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Central Nervous System Physiology Rapid Revision 🧠🔬
The central nervous system (CNS) serves as the command center of the body, comprising the brain and spinal cord, orchestrating complex processes essential for survival and function. Neurons, the basic functional units of the CNS, transmit electrical signals known as action potentials, facilitating communication between different regions of the brain and spinal cord. Synaptic transmission, the process by which neurons communicate with each other, involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron, which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to either excitation or inhibition of neuronal activity. Various neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), play critical roles in modulating mood, behavior, cognition, and motor function. Additionally, the CNS regulates vital functions such as respiration, cardiovascular activity, and temperature control through intricate neural circuits located in the brainstem and hypothalamus. A comprehensive understanding of CNS physiology is essential for medical exams like FMGE, NEET PG, and USMLE, as it forms the basis for diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. 📖⚡
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