How Did Plants Evolve?: Crash Course Botany #6

Рет қаралды 78,556

Күн бұрын

“You shouldn’t make decisions when you’re hungry.” Tell that to the cell that ate a bacterium 1.5 billion years ago and set in motion the evolution of all plants on Earth. In this episode of Crash Course Botany, we’ll explore how plants came to exist, the forces that drive plant evolution, and how we know what Earth’s prehistoric dystopia was like before plants came along.
Chapters:
A World Without Plants 00:00
Plants' Origin Story 1:09
Defining Evolution 3:06
The Five Forces of Evolution 5:15
Studying Plant Evolution 10:01
Plants' Evolutionary History 11:04
Review & Credits 13:54
Sources: docs.google.com/document/d/1P...
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Tawny Whaley, Sean Saunders, Katie, DL Singfield, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Pineapples of Solidarity, Katie Dean, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Mark, Caleb Weeks.
__
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Instagram - / thecrashcourse
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids

Пікірлер: 87

@crashcourse Жыл бұрын

The answer to the extra credit question is… a tomatillo! What ingredients would you add to make the perfect salsa verde?

@Bahador.B Жыл бұрын

I member, ummm member the seeds? I member.

@misanthropichumanist4782 Жыл бұрын

Green chilies (jalapeños or seranos), garlic, onion, cilantro, salt, pepper, lime juice.

@BearsThatCare Жыл бұрын

So how did the first organism with a chloroplast inside of it pass down this ability? I get how the first chloroplast came to be but not how it became a part of the other being's evolution. I'm a recent environmental science grad and I never understood this part.

@clusterfer Жыл бұрын

Tomacco!!!

@Aquanios08 Жыл бұрын

I adore Alexis and all of the other hosts PBS has for their crash courses! Much love to Uncle Hank and John 💕

@BrandonPhilips Жыл бұрын

My 6yo loves this series and so do I. Thank you for creating such an entertaining and useful program!

@marcusmisherky4962 Жыл бұрын

I love how Alexis is always giddy and excited to talk about plants😅🥰🥰keep slayin bestie🌺

@tripendicular Жыл бұрын

This host is AMAZING. I’ve learned so much. She’s funny and witty too. ❤

@skunkyraccoon7572 Жыл бұрын

I love these videos!! Also the butterfly clip Alexis is wearing is amazing I love how moves! It flutters!! I was kind of having a not great time today, but this made me feel much better!!

@Tomagotchiify Жыл бұрын

I’m so happy that we got botany crash course! now i can show my friends how to grow

@TwistedSoul2002 Жыл бұрын

Perfect timing!! I was thinking about this the other day! I was thinking that plants must have looked very different before they evolved to produce chlorophyll in abundance, or colours to attract insects to help with pollination. Can’t wait to watch!

@akipolies Жыл бұрын

I wish Hank and John were my uncles. That'd be a cool family to be in

@pvtpain66k Жыл бұрын

"Some times they mate with themselves instead" I can make my own FLOWERS!! shove my roots though the sand talk to myself for hours see things you don't understand

@barbarajeanne8351 Жыл бұрын

I always enjoy your classes! ❤thank you

@TheNadOby Жыл бұрын

Really like this course. Nod to Hank and John was neat.

@marwald8358 Жыл бұрын

This girl makes science so interesting. Thank you. Keep going ❤

@annie5247 Жыл бұрын

Love all your videos so much!

@Davlavi 11 ай бұрын

Informative as always.

@rainglade Жыл бұрын

obessed with this series

@Roaming_Barbie Жыл бұрын

So cool you are hosting this Alexis

@WeCodeCurious Жыл бұрын

LUV THIS!!!

@wezul Жыл бұрын

"And by family, we mean Kingdom" - Yall are my kind of people and I appreciate this line so much.

@BearsThatCare Жыл бұрын

@poisonedfrog Жыл бұрын

GREAT question!

@austinbrown709 Ай бұрын

Thanks!

@benjaminb6678 Жыл бұрын

I was just wondering how plants evolved yesterday. Y’all read my mind!!

@NinaDmytraczenko Жыл бұрын

Honestly jealous of plants, I want an infinite snack too :(

@honor9lite1337 Жыл бұрын

Yeaaahhh!!! Plant!!!!! 😊😊😊

@rishiraj2548 Жыл бұрын

Thanks

@grizzerotwofour7858 Жыл бұрын

I couldn't stop staring at her butterfly hairclip. I now know what cats feel like

@MrKevb1540 Жыл бұрын

Do they evolve at roughly at the same speed as animals or faster? Also, there is "selective breeding" which is how we turned grass into corn. That was done purposely by humans.

@nekrataali Жыл бұрын

AFAIK all life evolves at a speed equal to how long it takes for it to reproduce and how much genetic deviation occurs withing that species. So a radish will germinate in 5 days, Driver Ants will reproduce in 25 days, and a Saguaro cactus will take years. All of these evolved from their common ancestors slower than the Tuatara, which (despite its slow rate of growth and reproduction rate) had a lot of genetic diversity among its common ancestors.

@jonathanbyrdmusic Жыл бұрын

She’s is the best.

@nekrataali Жыл бұрын

Her voice is really familiar, does she do voice work in animation?

@slotho122 Жыл бұрын

Uncle Hank and Uncle John. I see what you did there.

@wmiu85 11 ай бұрын

Alexis, I love you! I'm enlightened and enchanted by your wit and charm in only five minutes of watching your video! Thank you for making it so clear and funny!!! Wish me good luck for my exam today 😂

@LooseGarmentGirl Жыл бұрын

Onion ? Great video Alexis, I really enjoyed it.Thanks Uncle Hank, Uncle John, AuntHeather🌱🌱🌱🌿

@rhianbeam1766 Жыл бұрын

So what I'm getting here, is that we are plants.

@garethdean6382 Жыл бұрын

I have a serious question; mitochondria and chloroplasts are always presented as undigested meals. What's the evidence for this as opposed to a more symbiotic arrangement? Surely that would be more likely?

@timoteusfeik5851 Жыл бұрын

Well, they are inside the cells, wrapped in membrane of the host cell, that clearly indicates endocytosis. Back then symbiosis, let alone endosymbiosis didn't really exist, so endocytotsis=meal. Cell didn't know that a symbiotic realtionship might be benificial, so there's no reason to think they weren't about to absolutely devour those little cyanobacteria. Something happened, they formed an alliance, the rest is history :)

@ehrenloudermilk1053 Жыл бұрын

Youre so smart and fun. I want to pick your brain over tea

@mat9813004 Жыл бұрын

The phylogeny diagram was useful.

@zerofragment3417 Жыл бұрын

So are all aquatic plants actually algae?

@platyhystrixs7326 Жыл бұрын

No. Some terrestrial plants gradually returned to water. Like lilly-pads for example.

@tamsims1968 Жыл бұрын

Are there recessive aliels? So even if it was.2 big c's if it had a little c somewhere in the past it could.give a little c?

@JohnYoungcook72 Жыл бұрын

Cool

@Zahri8Alang Жыл бұрын

MatPat everytime the Punette Square comes into play in their theories; MUSIC- MAAAN

@laprankster3264 Жыл бұрын

So this means that the common ancestor of all eukaryotes was likely a heterotrophic archaea (eukaryotes are believed to be more closely related to archaea than to bacteria).

@dhananjaysawant4646 Жыл бұрын

I look at the thumbnail and think: I’ve already watched a video on endosymbiosis

@ikilledaman Жыл бұрын

crash course wildin ☠️

@Shattered0Platinum 10 ай бұрын

Getting flashbacks seeing all the stock footage of unhealthy tomatoes.

@marcusmoan Жыл бұрын

Uncle Hank and Uncle John!

@johnzeegler8641 Жыл бұрын

Cool narration 😊😂

@greglane501 Жыл бұрын

How?

@mranonymous5283 Жыл бұрын

1000th like y'all 😁

@CrabbyBacon Жыл бұрын

W VIDEO

@bananaforscale1283 Жыл бұрын

8:50 Doesn't fruit need to be eaten and pooped out somewhere else? That would enhance survivability, not hinder it.

@jessicadecuir5622 Жыл бұрын

Even though it’s because of cyanobacteria we have plants, we also almost DIDN’T have plants or other forms of life because of cyanobacteria.

@sklanman Жыл бұрын

the Big Seal Eel

@namanyadav7432 Жыл бұрын

😊

@MsMcNubblet Жыл бұрын

First everlasting gobstopper

@samwill7259 Жыл бұрын

The tornado really liked red tomatoes, who are you to judge?

@shreksleftballsack Жыл бұрын

ALEXIS!!!😊

@Adephonsus Жыл бұрын

You are my favorite host in Crash Course, and they are all likable.

@XRaym Жыл бұрын

I thought what you call Natural Selection was just fitness, and every thing else random mutation, gene flow etc) with fitness all under the Natural Selection umbrella ? as opposite to artificial selection (human made). Maybe depends on the context.

@modman287 Жыл бұрын

My guess is its an ancestor to the pepper on how it looks, but i also want to say potatoe.

@igallagher4 Жыл бұрын

I member do you member?

@sevanaiaseeto9456 Жыл бұрын

First!

@lauraescobar9159 Жыл бұрын

I guess it was a tomatoooo 🍅

@Life_42 Жыл бұрын

I love her energy!

@adrianjonesyr7837 Жыл бұрын

First

@striatic Жыл бұрын

How did the host cells begin to replicate and distribute the ingested Cyanobacteria among their descendant cells? I kept waiting for this process to be explained but got a basic, not particularly plant specific, primer on evolution instead.

@platyhystrixs7326 Жыл бұрын

Chloroplasts kept the capability of mitosis. Btw its the same with mitochondria. Both chloroplasts and mitochonddria are much smaller, so there is a lot of them in the "host" cell. After the host cell divides each daughter cell has some of the original semi-autonome organelles which can repopulate them again, and so on and so on.

@samucamma3957 Жыл бұрын

During cell reproduction cloroplast reproduce themself through binary fission and half of the new organelles goes with one of the 2 daughter cell

@urmwhynot Жыл бұрын

Are you the vegan forager?

@pyeitme508 Жыл бұрын

@larkohiya Жыл бұрын

The tornado was not random.

@justtrolin Жыл бұрын

1st?! shhhweet..

@samuelzev4076 Жыл бұрын

Don’t plants also evolve from microbes that have been brought to earth by falling meteorites in the form of panspermia?

@AndrewTBP Жыл бұрын

There is no evidence for this hypothesis.

@belleconkling8458 Жыл бұрын

Everyone who likes this video should play the card game doomlings

@DandySprat Жыл бұрын

Can I be you when I grow up?

@Mr_Wallet Жыл бұрын

You shouldn't state that natural selection isn't random; natural selection is extremely random! More specifically, it's _probabilistic,_ meaning there's tendencies in the randomness. A whole class of anti-evolution arguments are based on straw-manning evolution as a deterministic process, and then pointing out that we don't observe such a process.

@Peizxcv Жыл бұрын

So one of those plants turned into monkey that turned into gorilla that turned into men? Would explain why monkey always spontaneously generated from trees

@AndrewTBP Жыл бұрын

No. Plants and animals have a common ancestor along with fungi.