged with authority among you" (An-Nisa: 59), and others.
With it, it became clear that there is no separation between politics and the religious reference to the infallible Imam - as infallibility is a mental and legitimate condition in the Imamate - and it is not correct for anyone to take this position with consultation or other thoughts of people except by the divine text; because infallibility is a mystic characteristic that only God knows.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) held the hand of ‘Ali in the land of Ghadir khumm and said: "Whoever I am his master, ‘Ali is his master. O’ God, love those who love him, and be hostile to those who are hostile to him."
(1) Sahih Tirmidhi, v2, p298, v5, p63
(2) Sunan Ibn Maja, v1, pp 12,43
(3) Khasa’is, by al-Nisa’i, pp 4,21
This incident has also been clearly seen in many books of Ahl as-Sunnah.
There is a controversy among Ummah: Did the Prophet(peace be upon him) call Ali(peace be upon him) master or friend?
We can clear this doubt by presenting these narrations from the books of Ahle Sunnah also:
Among those who gave him the oath were Umar ibn khattab, Abu Bakr, and Uthman bin affan. It is narrated that Umar and Abu Bakr said: "Well done, Ibn Abi Talib! Today you became the leader (Mawla) of all believing men and women."
(1) Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v4, p281
(2) Tafsir al-Kabir, by Fakhr al-Razi, v12, pp 49-50
(3) Mishkat al-Masabih, by al-Khatib al-Tabrizi, p557
The incident at Ghadir Khumm solidifies the authority and mastership of ‘Ali in the Muslim community. Various narrations from Ahle Sunnah support this notion, showcasing the significance of recognizing and adhering to the leadership outlined in Islamic teachings.
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