Previous genetic studies have shown that over the past 10 thousand years, the population of Europe has been renewed twice due to migration. Since the 7th millennium BC. NS. demographic changes were associated with the expansion of Neolithic farmers from Anatolia. These early Neolithic populations were at first genetically very different from earlier European hunter-gatherers, but were almost indistinguishable from Anatolian farmers. However, over time, over several millennia, the share of hunters and gatherers in the gene pool of European farmers has increased.
The second major demographic change, which the release is actually devoted to, occurred at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. NS. and was associated with the steppe ancestry, which was carried, among other things, by representatives of the Corded Ware culture or battle axes. This culture represents a major cultural shift in Central, Northern and Northeastern Europe, bringing about changes in economics, ideology and burial practices.
The representatives of the Corded Ware culture differed from their predecessors in Europe, having ~ 75% of the genealogy, along the entire genome, similar to that of the representatives of the Yamnaya culture from the Black Sea-Caspian steppe. This "steppe" lineage subsequently quickly spread throughout Europe until the end of the third millennium BC. NS.
Despite the importance of the 3rd millennium BC. BC, many temporal and geographic data gaps remain, leading to limited knowledge about processes at the level of societies and communities and how cultural groups interacted with each other and spawned new ones.
Unresolved issues concern the genetic and geographical origins of the Corded Ware, Bell Goblet, and Unetice culture of the Early Bronze Age, as well as their relationship with each other and with the Yamna culture.
#history #genetics #DNA #science #Europe #paleogenetics
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Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe
Science Advances, August 2021
Doi 10.1126 / sciadv.abi6941
Luka Papac, Michal Ernée, Miroslav Dobeš, Michaela Langová, Adam B. Rohrlach, Franziska Aron, Gunnar U. Neumann, Maria A. Spyrou, Nadin Rohland et. all
Additional
Re-integrating Archeology: A Contribution to aDNA Studies and the Migration Discourse on the 3rd Millennium BC in Europe
Published online Cambridge University Press: 10 June 2019
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Volume 85, 2019
DOI: doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2019.4
Extensive Farming in Estonia Started through a Sex-Biased Migration from the Steppe
Lehti Saag, Liivi Varul, Christiana Lyn Scheib, Eske Willerslev, Toomas Kivisild, Mait Metspalu doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.022
Content
00:00 Introduction
07:23 The main goals of the work
08:14 Bohemia before Corded Ware culture (before ~ ​​2800 BC)
11:25 Transition from Jordan to funnel cup culture.
12:43 Transition from Rzhivnachskaya to the culture of globular amphorae.
14:34 Corded Ware culture
21:12 Bell goblet culture
23:55 Unetice culture
27:02 Conclusions
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